To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the distinctive features of romanticism in the work under study.

“If only for yourself, then why are you?”

M. Gorky

Romanticism

It arose at the beginning of the 9th century and was gradually supplanted by realism.

Romanticism - a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Story Composition

"Old Isergil"

The first part is the legend of Larra

The second part - Life of Izergil

The third part - The Legend of Danko

Legend of Larra

• How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

• Does it matter that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

• What are the people that his mother led him to? What moral laws do they live by?

• What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

• The "exposure" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do with a man for pride!" Comment from the point of view of the meaning of the legend, from the point of view of Gorky's Nietzscheanism.

• What is the tragedy of Larra's immortality?

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larre.

Pride -

• Self-esteem, self-respect.

• High opinion, excessively high opinion of oneself.

Pride- unreasonable pride.

Legend of Danko

• Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

• What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

• Izergil calls both Larra and Danko "proud". Is the epithet used in the same meaning or not?

Life Izergil

If you are only for yourself, then why are you?

Interview with Eduard Georgievsky

Graduated from the Moscow Medical Institute. From 1966 to 1970 he worked as a doctor on Sakhalin Island, and then for thirty-five years in the Tula Regional Hospital. Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Author of several poetry and prose collections.

Published in the almanacs "Tula", "Day of Tula Poetry", in the collection "Ivan-Lake", in the interregional literary and artistic and journalistic magazine "Priokskiye Zori". Founder, compiler and editor-in-chief of the literary almanac "On the Wings of Pegasus". He was awarded the medal "100th Anniversary of the Birth of Musa Jalil". Member of the Writers' Union of Russia and the International Community of Writers' Unions

— Eduard Pavlovich, firstly, let me congratulate you on your anniversary and wish you good health, family well-being and creative success. You have a big life behind you. What do you remember most about her?

- Thank you for the congratulations, for the memory of me, because a lot of time has passed since that first interview. My memory stores, it seems to me, a lot of interesting things, you can’t say everything in a short interview. But most of all I remember the beginning of my activity as a doctor in the city of Uglegorsk, Sakhalin Region, where I was sent after graduating from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute in 1966. It would be correct to say not “directed”, but arrived of their own free will, because. The nature of Sakhalin Island has long attracted me as a tourist. I got directions. I remember my first duty in the hospital, my first patient who was saved. By the way, this “Sakhalin” period is described in my autobiographical story “My Own Path”, which came out with an additional edition of 200 copies. in 2012. The events that cannot be forgotten remained in my memory - this is the awarding of the title "Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation" and the presentation of a ticket to a member of the Writers' Union of Russia. And, of course, my first book of poems, "I Like Unprecedented Space."

— You have served medicine and literature all your life. Did the question ever arise: To be or not to be? That is, to serve or not to serve? And are you satisfied with what you have done both in medicine and in literature?

“It’s just that it’s easy to teach a person to work for money — at the institutes, you can train quite competent specialists, be it a teacher, an engineer or a doctor. That is why higher education institutions exist in society and the state. But I think that those who have found themselves in some business become the best, i.e. I went to study at the behest of my soul and heart, in a word, by vocation. True, there are many cases when a person graduated from one institute or even two, becomes in life a completely different specialist in the truest sense of the word. I explain this by the fact that human nature takes its toll, and I call this happiness when a person proudly says that this business is “mine”. I answered the second part of the question above.

— In our last interview with you, you said, and I quote: - It is my deep conviction that the time is not far off when people will suffer from accumulated wealth. Being rich will become out of fashion. And then the spiritual development of the personality will again come to the fore. Now spirituality is pushed aside. I think it's temporary. She will triumph again. That's when new domestic giants of thought and word will appear. Five years have passed, has your opinion changed on this issue?

On the contrary, it has become even stronger. You look at what time we live. And in what society. in a consumer society. This means that food and clothing come first, and spiritual development is not necessary. Where soulless people come from, it becomes clear. Even when Maxim Gorky said: “If you are not for yourself, then who is for you? ...” By this he emphasized that a person should be independent. But then he continued: “But if you are only for yourself, then why are you?”. And by this he emphasized the social significance of the individual, which, of course, should not be an egoist, but should contain empathy, compassion, sympathy, etc., i.e. personality is when a person is spiritualized. Hence the words - assessments: sincere person, kind person, soul-man.

— You have been the deputy head of the literary association "Pegasus" for more than one year. In 2016, by the way, in the Year of Literature, Tula writers lost their building - the House of Creativity on Kaminsky Street, in which you have been teaching Pegasus students for many years. How are things going today, are the classes running?

— More than 3 months. Back from the writers' organization a letter was sent to the Minister of Culture of the Tula region with a request to offer premises for the further existence of the regional literary association "Pegasus" at the writers' organization. So far, no response has been received. I think that it is no coincidence that the Ministry of Culture and Education was renamed the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The fact is that this ministry spends all its efforts on the development of tourism. It's a necessary thing, but why forget the culture. By the way, the word "culture" originally meant "education", but then it was transformed into "education". So why forget about it. Is the job of the ministry only to travel around the regions of the region and present certificates of honor and letters of thanks? The gradual washing away of spirituality and culture is a direct path to the degeneration of the nation and state. The fact that under her leadership the writers' organization and the Pegas regional literary association lost the House of Creativity, and even during the Year of Literature, shows that the ministry doesn't give a damn about anything. It is impossible to say otherwise.

— The next issue of the almanac "Pegasus" has recently been released. You are its permanent leader and compiler. But after all, this work takes a lot of time, during which you, perhaps, would write a new story or beautiful poems. Do you feel sorry for the time?

- It's a pity, of course. I still can’t start the second book of the story “Own Path”. The first book was, simply put, about medicine, and the second, according to my plan, was about literature. Fate decreed that I existed in one form (doctor), and now I exist in another - as a writer. However, our almanac "On the Wings of Pegasus" and "Pegasik" as an appendix to it is also an interesting job for me as the editor-in-chief. After all, the manuscripts of 35-40 authors of each issue pass through me. I read their texts, sometimes I correct them with the consent of the author. This job gives me a lot. The approach is differentiated - someone needs help, someone needs to be criticized. As a rule, we find a consensus. After all, the main task of these publications is to popularize the work of members of the regional literary association "Pegasus" under the Tula writers' organization.

— In today's commercial time, anyone can publish books at their own expense, and then demand admission to the Writers' Union. Don't you think that today in literature the triumph of those who want to be a writer, and not those who can?

— Nowadays, you can print at your own expense as much as you want and anything. Still, I deeply believe that truth always wins over lies. True, sometimes it takes a lot of time, but how else. Truly, a person lives by faith. As the Russian proverb says, "You can't hide an awl in a bag." Sooner or later (that's what the time factor means!) It becomes known who is who. The so-called "successful" writers, whose books are published with a circulation of 40-50 thousand copies, all this is foam that will be carried away by the wind or it will sink into oblivion. Still, classics are classics, and all these "fantasies" are nothing but funny reading, but not literature. The task of true literature is to educate (and subsequently nourish) in a person a sense of goodness and justice, to fill the soul with bright thoughts, optimism, faith in a brighter future. People come to the Union of Writers voluntarily, at the call of their souls and hearts, who consider this the work of their whole life, people who are unconditionally creative, in whom the spark of God is lit. So they are the driving force, and the "temporaries" either become graphomaniacs, or "write out."

— Now in the literary media the question of changing the head of the Union of Writers of Russia is often raised. Many Tula writers say that today the same need is ripe in Tula. Who, in your opinion, should lead the writing community today - a genius of the word, a person with a writer's name, or a person, let's say, in literature of little talent, but behind the scenes inspirer and organizer of the literary process?

- Of course, the rotation of personnel is a natural process. No need to just break through the knee. As for our writers' organization, I will frankly say that if it were not for Pakhomov Viktor Fedorovich, a well-known writer in Russia, our organization would have long since dissolved itself in the period from the dashing nineties to the present day. Despite the difficulties, Pakhomov V. F. managed not only to maintain the writer's organization, but also to increase its efficiency. For more than 20 years, many new books have been written by poets and prose writers, meetings of writers with students, military personnel were held, there were trips to the regions of the region to meet with readers, etc., etc. And all this at a critical time for the country and on a voluntary basis. I remember well that in order to encourage me for active work in the writers' organization, I had to buy the form of the Certificate of Honor myself, the phone was paid from my own funds - such was the organization's lack of money. But the necessary attention from the administration of the region has not been, and still is not. In this regard, I would like to repeat that even in the Year of Literature, writers lost their House of Creativity. It asks: "For what?". In my opinion, in our country there is a creeping process of washing away spirituality, the activity of the so-called “soft power” is spreading. Our civil society is not mature yet. If we add to this the time in which we live, it turns out that now the “fashion” is successful. There are really successful ones, but they love their homeland, and it is proud of them. And there are people who want to "steer". As a rule, they are all administrators with a membership card of the Writers' Union in their pocket. In the times of Tolstoy, Turgenev and others there were no unions of writers. But there were geniuses from mother nature. And they have become classics, an example to follow. And now everyone wants to lead, to become officials. It is bureaucrats who do not allow free breathing in Russia. The head of the writers' organization should be a person with a literary name and extensive experience in dealing with writers. His task is to transfer the accumulated experience to young writers, to prepare a worthy replacement for himself. He must identify a candidate for the head and propose him to the writers' organization, but in no case be imposed from above. Everything is decided by the assembly - the highest governing body. This is real rotation, this is how continuity is preserved, this is how writers' organization is preserved.

— In one of the interviews you said: - What time, such songs. Today, some scold our time, while others praise it. Who are you with - first or second?

“I think that our time is a kind of transitional period. Fifty-fifty: a lot of positive and no less negative. There is an attack on classical solid conservatism on all fronts of literature and art. I want something new, but what - no one knows for sure. Some options are tried, which, it turns out, are not suitable, then new ones are put forward, and so on. This is some kind of period of experimentation, which pushes healthy conservatism further and further away from man. What this transitional period will lead to, no one can say. In my opinion, we will return to the classics again, it's a pity for wasted time. At the forefront of the writer's activity has always been a person with his strengths and weaknesses. Strong people are praised, weak people are supported. This has always been the case in Rus'. But if a person is still offended by the authorities, especially in the localities, then the writer takes the side of the offended, but this cannot be called a confrontation. In a democratic society, fair, healthy criticism should be welcomed, supported, otherwise how to be in the midst of the people, what then is the Popular Front for.

— What are you working on now?

- This year I plan to publish an album of songs with notes on my poems called "From Heart to Heart - 2", release another CD of songs on my poems and, finally, write several chapters of the second book of the story "My Path".

— What would you, Eduard Pavlovich, wish the younger generation?

— We have a road for young people everywhere. You just need to choose the right path, your path. Let everyone go their own way, while not forgetting the words of A. M. Gorky, I repeat: “If you are not for yourself, then who is for you? But if you are only for yourself, then why are you?

Gennady Markin,

member of the Writers' Union of Russia,

Shchekino

Goals

1. Development of mental abilities of students.

2. The ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

3. Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, attitudes and beliefs.

Tasksslide

1. Continue acquaintance with the early work of M. Gorky;

2. Analyze the legends. Match the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

3. Track how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

4. Consider the hallmarks of romanticism in the work under study.

During the classes.

“If only for yourself, then why are you?” slide

I. Organizational moment

In 1895, "Samarskaya Gazeta" published M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky have a romantic character.

Reception basket " Let's remember what romanticism is. Define romanticism, name its distinctive features. »

Romanticism- a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Slide

2 . The whole work is shrouded in romanticism. Romantic heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples proving this (working with text). Conversation on:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (Old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images can you highlight? (Sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (Epithets, personification, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in this way in the story? (Nature is shown animated, it lives according to its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with a person, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the hero’s infinity of freedom, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, nocturnal, mysterious, can the heroine who tells the legends about Larra and Danko realize herself.

3. Composition of the story "Old Woman Izergil".

What is the composition of the story?

Slide

Why do you think the writer used this technique in the story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​people, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. Thus, a coordinate system is created by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts of the composition could you single out? (Three parts: part 1 - the legend of Larra; part 2 - the life and love story of the Old Woman Izergil; part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4 . Analysis of the legend about Larra. Slide

How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

Does it matter that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

What are the people that his mother led him to? What moral laws do they live by?

What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

The "exposure" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do with a man for pride!"

Slide Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larre.

5. Analysis of the legend about Danko. Slide

Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

Izergil calls both Larra and Danko "proud". Is the epithet used in the same meaning or not?

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Student's individual message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko).

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and they are very sad to leave their homes. Convoys were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had let his slaves go. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw behind them the chariots of the Egyptian troops. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind the armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from destruction. He told Moses to strike the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again struck the water with a stick, and behind the backs of the Israelites it closed again.

Then the Jews went through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to strike a rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the desert, they could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this land. But at this time their leader Moses died.

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic work.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (this is an expression of the author's position. He sings of the feat of the hero. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of goodness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, independent work of students. Students compare Danko and Larra, write down the conclusions in a notebook. Table check.

Table 1

As a result of the work of students with the table, you can get the following:

Comparison of the images of Danko and Larra
Criteria	Danko	Larra
1. Attitude towards the crowd	Love, pity, desire	despises people, treats
to help them	im arrogant, not considered
2. The crowd is the hero	conflict	conflict
3. distinctive character trait	Love, compassion, courage,	Pride, selfishness, extreme
mercy, courage, skill	individualism, cruelty
suppress pride
4. Attitude towards life	Ready to sacrifice	Takes everything from life and people, but
life to save people	gives nothing in return
5. Legend and modernity	Blue sparks (light, heat)	Turns into a shadow (darkness,
6. Actions performed by heroes	A feat for the love of people,	Evil, crime
good deeds
7. The attitude of the writer to the characters	Ideal, sings of its beauty,	Anti-ideal, condemns him
courage, feat for the sake of love for	actions, anti-human
	essence

7. But the story is called "Old Woman Izergil". Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main character of the story is still the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important, the main thing for her). Slide

Legends frame the life and love story of the old woman Izergil. Slide

Students independently note, check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil refers to herself as Danko, as she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having fallen out of love with a person, she immediately forgot about him)

Slide

III. Lesson conclusion. Summing up the lesson.

Slide Back to lesson objectives

homework slide

IV. Homework:

Reading the play Consider the history of the creation of the play by A. M. Gorky “At the Bottom”; genre of work, conflict.

T.N. Tolmacheva

teacher of Russian language and literature

MAOU "School №17"

Gubkin

Legends about Larra and Danko (from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil"). The problems of the story and the author's position.

Goals :

Identification of the artistic idea of ​​the legends about Danko and Larra, mythological sources of legends, features of poetics. Development of skills of independent research work with text, textbook, tables and terms.

The ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, humanistic views and beliefs.

Tasks:

Continue acquaintance with the work of M. Gorky;

Analyze legends. Match the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the distinctive features of neo-romanticism on the example of the work under study.

Equipment :

Epigraphs for the lesson:

(ancient wisdom)

During the classes

Introduction to the lesson. Creation of motivation, emotional mood for the analysis of legends.

Lesson topic: "Legends about Larra and Danko (from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil"). The problems of the story and the author's position.

You have already got acquainted with the work of M. Gorky at home. Today we will try to understand its features. Let's define the objectives of the lesson together.

Teacher. One of the most important questions in the work of M. Gorky is the question: "What is a person?" In his first stories, the writer carefully looks at the person, seeks to understand him, and takes the names of the characters-narrators as titles for some works.

At an early stage of Gorky's work, he was interested not so much in character, personality, as a manifestation of the individual in a person, but in a certain universal concept of human nature, which the writer seeks to know. Thus, Gorky creates his first works, as it were, under the sign of collecting truly human. In an effort to create life guidelines, Gorky actively uses mythological, including biblical images, motifs, and concepts in many of his early stories.

A.M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" was published in 1895 in the Samara Newspaper. From that moment on, Gorky declared himself as an exponent and bearer of romantic aesthetics, and the story became a masterpiece of the writer's early work.The problem of our lesson will be the question:What is a man according to Gorky?

The epigraph to our lesson, in my opinion, would be the following words: “If only for yourself, then why are you?”

Let's remember what romanticism is. Define romanticism, name its distinctive features.

Note:

Romanticism – artistic methodformed at the beginningXIXcentury in Germany. Romanticism is characterized by a special interest

to the personality, its attitude to the surrounding reality, as well as opposition to the real world - the ideal, "two worlds".

Name the distinguishing features of romanticism in the story.

II. Analytical conversation. Collective search for a solution to the problem.

1. What is the composition of the story? (Izergil's narrative consists of 3 parts: "The Legend of Larra", "The Story of Izergil's Life", "The Legend of Danko". All three parts are united by a common idea, the author's desire to reveal the value of human life).

2. What technique underlies the construction of the story? (The reception of antithesis: the legends about Larra and Danko reveal two concepts of life, two ideas about it. The story is based on the opposition of two characters - Danko and Larra).

3. Are they extraordinary personalities? (Danko and Larra are exceptional personalities. Danko is the embodiment of the ideal type, "Prometheus", declared by the author as "the best of all", and in the description of Larra there are epithets that are more suitable for describing the animal: "dexterous", "predatory", "cruel", "selfish".)

4 . Analysis of the legend of Larra

Who is the main character of the first legend?

Is the story of the birth of a young man important for understanding his character?

How does the character relate to other people? (contemptuously, arrogantly. He considers himself the first on earth)

A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What is at the heart of the conflict between Larra and humans? (his pride, selfishness, selfishness)

What is the difference between pride and pride?

Note:

Pride – self-esteem, self-respect.

Pride – n exaggerated pride, excessively high opinion of oneself.

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larra.

What leads to the egoism of the hero? (to crime)

Group work. Dramatization of the episode "Trial of Larra" and its analysis.

Guys, and now we will see the scene of the trial of Larra, which was prepared by the 1st creative group. This was their homework.

What punishment did Larra suffer for his pride? (loneliness and eternal existence, immortality).

Is this punishment fair or does he deserve something else?

Now let's turn to the text and find the key words that show Larra's state of mind after the punishment. The textologists who prepared this task at home will help us with this.(... They stopped and laughed at him. And he trembled, hearing this laughter, and kept looking for something on his chest, clutching it with his hands ... And again he fell to the ground and beat his head against it for a long time. But the earth moved away from him, deepening from the blows of his head ... There was so much longing in his eyes that it could have poisoned all the people of the world with it ...)

This is the life of a hero. Is it punishment or freedom? (Yes, this is a terrible punishment. Larra is doomed to immortality and the inability to decide for himself whether to live or die. People have deprived Lara of what, in his opinion, it was worth living - the right to live by his own law.)

What is the author's attitude towards Larra? (He condemns the hero, in whom an anti-human essence is embodied. For Gorky, the lifestyle, behavior, and character traits of Larra are unacceptable. Larra is an anti-ideal).

Let's remember the pages of the Bible and answer the question: which of the famous heroes was subject to such a punishment? We will turn to the mythologists from the 3rd creative group for help.

Mythologists: It seems to us that the son of Adam and Eve Cain, who commits the sin of fratricide, is subjected to the same punishment, for which he is punished by loneliness.

« And Cain said unto the Lord [God], My punishment is greater than can be endured; Behold, now You are driving me from the face of the earth, and from Your presence I will hide myself, and I will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.

On the example of Larra, Gorky presented us with the anti-ideal of the hero. And who is the spokesman for the idealistic idea of ​​man?

6. Analysis of the legend about Danko.

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with M. Gorky's legend about Danko. And again we turn to the mythologists.

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and they are very sad to leave their homes. Convoys were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had let his slaves go. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw behind them the chariots of the Egyptian troops. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind the armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from destruction. “And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea with a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters parted. And the sons of Israel went in the midst of the sea on dry ground: and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.”

Then the Jews went through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to strike a rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the desert, they could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this land. But at this time their leader Moses died. [ 1: II,3–18]

b) What fragments of the legend about Danko correspond to the biblical story? The guys from the group of researchers who prepared the answer at home will share their discoveries with us.

– What is the similarity between the biblical story and the legend of Danko?(Moses and Danko take people out of places dangerous for further living. The path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship of Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes more complicated, as people lose faith in salvation).

– How does the plot of the legend of Danko differ from the biblical story? (Moses relies on the help of God, as he fulfills his will. Danko, feeling love for people, volunteers to save them himself, no one helps him.)

What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (Great love for people, a desire to help them, a willingness to sacrifice oneself to save others.)

What act did the hero do for the love of people? (Danko accomplishes a feat, saving people from enemies. He leads them out of darkness and chaos to light and harmony.)

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd? Let's go back to the texts.

Work with text. (At first, people "looked and saw that he was the best of all.". The people believe that Danko himself will overcome all difficulties. Then they "began to grumble at Danko"because the way was difficult, many died on the way; now the crowd is disappointed in Danko. “People attacked Danko in anger” because they were tired, exhausted, but they are ashamed to admit it. People are compared with wolves, animals, because instead of gratitude they feel hatred for Danko, they are ready to tear him to pieces. In Danko's heart, "indignation boiled up, but it went out of pity for people." Danko pacified his pride, as his love for people is boundless. It is love for people that drives Danko's actions).

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic work.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He sings of the feat of the hero. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of goodness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

7 . Independent work. Students compare the images of Danko and Larra, filling in the columns of the table. At the end of the work - self-check the table. (An exemplary version is projected onto the screen).

Table

The images of Danko and Larra in the story of M. Gorky

Criteria

Danko

Larra

1) Attitude

to people

"He loved people and thought that ... without him they would die"

Contemptuously arrogant (“... except for himself, he does not see anything ... He had no tribe, no mother, no livestock, no wife, and he did not want any of this”)

2) The crowd is the hero

“All together they followed him - they believed in him” “... in anger and anger fell upon Danko ... and began to reproach him for his inability to manage them ...”

Open confrontation (“And he, boldly looking at them, answered that there were no others like him ...”)

3) Distinctive character trait

Altruism

Excessive pride, complete freedom of action

4) Attitude to life

Whoever does nothing, nothing will happen to him.

“He had no tribe, no mother, no livestock, no wife, and he did not want any of this ... And so he began to live, free as a bird.”

5) Legend and modernity

What is meant?

The relevance of the image?

6) Actions performed by heroes

A feat, self-sacrifice of life in the name of saving people (“teared his chest with his hands and pulled his heart out of it ...”)

Crime, murder of the one who rejected the son of an eagle

"proud daredevil Danko", the great burning heart of Danko.

"Beautiful and strong", "his eyes were cold and proud, like those of the king of birds." "He was dexterous, predatory, strong, cruel ... And he has no place among people."

Let's return to the problematic question of the lesson: "What is a person according to Gorky?"

And how do you understand the words of the epigraph to the lesson:“If only for yourself, then why are you?”

8. Reflection

• Danko's feat is a great deed, it will remain an example and a guide for all of us. And may the light of his heart never fade.

In memory of our lesson - these symbolic hearts.

And as a sign that together we have come to a common opinion about the essence of the question raised, about what a person should be like in life, let's kindle and raise our symbolic hearts.

Homework: write a miniature essay, choosing one of the topics: “Can Danko be called a hero?”, “What kind of person can be called beautiful?”, “Why does M. Gorky call Danko a “proud daredevil”?”

LITERATURE

Bible. – M.: Russian Bible Society, 1992.

Gorky, M. Selected works.– M.: "Fiction", 19 86 .

Ozhegov, S.I. and Shvedova, N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1997.

Solovieva, F.E. Literature lessons. - M .: "Russian Word", 2011.

slovar.lib.ru

Romanticism in the work of M. Gorky.

Analysis of the story "Old Woman Izergil"

Goals

1. Development of mental abilities of students.

2. The ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

3. Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, attitudes and beliefs.

Tasksslide

Continue acquaintance with the early work of M. Gorky;

Analyze legends. Match the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the distinctive features of romanticism in the work under study.

During the classes.

“If only for yourself, then why are you?” slide

I. Organizational moment

In 1895, "Samarskaya Gazeta" published M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky have a romantic character.

Reception basket " Let's remember what romanticism is. Define romanticism, name its distinctive features. »

Romanticism- a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Slide

2 . The whole work is shrouded in romanticism. Romantic heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples proving this (working with text). Conversation on:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (Old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images can you highlight? (Sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (Epithets, personification, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in this way in the story? (Nature is shown animated, it lives according to its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with a person, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the hero’s infinity of freedom, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, nocturnal, mysterious, can the heroine who tells the legends about Larra and Danko realize herself.

3. Composition of the story "Old Woman Izergil".

What is the composition of the story?

Slide

Why do you think the writer used this technique in the story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​people, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. Thus, a coordinate system is created by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts of the composition could you single out? (Three parts: part 1 - the legend of Larra; part 2 - the life and love story of the Old Woman Izergil; part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4 . Analysis of the legend about Larra. Slide

How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech)

Does it matter that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle?

What are the people that his mother led him to? What moral laws do they live by?

What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra?

The "exposure" of the legend is the phrase: "This is what God can do with a man for pride!"

Slide Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larre.

What is the tragedy of Larra's immortality?

5. Analysis of the legend about Danko. Slide

Portrait characteristics, details and their functions.

What is the difference between "strong" Danko and "strong" Larra?

Izergil calls both Larra and Danko "proud". Is the epithet used in the same meaning or not?

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Student's individual message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko).

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and they are very sad to leave their homes. Convoys were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had let his slaves go. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw behind them the chariots of the Egyptian troops. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind the armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from destruction. He told Moses to strike the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again struck the water with a stick, and behind the backs of the Israelites it closed again.

Then the Jews went through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to strike a rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the desert, they could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this land. But at this time their leader Moses died.

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic work.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (this is an expression of the author's position. He sings of the feat of the hero. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of goodness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, independent work of students. Students compare Danko and Larra, write down the conclusions in a notebook. Table check.

Table 1

As a result of the work of students with the table, you can get the following:

Comparison of the images of Danko and Larra
Criteria	Danko	Larra
1. Attitude towards the crowd	Love, pity, desire	despises people, treats
	to help them	im arrogant, not considered
2. The crowd is the hero	conflict	conflict
3. distinctive character trait	Love, compassion, courage,	Pride, selfishness, extreme
	mercy, courage, skill	individualism, cruelty
	suppress pride
4. Attitude towards life	Ready to sacrifice	Takes everything from life and people, but
	life to save people	gives nothing in return
5. Legend and modernity	Blue sparks (light, heat)	Turns into a shadow (darkness,
6. Actions performed by heroes	A feat for the love of people,	Evil, crime
	good deeds
7. The attitude of the writer to the characters	Ideal, sings of its beauty,	Anti-ideal, condemns him
	courage, feat for the sake of love for	actions, anti-human
		essence

7. But the story is called "Old Woman Izergil". Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main character of the story is still the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important, the main thing for her). Slide

Legends frame the life and love story of the old woman Izergil. Slide

Students independently note, check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil refers to herself as Danko, as she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having fallen out of love with a person, she immediately forgot about him)

Slide

III. Lesson conclusion. Summing up the lesson.

Slide Back to lesson objectives

homework slide

IV. Homework:

Reading a play

Consider the history of the creation of the play by A. M. Gorky “At the Bottom”; genre of work, conflict.