An essay about an unfamiliar person who did something important. Viktor Krotov - Personalities
A few words about myself. Outwardly, I am not too different from the other six and a half billion human beings inhabiting our planet and one hundred and forty-two million fellow citizens living in our country.
I dare to hope that internally too. In any case, I have traveled about the same path in the social sense that almost everyone else is doing.
He graduated from an eight-year school in his native village, after which he mastered the program of the tenth and eleventh grades at a special boarding school for blind and visually impaired children in the city of Polysaevo. The skills of independent living away from home brought benefits - the boarding school helped to adapt and undergo socialization, and in addition, it allowed me to acquire primary skills for living in society.
Next - the law faculty of the Novokuznetsk branch-institute of the Kemerovo State University, which was graduated with a blue diploma. However, he did not find a job in his specialty and to his liking. But, nevertheless, it was this - humanitarian - specialty that played the final role in shaping the personality and shaping the sphere of interests, although I was fond of poetry and literature before. Poetry - from the age of 12, and literature - as long as I can remember.
Even as a child, he was interested in nature, loved animals. However, as they grew older, the accents of interests and inclinations shifted towards socio-political and socio-philosophical problems and issues. Not the last role in this, I dare to hope, was played by the date of my birth. More precisely, her star sign. The fact is that Capricorn is a sign of the earth, which greatly affects the character of those who were born under this sign. These people pay great attention to "earthly" issues - that is, the material world.
That is why most of my poems are devoted to some topical topics, there is little sublime in them and, in fact, poetry as such, in the classical sense of the word. This is, rather, not even poetry, but rhymed journalism, which, according to people like B. Burmistrov, A. Ruleva and S. Kadyrov, are different things and, as a rule, not very compatible.
However, I continue to occasionally rhyme, although I feel a much greater craving for prose and, as noted above, for journalism. Although this did not prevent me from taking part in the first regional festival of amateur poets “I write with my heart”, which took place on May 26, 2010 in the city of Kemerovo and was held under the auspices of the All-Russian Society of the Blind, in which at that time I was still a member.
At the same time, it has never been published anywhere - it did not happen. Although, for the mass of all the graphomaniac garbage I have composed, you can find a couple of poems that I personally definitely like.
First of all, this is haiku. Because when writing them, a lot of time and effort is spent, and the result is worth it. Because haiku is the harmony of form and content, conciseness of presentation and at the same time fullness of expression of thought. Because it's beautiful and restrained.
In addition to hockey, such poems include a modern interpretation and interpretation of the classics and classics - Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" and stories composed by Tolstoy for peasant children. Such an interest is quite understandable - I began to be interested in the classics from the school bench.
In addition, I can also include “Black”, “What? Where? When?" and "Kremlin Tree", as well as some others.
In addition to compositions “for the soul”, that is, for myself, I occasionally compose “on order”. So, sometimes I had to compose out of necessity - for example, in the process of participating in the Siberian Robinsonade tourist action, where I had to complete all sorts of creative tasks. Well, as congratulations to someone, which also happens extremely rarely.
What is an essay and why is it interesting? Firstly, this is one of the genres of literature - a small work that describes events or a person. Secondly, this genre is a symbiosis of artistic and journalistic styles. Thirdly, it is desirable to write it if there is an example of an essay at hand. For a better understanding of the genre, you can re-read Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter or Chekhov's Sakhalin Island. The famous travel essays by Radishchev or Pushkin will also become wonderful examples.
Genre features
An essay is a kind of short story that is written in a semi-fiction-semi-documentary genre and describes real people and real events. In a word, fantasy does not run wild here. It is difficult to write such a work, even if there is an example of an essay, because you need to take into account the main structural components, genre features and a penchant for truth. It has some traditional distinguishing characteristics:
- Written in short narrative form.
- Describes only real people and events.
- Focuses on social issues.
- It is 80-90 percent a description from nature.
- Adheres to undeniable facts.
- Allows the writer to express his opinion and engage in dialogue with the reader.
Thus, an essay is a kind of text that tells about a real event or person, while paying attention to a certain social problem (if possible, the reader is also involved in the discussion). All this is presented as an artistic text, saturated with elegant images. Even having an example of an essay with you, it is difficult to write a worthy work the first time.
Varieties
There are several types of essays in the literature. They can be:
- Portrait.
- Problematic.
- Travel.
- Sociological.
- Publicistic.
- Artistic.
What are their features?
Essays originated during the Renaissance. Then on the pages of English satirical magazines for the first time appeared moral writings. A few decades later, such essays became widespread in European literature. They had great success in France. Honore de Balzac, Jules Janin were the first representatives of this genre in French literature.
In Russia, the first essayist who laid the foundations was N. Novikov, who published in the satirical magazines Truten and Zhivopisets. The heyday of this type of creativity came in the 1840s. Already in the next decade, essays became the leading genre in literature. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin and V. Sleptsova are considered the most outstanding authors in Russia. Therefore, there are many examples of essays in the literature. When writing your own work, you can use them.
How to compose a text
Before moving on to viewing examples of essays, it is worth giving some practical advice to novice authors. Where to begin? What to finish? These questions will torment performers even if they review all the examples available in the literature. How to write an essay?
The first thing to do is choose a theme. You need to find a fascinating story that the author himself will like. Explore it, learn additional facts, and decide on the type of essay. For example, you can develop the situation and compose an interesting text that will arouse sympathy in the reader. It can also be a biographical or educational essay, historical, travel or revealing. The main thing is that the text can captivate the reader.
Next, you need to decide on who this essay will be intended for, that is, with the target audience. It depends on her what words the text will be written in. If all these stages are passed, you can prepare for writing.
The second important point is to decide on the format of the text. Essays do not have a strictly regulated format, which greatly facilitates the work of the authors. For example, you can start by describing a dramatic moment, use a story-within-a-story format, or write from two points of view that find common ground. Next is the size. Examples of essay texts range from 250 to 5000 words. Maybe less, maybe more. The main thing is to fully open the topic.
Having decided on organizational issues, you need to think about how to attract the attention of the reader, interest him and intrigue. Some essayists believe that for this it is necessary not to tell, but to show - more emotions, more images, more intrigue. When creating a text, do not get carried away with quoting. As a rule, readers do not appreciate this, and you need to create exclusively in their language. This is a step by step example of how to write an essay. Now we can move from theory to practice.
portrait essay
As mentioned above, this type of creativity is the most artistic. That is, in it you can give the reader any interesting details from the life of the person being described. In the example of a portrait essay, you can talk about your contemporary, friend, or historical figure. Regardless of who will be discussed, it is worth touching on some problem. It may concern modern society or a group of specific people. An example essay about a person might look like this.
“I am all in a handful of the brain, and I devour so many books that the world cannot contain them. I can't satisfy my greedy appetite. I'm dying of hunger all the time" - Tommaso Campanella. The son of a shoemaker, a failed lawyer, a monk and a criminal who spent 27 years in the prisons of the Inquisition.Renaissance portraits depict an ordinary man. His face has a network of deep wrinkles, a sharp, straight nose, dark hair, and black eyes. Looking at this image in the portraits, one can feel that indomitable desire to know, tell, explore and write, which our hero has experienced all his life.
Until the age of 34, he wandered around the monastic cells, spent 27 years in prison. While in prison, he intensively engaged in literary work. The prisoners were not given parchment and ink, but Campanella managed to find them. His works were confiscated, but he stubbornly restored them from memory, himself translated into Latin.
City of Sun
During his imprisonment, Campanella managed to write several fundamental works on philosophy, theology, astrology, astronomy, medicine, physics, mathematics, and politics. In total, 100 treatises with a total volume of 30 thousand pages came out from under his pen. Chief among them is the "City of the Sun".
Our hero has been writing for 27 long years about a world in which a fertile utopia reigns. There, people work only 4 hours a day, and devote the rest of the time to their hobbies. There are no disagreements, wars and repressions. It was this treatise that was mostly considered heresy, it was because of it that Campanella spent half his life in the clutches of the Inquisition. He was repeatedly asked to give up his thoughts about utopia, but he stubbornly insisted on his own. Until the very end, until his last breath, he believed in his convictions.
For some time he was an honored guest at the royal court, but the whole world took up arms against him. Campanella never backed down from anything. Torture, hunger, cold, dampness, illness did not break him. He had something to tell the world about."
This is one example of a portrait essay. There is a description of a person, his fate, character, and a problem is mentioned. Now you can move on to the next example of text, a problematic essay.
Problem essay
This is a rather difficult kind of creativity. You can take it up only to the smallest detail by delving into the problem presented to the judgment of readers. Otherwise, the author will look ridiculous. We provide one of the examples of the text of the problem essay, which touches upon the problem of the family. In the past, everyone wanted to have it. Modern people have become completely different. They value their own freedom more than a stamp in their passport. Let's see what an example of a problem essay looks like.
“Does modern man need a family? If you look at the statistics of divorce proceedings, you can doubt it. Modern girls are not in a hurry to get married. They can provide for themselves, while remaining free from obligations. Why are they getting married? To take care of the man who lives with them under the same roof? Cook for him, wash his socks and shirts, iron his trousers and handkerchiefs? A husband is unlikely to give flowers and expensive jewelry, endure whims and fulfill any desire in order to spend the night with his wife. It is a completely different matter when a woman is free, and a man plays the role of a lover.
About happiness and meaning
Why are families formed? For some, this is the meaning of life. A family is created when love appears in the heart, when you want to take care of your loved one and be responsible for him.
People seek spiritual joy and intimacy. A happy family is a place where you restore strength, relieve stress and enjoy. Once Leo Tolstoy wrote: "Happy is he who is at home!" It really is. Is it not happiness to run home, realizing that they are waiting there? The family is the foundation of a happy couple's life.
Should I play a wedding and put a stamp in my passport or live for my own pleasure, taking care only of myself? Everyone must decide for himself what is more important to him.
Road
As for a travel essay, an example text might look like this.
“A journey, even a very short one, is like a breath of fresh air. Every time you return from another city, you seem to change, become a slightly different person. I do not have a clear schedule, where it would be indicated when and where I should go. Just from time to time I have a desire to go somewhere. Then I go to the station and take a ticket for the next train to the fifth stop. After getting off the train, I can go to the regular buses and go to a distant wilderness, or wander the streets of a big city, which bears the loud name of a metropolis.
That's what happened this time as well. I drove towards remote villages and accidentally stumbled upon an abandoned village. Strange, but many residents of the surrounding villages were not even aware of its existence. This village is no longer on the map. No one remembers its name, even in the archives there is very little information about it.
Light
There are practically no houses left. For a long time, nature has destroyed what man has created. If you count, then there are three more or less surviving houses left in the whole village. Entering one of them, I expected to see empty rooms, broken furniture and mountains of garbage. This usually happens in abandoned buildings.
This house was very dirty, the floor was covered with a thick layer of years-old dust that rose into the air as soon as I took a step. But there was furniture. Already completely rotten, falling apart, it stood as it had under its previous owners. Dishes were gathering dust in the sideboard, and two iron cups stood on the table. People seemed not going to leave here, but suddenly disappeared, leaving behind everything they had. It seemed that even the rustles had gone with them. Never in my life have I heard such silence. Listening to her, I could hardly believe that somewhere in this world there are still people, cars, life is in full swing somewhere.
These examples of essay essays can be taken as a basis in your work. But still it is better not to try to imitate anyone's texts. The main thing is to really feel the problem under consideration and put your feelings into the text. This is how the reader can be touched.
How to write a biographical essay
Gathering information Reflection on information Write a biographical essay Revise a biographical essay A biography tells about a person's character, life and achievements. The biographical sketch is shorter and much more specific. The sketch should provide readers with basic information about the person, and give them a sense of the person's character. A curriculum vitae can be written to give people more information about a historical figure, or to provide some information about themselves, a career tool for employment. Follow these simple steps and you'll be on your way to writing a stellar biographical essay of your own.
Read other biographies before starting your own. This will give you a better understanding of the craft.
If you are writing a bio about yourself, you should try not to go over the word limit by more than a few words. Otherwise, your potential employers will think they don't know how to follow directions or be concise.
How to write an essay
“A good essay makes readers remember
who they are in essence, what they want, what they dream about”
K. Paustovsky
Feature article - one of the most interesting genres. It exists at the intersection of journalism and literature. Unfortunately, most schoolchildren and students write essays the way they would write essays or articles for the school newspaper.
An essay is one of the varieties of a small form of epic literature - a story, which differs from its other form, a short story, by the absence of a single, acute and quickly resolved conflict and a greater development of a descriptive image. Both differences depend on the features of the problematics of the essay. This is a semi-fiction semi-documentary genre that describes real events and real people.
The essay is both a documentary-scientific understanding of reality and an aesthetic exploration of the world. It is no coincidence that the essay is compared with works of art and even with painting, emphasizing: if the story is a picturesque picture, thensketch - a graphic drawing or sketch for a picture. It is, as it were, on the verge between a document and a generalized artistic image.
The essay introduces the reader to new, emerging forms of life and its daily course, awakens public opinion and forms an understanding of the right to put forward and defend advanced thoughts, combining an objective assessment of reality with subjective opinion, comparisons and parallels between them.
The main feature of the essay- writing from nature.
There are three main types of essay - portrait, problem and travel.
in the center of the portrait essay - the personality of a person, his life, his aspirations, joys and sorrows. In addition to interest in the hero (if this is a famous person), portrait essays are needed by readers in order to compare their system of moral values with the views of another person. A portrait essay is a compressed story about someone's life. Well-known journalist Yuri Rost said about this: “I try to feel my interlocutor. I ask him what he regrets most in life, what he is proud of. My interest is sincere, and it helps me to create, first inside myself, and then on paper, the image of my hero.”
in troubled In the essay, some problem is in the center of attention; in the essay it can act as a conflict that its characters are trying to resolve. Parallels and deviations from the topic are appropriate in the problematic essay, the analysis of the problem is carried out more with the help of artistic means than statistical information.
Travel an essay is a description of some events, incidents, meetings with people that occur during the author's journey. This is a genre that allows the author to show imagination and literary skill to the greatest extent. The main problem is always the selection of information, because there are usually a lot of impressions as a result of trips, and the task is to select the most interesting and important. A travel essay can have several purposes - for example, to show how people live in other cities and countries.
Note:
If the essay contains elements of dialogue, then the speech of the characters should bear the imprint of their social environment. (So, for example, a homeless child says the word "aunt" and does not say "woman"). The author has the right to correct speech if the characters communicate with invectives.
Helpful Hints:
Brilliant publicist Mikhail Koltsov at one time he advised novice authors to pay attention to two things: composition and language.
The essay should touch on socially important topics. The author must rely on facts, draw logical conclusions, clearly indicate his author's position.
Before writing an essay, it is necessary to outline its structure: identify a social problem, analyze how it is solved, connect the author's reasoning with the characters of the most striking characters. You can start an essay with an artistic sketch, with a description of the scene, with sociology and statistics. The essay is interesting in that it almost does not limit the author's imagination and his curiosity.
Dry official phrases and speech stamps should be avoided. And read Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Gilyarovsky. Gilyarovsky is one of the brilliant essay writers and journalists of the 19th century.
When preparing an essay, artistic and visual means play a huge role. The strength of the essayist lies in the wide and skillful use of landscape, portrait, dialogue, description, speech characteristics, etc.
But even the most colorful and sophisticated artistic images, metaphors and comparisons will not help you if your intention and the structure of the text are not clear.
“Colourfulness” does not at all consist in adding fat to the “dish”, but in constructing an essay, in the ability to somehow endlessly arrange the material in a new way, so that its individual pieces and particles electrify each other, so that they add up to a common structure and this structure would not only rush forward, but would itself keep in place(M. Koltsov).
What is the purpose of the essay in the text?
Firstly , documentary. It is necessary to strive to present in detail what happened, without missing a single significant detail. But the fact itself is not important. The main thing is how typical it is for a journalistic idea, the problem of an essay.
Secondly , the subject of the essay is a typical case, classic in the conditions of the present. That is, a case that vividly characterizes and illustrates the stage of social development.
Third , this typical case is a manifestation of an explicit or hidden conflict (contradiction). Drama is an inherent feature of the essay.
Fourth , the image is of great importance in the essay. Emotional, dramatic and organically rich, it is a "generalization of life and an assessment of life phenomena."
Particular attention should be paid to language.
Essay work plan (example):
1. Problem
A portrait essay is not just a description of a person, it is a material written in connection with the awareness of some socially significant problem.
Formulate and describe in general terms the problem that you will develop in the essay.
2. Collective image
If you simply describe your desk mate, you won't get a portrait essay. This can be called a description or a sketch. Your task is to see the connection between the image of a particular person and the collective image of a modern representative of the younger generation. Show the general on the particular, and show the particular on the general.
Write down as many characteristics of the collective image of a representative of the younger generation as possible.
3. Controversy
The essence of the essay image is a contradiction. The essay will not come out if you fail to see and show the full drama of the collision and coexistence of opposing qualities.
In two or three sentences, “draw” a positive and negative portrait of the hero of our time.
4. Accents
As a rule, "newspaper portraits" are sketchy: 3-4 details plus a "leading" detail that characterizes the character. It is no coincidence that the word “essay” is believed to have come from the word “delineate”, that is, literally outline with strokes, features.
Write down 3-4 details that, in your opinion, are the most important for characterizing the hero. Try to find the dominant, "leading" detail.
5. Description of the character
Describe the face, clothes, movements, facial expressions of your hero, his manner of holding, communicating.
6. Character Traits
Write down as many character traits of your hero as possible: what is he like at home, in the classroom, at work, in an informal setting.
7. Situation
This or that situation characterizes a person in the best possible way. Recall a time when your character behaved in an unexpected way.
8. Bundles: hero - image - problem
Write a sentence or several sentences that will connect the image of your hero with a collective image and a designated problem.
9. Ratings
State your attitude towards the character. Your task is to unobtrusively and even imperceptibly convey your assessment to the reader in a few words included in the text of the essay. What words can these be?
You need to be able to give an essay like this
didactic character,
awakens the thought and makes the reader
to contemplate the material with you,
confront him internally.
Mikhail Koltsov
Essay Evaluation Criteria
1. Is there an attractive, unique heading that reflects the main idea of the essay? (TITLE)
2. Is there a unique idea in the essay - the main paragraph containing the main idea (culminating phrase) of the work? (IDEA)
3. Is the image of the hero/object of research fully represented? (STUDY)
4. Is the sphere of the main interests of the hero shown, where he realizes the meaning of his life / the role and significance of the object in the socio-cultural situation of our time? (COMPETENCE)
5. Is there any sensational, unique information about the hero and his activities? Doesn't the essay sound like a dry summary? (NON-STANDARD)
6. Is there a clear composition, a logical sequence of paragraphs? (LOGICS)
8. Proficiency in Russian
Criterion | Competitor Requirements | Maximum Points |
Knowledge and understanding of theoretical material | Defines the concepts under consideration clearly and completely, giving appropriate examples; | |
Analysis and evaluation of information | Competently applies the categories of analysis; | |
Building judgments | Clarity and clarity of presentation; | |
Russian language proficiency | Spelling and punctuation literacy |
The study of journalistic text genres can be organized in the form of a creative workshop.
With the help of a teacher, students get acquainted with a new genre concept, analyze samples, select material on their own, and try to write the text of an essay. We offer material for studying the portrait sketch.
Work in the creative workshop
I. Introduction of the concept of "portrait sketch".
Guys, suggest your progress on the concept of "portrait sketch".
You can look in dictionaries, find a keyword, find associations...
1. Vocabulary work.
Vocabulary work is carried out by students, looking for
The origin of the keyword according to the etymological dictionary (“portrait” comes from the French “portrait”, which means the image of the original, “trait pout trait” - “line to line”, “line by line”);
The meaning according to the explanatory dictionary (“portrait” is a polysemantic word: 1) a picturesque, photographic or other image of a person, 2) a description of the appearance of a character in a literary work, the image of a literary hero, 3) the characteristic features of a person (transl., colloquial)).
Conclusions from observations: the portrait as a genre of fine art is not considered by us. Let's go to the details. The adjective "portrait" correlates with the noun "portrait", that is, it denotes correspondence to the appearance of a person, "portrait" was the name given to a room in noble houses where portraits hung. But all these data do not bring us closer to the concept of "portrait sketch".
2. Brainstorming.
Put forward your guesses.
In the phrase, the word "portrait" has a very special meaning. The key word here is likely to be "essay".
An essay is a genre of journalism addressed to a person's personality, telling about a person's activities, his life and views.
Does a portrait essay look like a biography? And what is different?
Yes, the essay and biography are close, because this is a biography of a person. But the important difference is that the essay has an author who expresses his attitude towards the person he is talking about.
In a biography, the main thing is what a person did and when.
In a portrait essay there is a description of appearance, but in a biography this element is optional.
In the biography there is no characterization of a person by other persons who knew him, worked with him.
Sometimes his own speech, some vivid statements, will tell a lot about the person himself.
An essay is essentially like a story. The essay combines the types of speech known to us: a story about a person’s life, a description of his appearance, a discussion about the principles and position of someone who is engaged in any professional activity.
Can a biography convey the inner world of a person, his feelings, moods?
Conclusions from the discussions: from the assumptions made, it is already possible to determine the theme of the portrait essay, the goals and objectives of the author, compositional parts, style and even types of speech.
II. Hypothesis testing.
1. Analysis of the first portrait sketch (the name is hidden from the students).
What hypotheses are supported by this text?
How did you introduce Grigory Alexandrovich Gukovsky?
What is the title of this text?
FATHER
His name is Grigory Alexandrovich Gukovsky. He was a famous scientist, crowds flocked to his lectures... But I am not writing about a scientist whom friends and students know better than me, I am writing about my father and the culture of fatherhood that he possessed.
This was our family tradition: the upbringing of children was led by a man. Whether that's right or not, I don't know. But it happened. And for me, my father has always been the main person.
For as long as I can remember, my father has always worked. In winter, when I got up in the dark, his light was on for a long time - he was sitting at the table. Or he was no longer there: he went to the university to lecture. I had breakfast by myself and went to school with the knowledge that I was also going to work.
Gradually, I began to understand that he had been writing since early morning at his desk. About "Undergrowth", about Krylov and Derzhavin. About the literature of the XVIII century. That is why there are so many old books on its shelves, which I am allowed to touch with the indispensable condition of putting them in the same place.
He loved his books selflessly. I had the right to read them, but neither I nor my mother were allowed to take part in the priesthood: my father always cleaned the books himself. Twice a year he climbed the stairs in the morning with a damp cloth and carefully wiped each little book.
We lived in a wooden house. The stoves in the rooms were old, tiled: mine was blue, his was green. My father stoked these stoves, cleaned the chimneys himself. When I climbed into the pipe after him, he did not drive away, only asked to change clothes. He knew how to do everything ... When my son first climbed the stairs and changed the burnt cork, I felt happy. Until now, a man who does not know how to do any housework with his own hands causes me squeamish bewilderment.
Father honored the concept of home, family. Family was a holiday. The house was led, of course, by the mother. Father loved everything that mother did, and joyfully obeyed her.
I loved him without memory - like a father. But besides that, he was my ideal man. I know: he was ugly, but I understand women who still claim that he was handsome: these are students, those who saw him at work. He taught me to feel like a woman: he moved a chair, always let the door pass in front of him; I don’t remember a single time that when I returned from a trip, I didn’t find flowers in my room ...
There was no topic that he would avoid in conversations with me. Once or twice a month he would spend an entire evening with me reading aloud. Until now, I hear his voice when I re-read Poltava, The Bronze Horseman, Woe from Wit ... - yes, probably almost all Russian classics. He didn't raise me at all. I do not remember a single moralizing, reprimand, no lectures. He was angry with me, as one is angry with an equal person. And he did not hide his life from me - on the contrary, he introduced me, drew me into it, infected me with his life. As a child, I was happy with this.
The father was the strongest, the smartest, the most courageous of all men. Now, having read his letters to friends, I know how difficult, sometimes scary and lonely he used to be, how he grabbed any job so that we would not experience hardships. Then I didn't see it. He was the center of the world, people boiled around him, everyone was interested in him, everyone needed him, he helped everyone.
(According to N.G. Dolinina.)
The text deals with the personality of a well-known literary scholar, his activities, attitude towards family, acquaintances.
This is not a biography, because there are a lot of evaluative words.
Before us is the image of a caring father, an attentive man, a passionate book lover, a philologist.
Conclusions from the analysis of the text: the subject of the essay is a person about whom a certain idea is given, the value orientations of the hero of the essay are shown.
2. Analysis of the second portrait sketch (the title was presented to the students).
Read the text and find out if the title matches the goals and objectives of the author.
Prove that this text is a portrait sketch.
What new elements of the portrait sketch did you notice?
HOUSE ON SOROTI
He gets up at dawn. Fires up the oven. Morning paints crimson tops of window panes. The house, the last one on the estate, begins to blow a light smoke. From the window you can see silver-clad oaks and lindens, snow-covered Sorot, a green-black forest in the distance.
And pichuga gather in the yard. And they are waiting for a person to open the window and pour out onto the roof of the extension, which is located under the window, the daily habitual “ration”, which is so necessary for them, who do not fly away from the northern regions for the winter. Sparrows and tits, bullfinches and jackdaws - how many of them were here at this early hour ... It happens that the owner of the house, Semyon Stepanovich Geichenko, after working late, allows himself to get up an hour later. However, it wasn't there! Politely, but persistently, they will knock on the window: knock-knock-knock... “Have you forgotten? Get up!
“I’m coming, I’m coming,” and the window opens.
In spring and summer, from morning to night, in the forests, groves, in the blue of the sky and over the fields, intertwined with the noise of foliage and the murmur of streams, a discordant jubilant hymn of life flows.
Pushkin, who discovered Russian nature for himself here, having listened, forgot his hardships. And then...
In harmony my rival
There was the noise of the forests, or a violent whirlwind,
Ile orioles melody alive ...
On June 6, 1941, Semyon Stepanovich Geychenko, a museum worker in Leningrad, with a mandate authorized by the Academy of Sciences to organize the Pushkin holiday, ruled the Mikhailovskaya meadow. And maybe then these places, keeping the invisible presence of the poet, sunk into the heart of Geichenko.
The war was still raging when he, thin and pale, after being seriously wounded, in a tunic without shoulder straps, with an empty sleeve, returned here forever.
There was no guardian. The Nazis, retreating, burned down the poet's house. Mines and barbed wire are everywhere in the surrounding groves. Under a three-hundred-year-old oak, the patriarch of the local forests, a pillbox was equipped. Only thanks to the rapid onslaught of our troops, the Nazis did not manage to destroy the Svyatogorsk Monastery, near the white walls of which the ashes of the poet rest.
Everything was in ruins then. People lived in dugouts. But at the beginning of June 1945, people gathered in Mikhailovskaya Glade. A tall, impetuous man, who had just been appointed director of the reserve, was reading Pushkin.
The museum-reserve healed the wounds. In the forests and groves, paths trodden by people coming to Pushkin again appeared. The director and chief custodian of Pushkinogorye moved from the dugout to a house on the edge of the estate. He, too, has been restored, like Pushkin's house, the nanny's house and everything around. Trigorskoye opened, where Pushkin had so many happy moments. Petrovskoye, the estate of the poet's ancestors, was opened. Raised the floors of the district center Pushkinskiye Gory and turned into a modern cozy town.
And many times they suggested to Semyon Stepanovich that he move to a well-appointed apartment, where you don’t have to chop wood and heat the stove, where the rooms don’t get cold in the morning, like in his old house, where you don’t have to walk on water. And he doesn't want to hear about it. Convenience, of course, is a good thing, but will he have what fate has sent him?
In the evening, when the last excursion groups leave the estate, it becomes unusually quiet in Mikhailovsky. The working day is over, full of worries and affairs related to a large household. The director of the reserve again sits down at the window overlooking Sorot. On the table is another manuscript, letters, books. And perhaps at this hour, Alexander Sergeevich himself invisibly and habitually enters. Throwing off his fur coat, he stretches out his chilled hands to the flaming stove. And they have a conversation that began even when the keeper of Pushkinogorye was a little over forty.
Irakli Andronikov, who knew Semyon Stepanovich well, noticed that he lives in some amazing spiritual state of Pushkin's time. For him, our great poet is a contemporary. He seems to know everything about him, as if he had lived with him all his life. He breathes the air that Pushkin breathed, hears the birds that sang to him, sees the same Sorot, the same boundless distances, drinks water from the same well, lives and works side by side with the descendants of those who lived near Pushkin, sang songs to him, told fairy tales, confided his troubles and joys.
All this gave the curator of the museum a happy opportunity to present with the greatest completeness and authenticity the Mikhailov period, which played a huge role in Pushkin's work, the period when he grew from the first poet of his time into the greatest national poet.
“Pushkin and Pushkinogorye live in our minds inseparably, like a native home, native land, native history,” writes S. S. Geichenko, prefaced by one of his books. Everything Pushkin is sacred.
In everything that is done in protected areas, every detail is verified many times, every stroke is not accidental. And therefore the estate and everything around appear as they could have been under Pushkin. And behind all this was the many years of selfless work of the main curator of the museum - Semyon Stepanovich Geichenko.
(According to V. Vorobyov.)
The title contains a certain riddle, a metaphor: the house on Soroti exists thanks to the efforts of the amazing ascetic S.S. Geichenko.
This text is a portrait essay, because it is based on a description of the life path and activities of the director of the Pushkin Reserve. The character of the hero is deployed against the backdrop of an unusual situation - the restoration of the poet's estate. The author admires the talent, perseverance, hard work of his hero.
At the beginning of the essay there is an insert - a landscape sketch.
Conclusion one: a landscape as an element of a portrait essay is needed:
1. as a contrasting comparison between the internal state of the hero and the nature around him,
2. as a means of revealing human character,
3. as a background for a portrait of a hero,
4. as a technique in revealing the worldview positions of the hero.
There are many important details and associations associated with Pushkin's world.
Second conclusion: out of the abundance of impressions, a supporting detail stands out, which serves to create a symbolic image of Pushkin.
Techniques for playing up details in a portrait sketch:
1. figurative interpretation of certain events,
2. creation of associative links,
3. transfer of features of external and internal human manifestations.
In this essay, the image of a person is created through an external and internal portrait.
External portrait properties
The selection of some external details and the opportunity to look into the world of the human soul, into the world of his emotions and feelings.
Communication with the psychological characteristics of the individual.
The manner of dressing, habitual postures, gestures, facial expressions.
Documentary display fidelity.
Properties inner portrait
The character of the hero is given in a non-trivial situation.
It is important to discover such a "section" on the life path of the hero, which contains extraordinary difficulties.
Description of talent, perseverance, diligence and other significant personality traits.
You can use the method of conditionality or resort to associations.
III. Stages of work on a portrait sketch.
Recall the main stages of work:
1. Choosing a hero.
2. Study of sources.
4. Ways of registration.
Let's start in order.
1. Choosing a hero.
What hero can you choose?
You can write about a well-known, close person, about a stranger or a famous person.
People who have fulfilled their destiny, achieved something significant in life.
Heroes affirm certain cultural values.
By a person one can judge the nature of the era, one can take an example of solving life problems from him.
2. Study of sources.
The sources that may be needed are someone's statements, including interviews or quotes from the hero of the future essay, documentary evidence, memoirs, public opinion.
1) Vivid quote.
2) Life path (family, education, hometown, travel, what is famous for).
3) Field (success in creativity, profession).
4) Life principles, credo.
5) Achievements, awards.
6) Plans for the future (realized or not).
4. Ways of registration.
In order for the essay to take place, it is necessary to check its design:
1) Come up with and critically evaluate a title that reflects the main idea.
2) Check the sources to which you will refer, make a list of them.
3) It is not necessary to strive for a complete description of the image of the hero, you can bypass any aspect of the activity, highlighting the main one.
4) Connect the content of the essay with the main idea, giving it originality and novelty.
5) Clearly highlight paragraphs, come up with links between them, observe logic and consistency.
6) Be ethically correct.
7) Verify all facts and statements.
IV. Independent work on the essay at home.
Students' essays
Lisova Ekaterina
Love for native village
At the end of his days, Fedor Alekseevich Abramov, a Russian writer and publicist, said to himself: "... We, peasant children, are poisoned by an inferiority complex for life." It would seem that what could make an accomplished, successful person, a laureate of the State Prize and a happy family man, say such words?
The writer's life has been difficult since childhood. They grew up without a father, and the mother had to raise five children alone. In the third year of study at the Faculty of Philology, the war forced Abramov to go to the front, where something terrible, but surprising at the same time, happened to him.
Fyodor Alekseevich was killed by bullets in his legs during one operation. Almost all of his comrades who took part in it died. And in the evening, when the dead were being collected, one fighter unexpectedly spilled water on the face of Abramov, who was lying motionless, and he groaned. If not for this happy accident, then, perhaps, Fedor Alekseevich would not have survived. And the writer himself considered this incident a real miracle and great luck. Another miracle he considered the event when, when driving along the Road of Life from besieged Leningrad, only the car in which he was driving survived. And all his subsequent life, Fedor Alekseevich worked tirelessly in the name of his dead comrades.
After the war, Abramov continued his studies, entered graduate school, and defended his dissertation. In those years, he met his wife, Lyuda Krutikova, who became for him not only a beloved woman, but also a faithful companion ...
Wherever the life of Fyodor Alekseevich took him, only life in the village excited his heart. He was one of the so-called village writers. In each of his works, love for nature, simple rural people and their lives is visible. The village of Pekashino, described by him in the tetralogy "Brothers and Sisters", became a kind of prototype of his native village of Verkola. And throughout his life, Abramov believed that a lot of things can be changed in the life of society with a word, therefore he often raised sharp questions in his publications, raised problematic topics, and pointed out to people the mismanagement in the village. Responses to such articles came from everywhere.
Fyodor Alekseevich lived only 63 years. He was buried in his native village, near the house built by his hands. They told how the singing of cranes over Verkola was heard at the funeral. The birds seemed to see off the native village writer on his last journey...
Smolyaninov Dmitry
About science fiction writer Kira Bulychev
"Kirill Bulychev" is a pseudonym, and the real name of the famous science fiction writer is Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. Why was this pseudonym chosen? And everything is very simple: it is composed of the name of the wife and the maiden name of the writer's mother. Later, the name "Kirill" on the covers of freshly published volumes began to be shortened to "Kir", and this is how the well-known today "Kir Bulychev" turned out.
Let's briefly talk about the life of this good-natured gray-bearded old man with dark eyes. He graduated from the Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages, worked as a translator and correspondent in Burma for two years, and after returning to his homeland became a researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy and continued to work in this organization until his last days. During his life, he presented world literature with more than four hundred works in the genre of scientific, children's and humorous fiction.
The author of all these wonderful books was not taken seriously by critics for quite a long time. In his own words, "the science fiction writer loses in advance the comparison with the author of essays about rural life, for example, about the plight of steelworkers or about some other revolutionary tragedy." The writer can be understood - he lived and worked in the Soviet Union under the strict gaze of censorship.
And yet, when in the 1980s the magazine "Children's Literature" sent out a questionnaire to libraries asking "Who is the most widely read author?", the answer was almost unanimous: Kir Bulychev. Often young writers added: "Kir Bulychev is the best writer of all time!"
In the last years of his life, the writer turned to historical fiction, wrote several novels from the unfinished cycle "Chronos River", and also published a memoir called "How to become a science fiction writer."
On September 5, 2003, Igor Mozheiko died of cancer. He left, but his covenant remained in our hearts and will burn brightly in them like a dancing spark. This covenant is simple - you just need to tell the truth about the world and man.
Proskurina Tatiana
Vivacious book writer
Cheerfulness, perseverance, smiling, optimism - these words can describe the creed of the modern writer Victoria Tokareva. She was born in Leningrad. As a child, however, young Victoria had little interest in literature and was more attracted to medicine. But - here is the paradox! - She received a musical education.
After her marriage, already in Moscow, working as a singing teacher at a children's music school, she began to write prose. Tokareva attracted the attention of readers with her very first story, which was called "A Day Without Lies."
It is enough to look at the photo of this woman, and the mood is already rising. It seems to me that the secret of the writer's success is 90% in her love of life. According to the statements of Victoria Tokareva, it immediately becomes clear that age for her is just numbers. She herself says this: "Fifty-five years is the youth of old age."
The name of this writer for many has become a kind of symbol of the generation. Tokareva's works are funny and bright. She writes about ordinary people. In them we can recognize ourselves, our actions, we can laugh at some, regret about some. I find her writing to be enjoyable and easy to read. You can open the first page and then not notice how you read everything to the end.
Do not forget that Victoria Tokareva also showed herself as an excellent screenwriter. Many people know her from the films "Mimino" and "Gentlemen of Fortune". Despite her career success, Victoria Samoilovna can be safely called a family man. Although she does not like to talk about her personal life, she does not make a secret of it either. She assures that she went through a lot with her husband, but they managed to save the family and she highly appreciates it.
Readers of Tokareva's book like it for its versatility and emotionality. She truthfully and accurately notices important details, points out those “unpleasant moments” that we ourselves know in the depths of our souls, but are afraid to admit to ourselves. The writer is excited by ordinary, everyday things, from a comical situation she helps to draw deep philosophical conclusions.
Literature
- Gorokhov V.N. Newspaper and magazine genres. - M., 1993.
- Kim M.N. Technology of creating a journalistic work. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of Mikhailov V.A., 2001.
- Portrait sketch / http://rudn.monplezir.ru/ocherk_kak_napisat.htm
- Sulitskaya N.M. Portrait essay / http://festival.1september.ru/articles/504793/
- Shostak M.I. Journalist and his work. - M., 1998.
