Quarrel between Kirsanov and Bazarov. Collisions between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov

I. S. Turgenev reflected in his novel "Fathers and Sons" the conflict that arose between the two socio-political camps in the Russian Federation in the 60s of the XIX century. The writer Yevgeny Bazarov became the spokesman for the ideas of the raznochintsy-democrats. He is opposed in the novel by the liberal nobility, the most prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In order to reflect the conflict of the turning point in the life of the Russian Federation in its entirety, Turgenev brings these two heroes together.

"Who is Bazarov?" - the Kirsanovs ask Arkady and hear the answer: "Nihilist". The views of the "nihilist" and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov were completely opposite. From the very first meeting, they felt a comrade to a friend hostility. Pavel Petrovich, learning that Yevgeny would be visiting them, asked: "This hairy one?" And Bazarov noticed Arkady in the evening: "And your uncle is eccentric." Between them constantly there were contradictions. “We will still have a fight with this doctor, I foresee it,” says Kirsanov.
Let's take a closer look at the main characters of the novel. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the son of a military general in 1812. Graduated from the Corps of Pages. Outwardly, this is a man with a beautiful face, youthfully slender. An aristocrat, an Angloman, he was self-confident, spoiled himself. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel Petrovich retained his aristocratic habits (he wore an English suit and lacquered ankle boots). Bazarov is the granddaughter of a deacon, the son of a county doctor. There is strength and energy in this man. He speaks in a "manly voice," clear and simple. Bazarov's gait is "solid and swiftly bold." In general, in the appearance of Bazarov, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning.

What is the worldview of these heroes of the novel? Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is strongly convinced that the aristocrats won the right to a leading position in society not by origin, but by moral virtues and deeds (“The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it”), that is, the moral norms developed by the aristocrats are the backbone of the human personality.

Kirsanov believes that only immoral people can exist without principles. At the same time, we see that the principles of Pavel Petrovich have nothing to do with his deeds - the life of a typical representative of an aristocratic society passes in idleness.

In contrast, Bazarov accepts only what is useful ("They will tell me the case - I will agree." "At the present time, denial is most useful - we deny"). Continuous work for the benefit of society is the content of Bazarov's life. Turgenev reveals the nature of his work: "Bazarov brought a microscope with him and fiddled with it for hours," he conducts "physical and chemical experiments," that is, he continues his natural science studies in Maryino. Important features of Bazarov's worldview are his atheism and materialism.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov argued the need to deny the way of life. To the question of what he denies, a short answer followed: "Everything." Kirsanov did not recognize such a position in life, which was the basis of the hostility of the heroes. The youth came to destroy and denounce, and someone else will take care of the building. "You deny everything, or, to put it more correctly, you destroy everything. Why, you need to build," Yevgeny Kirsanov says. “This is no longer our business. First we need to clear the place,” Bazarov replies.

With some external similarity in the views of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov on the people, in the main they diverge. To Pavel Petrovich, the religiosity of the people, life according to the rules established by grandfathers, seem to be primordial and valuable features of people's life, they touch him. Bazarov, however, hates these qualities: "The people believe that when thunder rumbles, this is Elijah the prophet in a chariot driving around the sky. Well? Do I agree with him?" The same features inherent in folk life are called the heroes of the novel in different ways, and are evaluated differently. Pavel Petrovich says: "He (the people) cannot exist without faith." Bazarov, on the other hand, believes that "the grossest superstition is choking him."

They also argue about poetry, art, philosophy. Bazarov amazes and irritates Kirsanov with his cold-blooded thoughts about the denial of personality, everything spiritual. From Bazarov's point of view, "reading Pushkin is a lost time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous." As a true materialist, he perceives nature as a "workshop", and "man is a worker in it." “I will die, and burdock will grow out of me,” Bazarov says pragmatically. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, admires nature, loves art.

The maximalism of Bazarov, who believes that one can and should rely in everything only on one's own experience and one's own feelings, leads to the denial of art, since art is just a generalization and artistic interpretation of someone else's experience. The nihilist believes that art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from work. All this is "romanticism", "nonsense". It seemed blasphemous to Bazarov to "talk about" art, "unconscious creativity" when "the matter is about daily bread."

In the disputes between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov, one wants to take the side of one or the other. It seems to me that both of these heroes of Turgenev were right in some ways, but wrong in some ways. But in general, Bazarov, personifying the younger generation, has advantages: he is characterized by novelty of thoughts, high efficiency, dedication. He is closer to ordinary people, because courtyard people are drawn to him. (Bazarov "possessed a special ability to arouse confidence in the lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them casually," Turgenev describes). The principles and ideals of the fathers are becoming a thing of the past. This is especially clearly shown in the scene of the duel between Kirsanov and Bazarov. "The duel," wrote Turgenev, "was introduced to demonstrate the emptiness of elegantly noble chivalry, which is exaggeratedly comical."

Both Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are shown by Turgenev as outstanding personalities. Due to circumstances, they became spokesmen for the ideas of two different eras, as well as different social camps - aristocratic and revolutionary-democratic. That is why the conflict between them is so deep. Using his example, Turgenev clearly shows us the burning problems of the 60s of the XIX century. The skill of the author of the novel "Fathers and Sons" allows us to feel the atmosphere of this turning point in the life of the Russian Federation.

I. S. Turgenev reflected in his novel “Fathers and Sons” the conflict that arose between the two socio-political camps in the Russian Federation in the 60s of the XIX century. The writer Yevgeny Bazarov became the spokesman for the ideas of the raznochintsy-democrats. He is opposed in the novel by the liberal nobility, the most prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In order to reflect the conflict of the turning point in the life of the Russian Federation in its entirety, Turgenev brings these two heroes together.

"Who is Bazarov?" - the Kirsanovs ask Arkady and hear the answer: “Nihilist”. The views of the "nihilist" and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov were completely opposite. From the very first meeting, they felt a comrade to a friend hostility. Pavel Petrovich, having learned that Evgeny would be visiting them, asked: “This hairy one?” And Bazarov noticed Arkady in the evening: “And your uncle is eccentric.” Between them constantly there were contradictions. “We will still have a fight with this doctor, I foresee it,” says Kirsanov.

Let's take a closer look at the main characters of the novel. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the son of a military general in 1812. Graduated from the Corps of Pages. Outwardly, this is a man with a beautiful face, youthfully slender. An aristocrat, an Angloman, he was self-confident, spoiled himself. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel Petrovich retained his aristocratic habits (he wore an English suit and lacquered ankle boots). Bazarov is the granddaughter of a deacon, the son of a county doctor. There is strength and energy in this man. He speaks in a "manly voice," clear and simple. Bazarov's gait is "solid and swiftly bold." In general, in the appearance of Bazarov, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning.

What is the worldview of these heroes of the novel? Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is strongly convinced that the aristocrats won the right to a leading position in society not by origin, but by moral virtues and deeds (“The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it”), that is, the moral norms developed by the aristocrats are the support of the human personality.

Kirsanov believes that only immoral people can exist without principles. At the same time, we see that the principles of Pavel Petrovich have nothing to do with his deeds - the life of a typical representative of an aristocratic society passes in idleness.

The title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" very accurately reflects the main conflict of the work. The writer raises a layer of cultural, family, romantic, platonic and friendly topics, but the relations of two generations - older and younger - come to the fore. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is a vivid example of this confrontation. The historical background for ideological conflicts was the middle of the 19th century, the time before the abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire. At the same time, liberals and revolutionary democrats clashed head-on. We will consider the details and outcome of the controversy using the example of our heroes.

The central conflict of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov

It is a mistake to believe that the essence of the work "Fathers and Sons" is reduced to a mere change in the ideology of generations, which has a socio-political overtones. Turgenev endowed this novel with deep psychologism and a multi-layered plot. With a superficial reading, the reader's focus is only on the conflict between the aristocracy and the raznochintsy. Helps to identify the views held by Bazarov and Kirsanov, dispute. The table below shows the essence of these contradictions. And if we dig deeper, we can see that there is an idyll of family happiness, and intrigue, and emancipation, and the grotesque, and the eternity of nature, and reflections on the future.

Yevgeny Bazarov finds himself in the midst of a conflict between fathers and children when he agrees to come to Maryino with his university friend Arkady. In the house of a friend, the atmosphere immediately went wrong. Manners, appearance, divergence of views - all this provokes mutual antipathy with Uncle Arkady. A further dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov flares up over a variety of topics: art, politics, philosophy, the Russian people.

Portrait of Evgeny Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov is a representative of the generation of "children" in the novel. He is a young student with progressive views, but at the same time prone to nihilism, which the "fathers" condemn. Turgenev, as if on purpose, dressed the hero ridiculously and carelessly. The details of his portrait emphasize the rudeness and spontaneity of the young man: a wide forehead, red hands, self-confident behavior. Bazarov, in principle, is outwardly unattractive, but has a deep mind.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is aggravated by the fact that the former does not recognize any dogmas and authorities. Eugene is convinced that any truth begins with a doubt. The hero also believes that everything can be verified empirically, he does not accept judgments on faith. The situation is aggravated by Bazarov's intolerance for opposing opinions. He is emphatically harsh in his statements.

Portrait of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical nobleman, a representative of the generation of "fathers". He is a pampered aristocrat and a staunch conservative who adheres to liberal political views. He dresses elegantly and neatly, wears formal English-style suits and starches his collars. Bazarov's opponent is outwardly very well-groomed, elegant in manners. He shows his "breed" in every way.

From his point of view, established traditions and principles should remain unshakable. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is reinforced by the fact that Pavel Petrovich perceives everything new negatively and even hostilely. Here, congenital conservatism makes itself felt. Kirsanov bows before the old authorities, only they are true for him.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov: a table of disagreements

The main problem has already been voiced by Turgenev in the title of the novel - the difference between generations. The line of dispute between the main characters can be traced in this table.

Who are the nihilists

The ideas of nihilism are clearly manifested in the confrontation of opponents, which are Pavel Kirsanov, Bazarov. The dispute exposes the rebellious spirit of Yevgeny Bazarov. He does not bow before the authorities, and this unites him with the revolutionary democrats. The hero questions and denies everything he sees in society. This is the characteristic of nihilists.

Story line outcome

In general, Bazarov belongs to the category of people of action. He does not accept conventions and pretentious aristocratic etiquette. The hero is in a daily search for the truth. One of these searches is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov. The table clearly shows the contradictions between them.

Kirsanov is good at polemics, but things do not go beyond conversations. He talks about the life of the common people, but only an ashtray in the shape of a bast shoes on his desktop speaks of his true connection with him. Pavel Petrovich talks with pathos about serving for the good of the Motherland, while he himself lives a well-fed and calm life.

Because of the uncompromising character of the characters, the truth is not born in the novel "Fathers and Sons". The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov ends with a duel, which demonstrates the emptiness of noble chivalry. The collapse of the ideas of nihilism is identified with the death of Eugene from blood poisoning. And the passivity of the liberals is confirmed by Pavel Petrovich, since he remains to live in Dresden, although life away from his homeland is hard for him.

The purpose of the lesson: to create conditions for understanding what is presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" of the conflict of two generations as a reflection of the socio-political struggle of the 60s of the 19th century, understanding the essence of ideological differences between the main characters: E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov, to contribute to the rethinking of the concept of "man and era". This lesson uses the technology of differentiated learning. To create a situation of success, students are offered tasks of two levels: "4" and "5". The student, exercising his right to choose, chooses independently the task that he can successfully complete.

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LITERATURE LESSON IN 10 CLASS

Topic: Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - generational conflict

Or a conflict of ideologies? (Based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".)

Target: To create conditions for understanding what is presented in the novel by I.S.

Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" of the conflict of two generations as a reflection

Socio-political struggle of the 60s of the XIX century, understanding

The essence of ideological differences between E. Bazarov and P.P.

Kirsanov, to contribute to the rethinking of the concept of "human and

Epoch.

During the classes:

I. Organizational moment. Psychological mood of students.

II. Introduction by the teacher. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Fathers and sons... These two words contain the meaning of one of the eternal themes of art, the eternal problems that human society has been occupied with throughout its development.

Time moves, people change, one generation is replaced by another, the “present century” is on the threshold of the “past century”, and yet this problem remains insoluble. But at different times, it either escalates, or, as it were, weakens.

In an era of social upheaval, in the process of reassessment of values ​​by the new generation, too much of the accumulated "fathers" is sometimes, unfortunately, lost. But only a deep spiritual connection with the past gives mankind a future.

Having read and comprehended the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", we will understand the contradictions of the era of the 60s of the XIX century, and at the same time enrich ourselves with experience and knowledge that will help us navigate our own era.

Today the topic of our lesson is: “Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - a conflict of generations or a conflict of ideologies? (According to the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".)".

Our goal: to understand why between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov there are disagreements, what is the essence of these disagreements; to find out what is the nature of the conflict presented on the pages of the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

III. Student's individual message.

Historical information about the era of the late 50s - early 60s of the XIX century.

Let's see what is the historical content of the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861. the events described in this work take place from 1855 to 1861. It was a difficult period for Russia. In 1855, the war with Turkey, lost by Russia, ended. This shameful defeat showed Russia's backwardness both militarily and economically in a collision with more advanced capitalist states, and exposed the main reason for the country's impotence - serfdom.

The most important event in domestic politics also took place: the change of reign. Nicholas I died, his death ended the era of repression, the era of the suppression of public liberal thought. During the reign of Alexander II in Russia, the education of various segments of the population flourished. Raznochintsy are becoming a real social force, while the aristocracy is losing its leading role.

Of course, the education that the raznochintsy received was fundamentally different from that of the nobility. Aristocratic youth studied "for themselves", that is, it was education in the name of education itself. Raznochintsy, on the other hand, had neither the means nor the time for such a luxury as broadening their horizons. They needed to get a profession that would feed them. For the revolutionary-minded youth, the task was somewhat more complicated. Their business was not only to ensure their existence, but also to bring real benefits to people. Any pursuit of science, scientific creativity should have both theoretical and practical results. This attitude to the quickly achievable practical effect of scientific activity determined a narrow circle of specialties, which were mainly chosen by raznochintsy. Mostly it was the natural sciences. The fascination with them is also explained by the fact that the "religion" of the revolutionary-democratic youth has become materialism, and in its lowest manifestation - vulgar materialism, which completely denied the entire spiritual world of man.

The 60s of the 19th century was a period of a turning point in the public consciousness of Russia, when noble liberalism was supplanted by revolutionary democratic thinking.

"Fathers and Sons" is a brilliant example of the close connection between literature and social life, an example of the writer's ability to respond in an artistic form to the current phenomena of our time.

IV. Work on new material.

Let us see how the features of this era were reflected in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". As usual, I offer you questions of varying degrees of difficulty. and you choose for yourself those that you can perform.

1. Let's find out what first impressions and why the characters had with each other.

"4" How do the characters see each other?

(Description of the portrait of Bazarov (ch. II), P.P. Kirsanov (ch. IV)

"5" What does the description of appearance give for understanding the character of a person?

(Irony and calmness are betrayed by Bazarov’s smile, self-confidence and intelligence are visible in his face, masculinity is felt in his voice. Clothing exposes democracy and simplicity of habits in him, bare red hands testify to the whole fate of a person - harsh and labor. The fact that this is not a nobleman , and a man of a different circle, Pavel Petrovich saw right away.“Hairy,” as Pavel Petrovich called Bazarov, at that time there were commoners, plebeians hated by the nobles.

In the portrait of Pavel Petrovich, one can immediately feel his aristocracy, refinement of tastes, the desire for foppery and the acrimony (irritability, anger) of his character. The archaism and senselessness of aristocracy are immediately evident.

Pavel Petrovich - a man of the old world, an "archaic phenomenon" - Bazarov saw this. A democrat, a nihilist, and even with self-respect - this, in turn, Kirsanov understood.)

"4" How are the impressions of the characters about each other?

(Through the statements of the characters and their behavior (Ch. IV, V, VI, X). The firmness and harshness of Bazarov is expressed in the statement: “An archaic phenomenon.” Pavel Petrovich’s observations of Bazarov, made immediately, lead to the coldness of Pavel Petrovich’s greeting: “ Pavel Petrovich bent his flexible waist slightly and smiled slightly, but he did not extend his hand and even put it back in his pocket." Pavel Petrovich began to hate Bazarov.)

"5" Why are there such impressions about each other?

(Bazarov and Kirsanov belong to different generations, they are people who are different in their social status and psychological makeup, for all their restraint, an open ideological conflict must inevitably arise between them.)

2. How was the clash between the heroes brewing?

(An excerpt from ch.X. is read.)

3. We analyze the dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in Chapter X.

But first, let's pay attention to the words and expressions in the text that you may not understand.

vocabulary work

Principle - belief, view of things.

Patriarchal -obsolete, obsolete, traditional, conservative.

Revealer - a person who severely reproaches, exposes, revealing something unseemly, harmful.

"... our artists never set foot in the Vatican." -In the Vatican (the residence of the popes in Rome) there are many museums with the most valuable monuments of art. Here we mean the Wanderers.

So, the dispute between the heroesin the X chapter it goes along 4 lines.

1. On the attitude towards the aristocracy and its principles.

2. On the principles of the activity of nihilists.

3. On the attitude towards the Russian people.

4. About the attitude to the beautiful.

1) In what way does each of the heroes see the merits of the aristocracy?

Does Pavel Petrovich understand who won the argument?("turned pale")

2) What does Pavel Petrovich reproach the nihilists for?

Do nihilists have principles?

3) What is the weak side of Bazarov's political views?

4) What is the attitude of the heroes towards the people?

In which of the arguing "a man is more likely to recognize a compatriot"? Prove it with the text of the novel.

(The attitude of children to Bazarov (Chapter V), servants, Dunyasha, Fenechka. “Your brother, not a master,” is the conclusion of the peasants about Bazarov. For Pavel Petrovich, ordinary people are dirty peasants, without whom, however, one cannot do. Therefore, he winces and sniffs the cologne when he talks to them. Common people, including Fenechka, are afraid of Pavel Petrovich.)

In the speech of which of the heroes is the "national spirit" visible?

5) What is the difference between the characters in their views on art?

Is Bazarov right in his rejection of art?

6) What is Bazarov's attitude to nature?

7) Do those who argue convince each other?

(“Bazarov, in my opinion, constantly breaks Pavel Petrovich, and not vice versa,” I.S. Turgenev wrote to one of his acquaintances. And in these words of the writer, his understanding of the spiritual superiority of a democrat over the nobility was expressed.)

9) Let's make a conclusion: can these heroes live in peace and harmony? Can there be reconciliation and unity between them?

V. Vocabulary work.

Antagonism - irreconcilable contradiction.

Antagonist - implacable adversary.

Ideology - a system of views, ideas that characterize some social group, class, political party, society.

VI. Consolidation.

1. Given what you know about Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, compare their life positions.

1) Origin, social affiliation.

(Pavel Petrovich, the son of a general, walked along the beaten path in life, everything was easy for him. He belongs to the upper class.

Bazarov is the son of a county doctor, the grandson of a serf. “My grandfather plowed the land,” the hero says proudly. He is a commoner, a native of the common people.)

2) The degree of education.

3) Lifestyle.

4) Beliefs.

(Bazarov is a man of firm democratic convictions. Pavel Petrovich does not have any convictions, they have been replaced by habits that he cherishes. He habitually talks about the rights and obligations of the aristocracy and out of habit proves the need for “principles” in disputes. He is used to those ideas on which society rests, and stands for these ideas as for his comfort.He hates that anyone refute these concepts, although in fact he has no heartfelt affection for them.)

2. What is the meaning of comparing Bazarov with Pavel Petrovich?

(I.S. Turgenev placed the democrat Bazarov with one of the best representatives of the noble class, showed the superiority of the democrat over the aristocrat, and thereby expressed the idea of ​​the insolvency of the nobility.)

VII. Generalization.

1. What is the essence of the disagreement between the characters? What is it - a conflict of generations or a conflict of ideologies?

2. How was the social and political struggle of the late 50s - early 60s of the XIX century reflected in the main conflict?

(The novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political trends in Russia in the second half of the 19th century - liberal nobles and revolutionary democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of representatives of these trends - the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Turgenev raises questions that worried the progressive people of that time: what is the difference between revolutionary democrats and liberals, how should one treat the people, work, science, art, what transformations are needed in society, in what ways they can be achieved. Fathers and children" these issues are reflected in disputes, "fights" between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.)

VIII. Homework.

Today in the lesson we followed the development of the conflict of the novel in comparison of Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov, there is another serious clash ahead of them. in the next lesson, we will follow the development of Bazarov's conflict with the world of nobility. To do this, you need to read chapters XII - XIX and answer the questions:

"4" What kind of relationship did Bazarov have with Odintsova and why?

"5" How did Bazarov stand the "test of love"?

IX. Summary of the lesson.

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I. S. Turgenev reflected in his novel "Fathers and Sons" the conflict that arose between the two socio-political camps in Russia in the 60s of the XIX century. Yevgeny Bazarov became the spokesman for the ideas of the raznochintsev democrats. He is opposed in the novel by the liberal nobility, the most prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In order to reflect the conflict of a crucial time in the life of Russia in its entirety, Turgenev pushes these two heroes together. "Who is Bazarov?" - They ask Kirsanov in Arcadia and hear the answer: "Nihilist". The views of the "nihilist" and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov were completely opposite. From the very first meeting, they felt hostility towards each other. Pavel Petrovich, having learned that Yevgeny would be visiting them, asked: “Is this hairy one?” And Bazarov noticed Arkady in the evening: “And your uncle is eccentric. There were always contradictions between them. “We will still have a fight with this doctor, I I have a presentiment,” says Kirsanov.

Let's take a closer look at the main characters of the novel. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the son of a military general in 1812. Graduated from the Corps of Pages. Outwardly, this is a man with a good face, but youthful slender. An aristocrat, an Angloman, he was self-confident, spoiled himself. Living in the village with my brother, Pavel. Petrovich retained aristocratic habits (he wore an English suit and lacquer ones. Half boots. Bazarov is the grandson of a deacon, the son of a county doctor. This man feels strength, energy. He speaks in a “courageous voice”, clearly and simply. Bazarov’s procession is “solid and swiftly bold. In In general, in the appearance of Bazarov, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning. What is the worldview of these heroes of the novel? Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is deeply convinced that the aristocrats won the right to a leading position in society not by origin, but by moral dignity and deeds ("The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it" ), i.e. the moral standards developed by aristocrats are the backbone of the human personality. Kirsanov believes that only immoral people can live without principles. At the same time, we see that the principles of Pavel Petrovich have nothing to do with his deeds - the life of a typical representative of the society passes in idleness, unlike him, Bazarov accepts only what is useful o ("They will tell me the case - I will agree" "At present, denial is most useful - we deny." Continuous work for the benefit of society is the content of Bazarov's life. Turgenev reveals the nature of his work: “Bazarov brought a microscope with him and fiddled with it for hours, he conducts“ physical and chemical experiments ”, that is, he continues his scientific studies in Maryino. Important features of Bazarov's worldview are his atheism and materialism.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov argued the need to deny the way of life. When asked what he denies, he gives a short answer: "Everything." Kirsanov did not recognize such a position in life, which was the basis of the hostility of the heroes. Young people have come to destroy and denounce, and someone else will take care of the building. “You deny everything, or, to be more precise, you destroy everything. This is how you need to build, ”says Evgeny Kirsanov. “It's not our business anymore. Clear the place first, ”Bazarov replies. Despite some outward similarity in the views of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov on the people, in the main they diverge. To Pavel Petrovich, the religiosity of the people, life according to the rules established by grandfathers, seem to be primordial and valuable features of people's life, they touch him. Bazarov, these qualities are hateful: “The people think that when the thunder rumbles, this is Elijah the prophet in a chariot driving around the sky. What? Should I agree with him? “The same features inherent in folk life are called the heroes of the novel in different ways, and are evaluated differently. Pavel Petrovich says: "He (the people) cannot live without faith." Bazarov, on the other hand, believes that “gross superstition is choking him. They also argue about poetry, art, philosophy. Bazarov amazes and irritates Kirsanov with his cold-blooded thoughts about the denial of personality, everything spiritual. From Bazarov's point of view, “reading Pushkin is a waste of time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous. As a true materialist, he perceives nature as a "workshop", and "man is a worker in it." “I will die, and burdock will grow out of me,” Bazarov says pragmatically. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, admires nature, loves art. The maximalism of Bazarov, who believes that one can and should rely in everything only on one's own experience and one's own feelings, leads to the denial of art, since art is just a generalization and artistic interpretation of someone else's experience. The nihilist believes that art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from work. All this is "romanticism", "nonsense". Bazarov seemed blasphemous to "talk about" art, "unconscious creativity" when "we are talking about daily bread. In the disputes between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov, one wants to take the side of one or the other. It seems to me that both of these heroes of Turgenev were right in what and wrong in what. But in general, Bazarov, personifying the younger generation, has advantages: he has a novelty of thoughts, high efficiency, dedication. He is closer to ordinary people, because people are drawn to him. (Bazarov "possessed a special ability to inspire trust in the lower people, although he never indulged them and did not treat them carelessly," writes Turgenev). The principles and ideals of the fathers are becoming a thing of the past. This is especially clearly shown in the scene of the duel between Kirsanov and Bazarov.

“The duel,” wrote Turgenev, “was introduced to demonstrate the emptiness of elegant noble chivalry, exaggerated by the comic.

Both Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are portrayed by Turgenev as outstanding personalities. Due to circumstances, they became spokesmen for the ideas of two different eras, as well as various social camps - aristocratic and revolutionary-democratic. That is why the conflict between them is so deep. Using his example, Turgenev clearly shows us the burning problems of the 60s of the XIX century. The skill of the author of the novel "Fathers and Sons" allows us to feel the atmosphere of this turning point in the life of Russia.