Arguments for writing the exam - a large collection. Problems and arguments for an essay on the exam in Russian on the topic: Good

1) “Although war may perhaps aim at peace, it is an undeniable evil.” (Lao Tzu)

2) “War is a disease. Like typhoid." (Saint-Exupery A.)

3) “To be created to create, to love and conquer is to be created to live in the world. But war teaches us to lose everything and become what we were not.” (Camus A.)

4) "Most great evil what the enemy can do to us is to accustom our hearts to hatred.” (F. La Rochefoucauld)

5) “War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be taken strictly and seriously. It's all about this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. (L.N. Tolstoy)

6) “There was already no one between the squadron and the enemies, except for small sidings. Empty space, three hundred fathoms, separated them from him. The enemy stopped firing, and the more clearly felt that strict, formidable, impregnable and elusive line that separates the two enemy troops ... "

“One step beyond this line, reminiscent of the line separating the living from the dead, and - the uncertainty of suffering and death. And what's there? who's there? there, behind this field, and a tree, and a roof lit by the sun? Nobody knows, and one wants to know; and it’s scary to cross this line, and I want to cross it; and you know that sooner or later you will have to cross it and find out what is there, on the other side of the line, just as it is inevitable to find out what is there, on the other side of death. And he himself is strong, healthy, cheerful and irritable, and surrounded by such healthy and irritably lively people. So if he does not think, then every person who is in sight of the enemy feels, and this feeling gives a special brilliance and joyful sharpness of impressions to everything that happens at these moments. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Argumentation:

1. "The Tale of the Devastation of Ryazan by Batu" (translated by D.S. Likhachev)

“And on the sixth day, early in the morning, the filthy ones went to the city - some with fires, others with battering rams, and still others with countless ladders - and took the city of Ryazan in the month of December on the 21st day. And they came to the cathedral church Holy Mother of God, and the Grand Duchess Agrippina, the mother of the Grand Duke, with her daughters-in-law, and other princesses, they cut with swords, and they betrayed the bishop and priests to fire - they burned them in the holy church, and many others fell from weapons. And in the city of many people, and wives, and children, they flogged with swords, and drowned others in the river, and flogged priests and monks without a trace, and burned the whole city, and all the glorified beauty, and the wealth of Ryazan, and relatives of the Ryazan princes - the princes of Kyiv and Chernigov - captured. And they destroyed the temples of God and shed a lot of blood in the holy altars. And not a single living thing remained in the city: they still died and drank a single cup of death. There was no moaning, no crying - no father and mother for children, no children for father and mother, no brother for brother, no relatives for relatives, but all lay dead together. And it was all for our sins.”
The author of The Tale, describing the battlefield, recreating for the reader a picture of the ruin and burning of a Russian city, remembers the feelings of his readers and expresses what he saw with the help of traditional formulas.
“And Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich went to where his brethren were beaten by the wicked king Batu: Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich of Ryazan, his brother Prince Davyd Ingvarevich, his brother Vsevolod Ingvarevich, and many local princes, and boyars, and governors, and all the army, and daring, and frisky, patterned Ryazan. They all lay on the devastated ground, on feather grass, frozen with snow and ice, not being served by anyone. The beasts ate their bodies, and many birds devoured them. All lay, all died together, they drank a single cup of death.
Death in "The Tale ..." is poeticized: people lie on the ground "devastated", "frozen with snow and ice", they "drank the cup of death". Keeping in mind the historical time, we can assume how ugly and severe the wounds of the participants in the battle were, how terrible the picture of the city destroyed by Batu’s troops was, but this is not conveyed in the text. But this does not indicate the powerlessness of the work of art in recreating reality. This speaks of the wisdom of the creator of the Tale, of the humanity of ancient Russian literature.

2. "Valerik" (M.Yu. Lermontov)

• As soon as the convoy got out
• It was a terrible silence
• It didn't last long
• But in this strange expectation
• Not one heart beat.
• Suddenly a volley ... we look: they lie in rows,
• What needs? local shelves
• The people tested ... With hostility,
• More friendly! resounded behind us.
• The blood caught fire in my chest!
• All officers ahead...
• On horseback rushed to the rubble
• Who did not have time to jump off the horse ...
• Hurray - and fell silent. - Out daggers,
• In butts! - and the massacre began.
• And two hours in the jets of the stream
• The fight went on. cut brutally
• Like animals, silently, with breasts,
• The stream was blocked with bodies.
• I wanted to scoop up water ...
• (And the heat and the battle tired
• me), but muddy wave
• It was warm, it was red.

M.Yu. Lermontov, who considered the war to be the destruction of the beauty of the world, the unity of man and nature, accurately expresses this idea in the episode of the poem "Valerik". Showing the madness of what is happening, Lermontov likens people to wild animals and calls the battle a "massacre". The stream is dammed with corpses, its waters, poisoned by death, turn red. Just a few strokes - and the horror of what happened is conveyed to the reader. The emotionality of the hero's monologue enhances the impression:

• I thought: pathetic man,
• What does he want! ... the sky is clear,
• Under the sky there is a lot of space for everyone,
• But incessantly and in vain
• He alone is at enmity - why?

3. "War and Peace" (L.N. Tolstoy)

L.N. Tolstoy shows the Borodino field after the battle. In order to express disgust, horror, pain, suffering from what he saw, Tolstoy makes the silent Nature “speak”. The rain, dripping "on the dead, on the wounded, and on the exhausted people," seems to say: "Enough, enough, people. Stop...Remember. What are you doing?"

4. "Quiet Don" (Sholokhov M. A.)

The picture of the battlefield that took place between Russians and Germans during the First World War near the village of Svinyuhi made even Cossacks accustomed to the horrors of war shudder. The corpses lay rolling, in "obscene and terrible" poses, the earth was blown up, the grass crushed by the wheels of the wagon resembles scars. There is a "sweet, heavy" smell of carrion in the air. Kazakov was struck by the appearance of the young lieutenant, who continued to remain handsome even after his death; they are shocked at the sight of a dead soldier, still a boy, who was overtaken by an enemy bullet. Witnesses of this spectacle lament, looking at the boy: he must not have had a chance to know the sweetness of a girl's kiss. “Where are they so heaped up?” - those who just as ruthlessly crack down on the enemy ask themselves. Apparently, there is no limit to human cruelty.

• Updated: May 31, 2016
• Author: Mironova Marina Viktorovna

You need to use at least 1 of your arguments, taken from an artistic, journalistic or scientific literature. The most common examples are from fiction, since these works are held in literature lessons as part of the school curriculum.

Let's bring sample list literature, arguments from which you can take to justify your point of view. It is compiled on the basis of works from which arguments are most often given when writing. USE essays In Russian. The list is sorted alphabetically by author's last name.

It should be noted that this list of references is not strictly defined and is only a recommendation. Arguments can be given from any other works, the main thing is that they correspond to the main problem of the text. It is also not necessary to read all the works below, it is enough for each topic that the text can be devoted to, prepare 2 arguments from some works.

List of literature for the arguments of the composition of the exam in the Russian language

The question of the goal and the means to achieve it has troubled mankind since ancient times. Many writers, philosophers and public figures pondered over it and cited historical, life and literary arguments to prove my point. In the Russian classics, too, there were many answers and examples proving, as a rule, the assertion that the paths of achievement must correspond in everything to what needs to be achieved, otherwise it loses all meaning. In this selection, we have listed the most striking and illustrative examples from Russian literature for the final essay in the "Aims and Means" direction.

1. Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" main character always chose the right ways to achieve goals, however, no less noble. Thanks to this, from an unintelligent noble undergrowth, Grinev turns into an officer, sincere, ready to sacrifice his life in the name of duty. Having sworn allegiance to the empress, he honestly performs his service, protecting the fortress, and even death at the hands of rebel robbers does not frighten him. Just as honestly, he sought the favor of Masha, and achieved. The antipode of Pyotr Grinev in the novel - Shvabrin - on the contrary, uses any means to achieve the goal, choosing the meanest of them. Having embarked on the path of betrayal, he pursues personal gain, demands reciprocity from Masha, and does not hesitate to slander her in the eyes of Peter. In choosing goals and means, Aleksey is driven by spiritual cowardice and self-interest, because he is devoid of ideas of honor and conscience. Mary rejects him for this reason, because a good goal cannot be achieved by deceit.
2. What should be the ultimate goal if cruelty, deceit and human lives become the means to achieve it? In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time", Grigory Pechorin's goals are momentary, they are contained in the desire for second victories, to achieve which he chooses complex, and sometimes cruel, means. Hidden in his victories is a persistent search life meaning which the hero cannot acquire. In this search, he destroys not only himself, but also everyone who surrounds him - Princess Mary, Bela, Grushnitsky. To revive his own soul, he plays with the feelings of others, unwittingly becoming the cause of their misfortunes. But in the game with own life Gregory hopelessly loses, loses those few people who were dear to him. “I realized that chasing lost happiness is reckless,” he says, and the goal, which requires so much effort and other people's grief, turns out to be illusory and unattainable.
3. In comedy A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”, the society in which Chatsky is forced to be lives according to market laws, where everything is bought and sold, and a person is not valuable spiritual qualities, but the size of the wallet and career success. Nobility and duty are nothing here before the importance of rank and rank. That is why Alexander Chatsky is misunderstood and not accepted into a circle dominated by mercantile goals that justify any means.
   He comes to grips with Famus Society, challenges Molchalin, who goes to deceit and hypocrisy in order to get a high position. Even in love, Alexander turns out to be a loser, because he does not desecrate the goal with vile means, he refuses to squeeze the breadth and nobility of his heart into the narrow framework of generally accepted and vulgar concepts that Famusov's house is full of.
4. A person is valued by his deeds. But not always his deeds, even if subordinated to a high goal, turn out to be good. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Rodion Raskolnikov decides for himself an important question from the point of view of morality: does the end justify the means? Can he, according to his theory, dispose of people's lives as he sees fit?
   The answer lies in the title of the novel: mental anguish Raskolnikov, after the atrocity he committed, prove that his calculation was incorrect, and the theory was erroneous. The goal, which is based on unrighteous and inhumane means, depreciates by itself, becomes a crime, for which sooner or later one will have to be punished.
5. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don» The fate of the heroes is swept away by the revolutionary elements. Grigory Melekhov, who sincerely believes in a happy and wonderful communist future, is ready to give his life for the well-being and prosperity of his native land. But in the context of life, bright revolutionary ideas turn out to be untenable, dead. Gregory understands that the struggle between the Whites and the Reds, seemingly aimed at a "beautiful tomorrow", is in fact violence and reprisals against the helpless and those who disagree. Brilliant slogans turn out to be deceit, and cruelty and arbitrariness of the means are hidden behind the lofty goal. The nobility of the soul does not allow him to come to terms with the evil and injustice that he observes around. Tormented by doubts and contradictions, Gregory is trying to find the only right way that will allow him to live honestly. He is unable to justify the numerous murders committed in the name of a ghostly idea in which he no longer believes.
6. Roman A. Solzhenitsyn "The Gulag Archipelago" - a study related to political history USSR, according to Solzhenitsyn - "experience artistic research”, in which the author analyzes the history of the country - a utopia that builds an ideal world on the ruins of human lives, numerous victims and lies disguised as humane goals. The price for the illusion of happiness and peace, in which there is no place for individuality and dissent, turns out to be too high. The problematic of the novel is diverse, since it includes many questions. moral character: Is it possible to justify evil in the name of good? What unites victims and their executioners? Who is responsible for the mistakes made? Supported by rich biographical, research material, the book leads the reader to the problem of ends and means, convincing him that one does not justify the other.
7. It is human nature to search for happiness as the main meaning of life, its highest goal. For her sake, he is ready to use any means, but does not understand that this is unnecessary. The main character of the story V.M. Shukshin "Boots" - to Sergei Dukhanin - manifestations tender feelings are by no means easy, because he is not used to unjustified tenderness and is even ashamed of it. But the desire to please his loved one, the desire for happiness, pushes him to a big waste. The money spent on buying an expensive gift turns out to be an unnecessary sacrifice, because his wife only needed attention. Generosity and the desire to give warmth and care fill the somewhat coarsened, but still sensitive soul of the hero with happiness, which, as it turned out, is not so difficult to find.
8. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" the problem of purpose and means is revealed in the confrontation between two characters - Sleigh and Chamomile. Each of them is driven by their own goals, each decides what is really important to him. In search of solutions, their paths diverge, fate confronts them in a duel that determines moral guidelines of each, proves the noble strength of one, and the vile baseness of the other. Sanya is driven by honest sincere aspirations, he is ready for a difficult but direct path to find out the truth and prove it to others. Chamomile, on the other hand, pursues petty goals, achieving them in no less petty ways: lies, betrayal and hypocrisy. Each of them is going through the painful problem of choice, in which it is so easy to lose yourself and those you truly love.
9. A person is not always clearly aware of his goal. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky is in search of himself and his place in life. His shaky life guidelines are influenced by fashion, society, the opinion of friends and relatives. He raves about glory and military exploits, dreams of making a career in the service, but not just rising to high ranks, but gaining eternal glory as a winner and hero. He goes to war, the cruelty and horrors of which instantly showed him all the absurdity and illusory nature of his dreams. He is not ready, like Napoleon, to go to glory over the bones of soldiers. Desire to live and do wonderful life other people set new goals for Bolkonsky. Meeting with Natasha instills love in his soul. However, in a moment that requires stamina and understanding from him, he gives up under the weight of circumstances and renounces his love. He is again tormented by doubts about the correctness of his own goals, and only before his death Andrei realizes that the best moments of life, its great gifts are contained in love, forgiveness and compassion.
10. Character makes a person. He defines it life goals and landmarks. In "Letters about the good and the beautiful" D.S. Likhachev, the problem of the goal and the means to achieve it is considered by the author as one of the most important, forming in the young reader the concept of honor, duty, truth. “The end justifies the means” is a formula unacceptable to the author. On the contrary, every person should have a goal in life, but no less important are the methods that he uses to achieve what he wants. In order to be happy and in harmony with one's own conscience, it is necessary to make a choice in favor of spiritual values, giving preference to good deeds and wonderful thoughts.

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Preparation for the exam in the Russian language. Essay arguments examples

1.The theme of the historical past
The theme of the historical past of the motherland constantly worried Pushkin both as a poet and as a prose writer. He created such works as "The Song of prophetic Oleg", "Borodino Years", "Poltava". " Bronze Horseman". "Boris Godunov". "History Pugachev rebellion"and, of course," The Captain's Daughter ". All these works describe different historical events, different historical eras
The theme of the triumph of Russian weapons, the heroism of the Russian people, the winner and liberator, sounds dazzling and powerful in works dedicated to the Patriotic War of 1812. In the seventh chapter of "Eugene Onegin", the feat of Moscow is sung.

2. The theme of honor and dishonor
After reading the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas of honor. two officers Russian army behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews.

The problem of honor and dishonor is raised in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Honor and dignity are the main qualities of a human character, and those who have lost them are alien to any high aspirations and searches. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in creativity.
L.N. Tolstoy.

3. Love for the motherland
We feel ardent love for the Motherland, pride in its beauty in the works of the classics.
The theme of a heroic deed in the fight against the enemies of the Motherland is also heard in M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Borodino", dedicated to one of the glorious pages of the historical past of our country.
The theme of the Motherland is raised in the works of S. Yesenin. Whatever Yesenin writes about: about experiences, about historical turning points, about the fate of Russia in the "severe terrible years", - every Yesenin's image and line is warmed by a feeling of boundless love for the motherland: But most of all. Love for the native land

4. Moral qualities of a person
Russian literature has always been closely associated with moral quest our people. One of the writers who sincerely cares about the morality of our society is Valentin Rasputin. A special place in his work is occupied by the story "Fire". These are reflections on civil courage and moral positions of a person. When a fire broke out in Sosnovka, there were few who, risking their lives, defended people's good. Many came to "warm their hands." A fire is the result of a general misfortune. People are corrupted by the uncomfortableness of everyday life, the scarcity of spiritual life, the soulless attitude towards nature.
Many problems of our time, including moral ones, are raised by Anatoly Pristavkin in the story "A golden cloud spent the night." He sharply raises the question of national relations, talks about the connection of generations, raises the topic of good and evil, talks about many other issues, the solution of which depends not only on politics and economics, but also on the level of general culture.

5 Responsibility of a person for the lives of others
Thus, in Tolstoy's War and Peace, the question of man's moral responsibility before history is particularly acute.

The feeling of guilt and responsibility for others rises in the works about the Great Patriotic War. For example, in the poem by A. Tvardovsky “I know, it’s not my fault ...” lyrical hero given rhetorical question: could he save those who did not come from the war? Of course not, but the feeling of guilt does not leave the hero and the author.,

6 Fathers and sons
The problem of fathers and children includes a number of important moral problems. This is the problem of education, the problem of choosing moral rules, the problem of gratitude, the problem of misunderstanding. They are raised in various works, and each author tries to look at them in his own way. A. S. Griboyedov, describing in the comedy “Woe from Wit” the struggle between the “current century” and the “past century”, did not ignore the complex problem of fathers and children. The very idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe work is the struggle of the old with the new.

And Pyotr Grinev in A. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", following the instructions of his father, remained an honest and noble person in all situations in which he had to get * honor and conscience for the rest of his life remained above all for him.

One of the most important facets of the problem of “fathers and children” is gratitude. Are children grateful to their parents who love them, raised them and raised them? The topic of gratitude is raised in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Stationmaster”. The tragedy of a father who dearly loved only daughter appears before us in this story. Of course, Dunya did not forget her father, she loves him and feels her guilt in front of him, but still the fact that she left, leaving her father alone, turned out to be a big blow for him, so strong that he could not stand it.

7. The role of the example. Human education
Works that teach courage
Theme Great Patriotic War occupies an important place in the literature. The writer often refers to this period of history. The story "Sotnikov", written by Vasil Bykov, is one of the best works about war. Having passed the ordeal, the main characters fall into the clutches of the Germans. Sotnikov is a modest, inconspicuous person, a simple teacher. But, being sick and weak, he went on a responsible task. Exhausted by torture, he remains unbroken.
The source of Sotnikov's courage and heroism was his conviction in the justice of the struggle waged by the people.
This work teaches us courage and courage, helps our moral development.

8. Self-sacrifice in the name of love of neighbor
1) F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". "Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka while the world stands!" - a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of the neighbor and endlessly "unsustainable" suffering.
2) Kuprin in the story "Garnet Bracelet" understands love as a miracle, as a wonderful gift. The death of an official revived a woman who did not believe in love, which means that love still conquers death.
3) M. Gorky the legend of "Danko". Danko sacrificed himself to save people. The feat of Danko is similar to the feat of Prometheus, who stole fire for people, but suffered a terrible punishment for this. This feat of Danko should serve as a reminder to new generations of what a real person should be like.
4) In one of the books dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, a former blockade survivor recalls that, during a terrible famine, his life was saved by a neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front to him, a dying teenager. “I am already old, and you are young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved kept a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.
4) The tragedy happened in Krasnodar Territory. A fire started in a nursing home, where sick old people who could not even walk lived. Nurse Lidia Pashentseva rushed to help the disabled. The woman pulled several sick people out of the fire, but she could not get out herself.

9. Compassion and mercy. sensitivity
1) M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story “The Fate of a Man”. It tells about tragic fate a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

10. Callous and soulless attitude towards a person
1) A. Platonov "Yushka"
2) In January 2006, there was a terrible fire in Vladivostok. The premises of the Savings Bank, which was located on the eighth floor of the high-rise building, caught fire. The boss demanded that the employees first hid all the documents in a safe, and then evacuated. While the documents were being removed, a fire engulfed the corridor, and many girls died.
2) During the recent war in the Caucasus, an incident occurred that caused justified indignation in society. A wounded soldier was brought to the hospital, but the doctors refused to accept him, citing the fact that their institution belongs to the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the soldier belongs to the department of the Ministry of Defense. While looking for the right medical unit, the wounded died.

11. MAN AND POWER
Pushkin in the tragedy "Boris Godunov" very accurately defined and showed folk character. Eternally dissatisfied with the existing power, people are ready to rise to destroy it and rebel, instilling fear in the rulers - and nothing more. And as a result, they themselves remain offended, since the boyars and well-born nobles, standing at the throne of the sovereign, use the fruits of their victory.
The only thing left for the people is to remain silent.

12. Culture of speech and language
In the work of I. Ilf and E. Petrov "The Twelve Chairs". Vocabulary the heroine of this novel, Ellochka Shchukina, was only thirty words. And, although she did not feel the need to use any other words, her speech portrait was undoubtedly greatly affected.
Another example is the ancient Greek orator Demosthenes. He long years worked on his speech portrait, facial expressions, gestures, because a weak voice, short breathing did not allow him to fulfill his dream of becoming a speaker. Demosthenes trained to speak with the sound of the waves, with pebbles in his mouth, and as a result he was able to eliminate the shortcomings of his speech and become a true professional in his field, leaving a bright mark on history. This was due to his attentive attitude to his speech portrait.

13. The problem of heredity and self-formation.
In Russian literature and in life, the image of Lefty in the work of Leskov is so revered. Without learning the craft anywhere, he managed to shoe a flea without a microscope. There is no doubt that he himself developed his talent. No one told Lefty that his genotype contained or, on the contrary, did not contain such a talent.
I would also like to recall the Paralympic Games. Disabled people, seemingly limited by nature in mobility, find the strength to go in for sports and set records. This is the clearest proof that everyone is capable of self-formation and self-development, that not everyone is human life determined by heredity.

14. Man and art. The impact of art on people
1) For example, the song " Holy war”to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach, the music of A. Aleksandrov, the soldiers went on the attack, defending their homeland. It became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. With this song, with its harsh pathos, which absorbed both bitterness, pain, and anger, the Russian people, seized by “noble fury”, went to the “mortal battle”, stood shoulder to shoulder in defense of the Motherland.
2) In E. Nosov's story "Chopin, sonata number two", music becomes a means of uniting people, mutual understanding comes between Uncle Sasha, a participant in the war, and the orchestra guys. The heavy, beating sounds of suffering, groans, blows - everything that can be heard in the requiem - make the orchestra members realize the meaning and price of victory in the war, because this sonata is consonant with the sorrow of the entire Russian people.

15 Memory retention problem
1) The memory of the past is kept not only by household items, jewelry, but also, for example, letters, photographs, documents. In the story "The Last Bow" by V.P. Astafyev there is a chapter called "The Photograph Where I Am Not". The hero talks about how a photographer came to a rural school, but he could not take pictures due to illness. The teacher brought Vitka a photograph. Many years have passed, but the hero kept this picture, despite the fact that he was not on it. He looks at her and remembers his classmates, thinks about their fate. As the hero says, "village photography is an original chronicle of our people, its wall history."
2) Let's remember the hero A.I. Kuprin Zheltkov from the work "Garnet Bracelet". He gives Princess Vera Nikolaevna, his beloved, a family jewel, Garnet bracelet inherited from his mother. Zheltkov sacredly protects him and decides to part with him only before his death.

16. The problem of human spirituality
Alyoshka, the hero of A. Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", is just an example spiritual man. He went to prison because of his faith, but he did not give it up, on the contrary, this young man stood up for his truth and tried to convey it to other prisoners. Not one of his days passed without reading the Gospel, rewritten in an ordinary notebook.

Frost's antipode - Pavel Mechik. In the novel, he is an "anti-hero". This is a young boy who joined the detachment only out of curiosity. But he immediately became disillusioned with the ideas, for the sake of which he "ceased" to be an urban intellectual. But the Sword hid it from everyone. The people who surrounded Paul brought him many disappointments, because they turned out to be incompatible with the “ideal” heroes that the ardent youthful imagination created them. still weak, because in the further narrative he betrays the members of the detachment. The sword was put on patrol by Levinson, the head of the detachment, but Pavel considered this not true and, having not fulfilled his duty, disappeared into the forest, which led to the death of the detachment. “... The swordsman, who had already driven quite far, looked back: Frost was riding behind him. Then the detachment and Morozka disappeared around the corner ... He dozed off. He did not understand why he had been sent ahead. He threw up his head, and the sleepy state instantly left him, replaced by a feeling of incomparable animal horror: there were Cossacks on the road ... "

The sword disappeared and saved only his own life, putting the lives of the squad members on the map. Fadeev focuses not on the battles themselves, but on the time between us, when there comes a moment of respite, rest. These seemingly “peaceful” episodes are full of internal tension and conflict: whether it’s the case of killing fish, confiscating pork from a Korean, or waiting for the result of Metelitsa reconnaissance. In this construction lies the deep meaning of the narrative: moral, ideological and political problems and their philosophical understanding are important. The train of thought of the characters, their behavior, internal throwing in relation to everything that happens around - this is what Fadeev called "the selection of human material."

In this regard, the image of Frost, one of the heroes of the novel, is interesting. Actually, his presence in the center of the work is explained by the fact that he is a model of a new person undergoing a “remake”. The author spoke about him in his speech: “Morozka is a man with a difficult past... He could steal, he could curse rudely, he could lie, get drunk. All these traits of his character are undoubtedly his great shortcomings. But in difficult, decisive moments of the struggle, he did what was necessary for the revolution, overcoming his weaknesses. The process of his participation in the revolutionary struggle was the process of the formation of his personality ... "

Speaking about the selection of "human material", the writer had in mind not only those who turned out to be necessary for the revolution. People "unsuitable" for the construction of a new society are ruthlessly discarded. Such a hero in the novel is Sword. It is no coincidence that this person, by social origin, belongs to the intelligentsia and consciously joins the partisan detachment, guided by the idea of ​​the revolution as a great romantic event. Mechik's belonging to a different class, despite his conscious desire to fight for the revolution, immediately alienates those around him. “To tell the truth, Frost did not like the rescued at first sight. Frost did not like clean people. In his life practice, these were fickle, worthless people who could not be trusted. This is the first certification that the Mechik receives. Morozka's doubts are in tune with the words of V. Mayakovsky: "An intellectual does not like risk, / He is red in moderation, like a radish." Revolutionary ethics is built on a rigidly rational approach to the world and man. The author of the novel himself said: “The sword, another“ hero ”of the novel, is very“ moral ”from the point of view of the ten commandments ... but these qualities remain external to him, they cover up his inner egoism, lack of devotion to the cause of the working class, his purely petty individualism ". Here, the morality of the ten commandments and devotion to the cause of the working class are directly contrasted. The author who preaches the triumph of the revolutionary idea does not notice that the combination of this idea with life turns into violence against life, cruelty. For him, the professed idea is not utopian, and therefore any cruelty is justified.