Paronyms. short dictionary of paronyms
Dictionaries of paronyms that describe the somatic connections of words similar in form and consonance are a relatively young type of lexicographic publications.
First, let's define the concept of a paronym. Paronymy is a partial sound similarity of words with their semantic difference (full or partial). Also, the term paronymy (near, near, near + name) is commonly used to refer to such a phenomenon in speech, when two words that sound similar to some extent, but have different meanings, are mistakenly used one instead of the other. For example, the use of the word addressee instead of the addressee; boatswain instead of pilot; kremium instead of silicon is a paronymy, and the words that make up such pairs are called paronyms.
The use of one word instead of another, similar-sounding, is explained by insufficiently solid knowledge of the meaning of one of the words or even both, the incompetence of the speaker (writer) in that field of human activity (science, technology, art, craft) from which the word was taken.
Among paronyms, nouns occupy a significant place:
· subscription - subscriber;
tool - a weapon;
heat - heat;
guarantor - guarantee.
There are also adjectives:
· hot - hot;
defective - defective;
cruel - hard.
Also adverbs:
· tough - cruel;
· full - satisfying;
· irresponsible - irresponsible.
Paronyms can be of the same root:
· put on - put on;
· human - humane;
pay - pay - pay.
Or completely unrelated:
· biology - bryology;
broth - bruillon;
compote - complot;
invoice -- texture.
The first experience of describing paronyms was the reference dictionary “Difficult cases of using single-root words of the Russian language” by Yu. A. Belchikov, M. S. Panyusheva (M., 1968). Examples: breathe in, breathe in, put on, put on. In this dictionary, the meanings of these words were interpreted, combinations were given. The dictionary of paronyms in the modern Russian language of the same authors contains more than 200 paronymic series.
N. P. Kolesnikov’s “Dictionary of Paronyms in the Russian Language” (Tbilisi, 1971) already presents more than 3,000 consonant words with the same root and different root consonants (fugitive-runner-refugee, teeth-teeth). The dictionary contains words that are similar in morphological composition and sound, but have different meanings (to provide a vacation, a word, but to present a report, a report, to present for encouragement, an award, or such pairs of words as dress - put on, toast - health resort, etc. ).
"Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language" by O. V. Vishnyakova (M., 1984) describes paronyms belonging to one part of speech, having an accent on one syllable (now-today). The same author compiled a manual for students "Paronyms of the modern Russian language" (M., 1981).
We should also mention “Materials for the Dictionary of Paronyms of the Russian Language” (M., 1992) by V. P. Grigoriev, N. A. Kozhevnikova, Z. Yu. Petrov.
"Educational Dictionary of Paronyms" (M., 2005) by L. A. Vvedenskaya, N. P. Kolesnikov is built as a manual introducing words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning, in the use of which speakers and writers often make mistakes. Therefore, the manual gives the concept of paronyms, their stylistic and expressive possibilities, the mixing of paronyms in speech.
The "Dictionary of Paronyms" itself consists of 357 dictionary entries containing 762 paronyms and their interpretation. At the end of the manual there are exercises, the implementation of which involves working with a dictionary and serves as a test of students' knowledge.
Subscriber- the one who uses the subscription, as well as the client of public utilities.
Addresser- sender.
Try out - be tested prior to use.
Archaic- obsolete, not corresponding to new views, rules ( archaic usage).
Effect (result, consequence of something; strong impression made by someone or something)
IrresponsibleHuman- not responsible.
Artless- devoid of artificiality.
berezhny- caring, cautious, meticulous.
Wander- walk aimlessly, change direction.
scary(in the meaning of the predicate - scary, causes fear).
everyday- prosaic, monotonous ( everyday worries).
weighty- tangible, significant.
Guilty(guilty of something; having committed some kind of mistake, awkwardness, etc.)
contingency(not provided by the state).
Military - pertaining to military service.
Hostile(enemy).
Become - stop moving .
all kinds(everything).
Selective(selection-based, non-continuous, partial).
Calculate- the same as subtract, but a colloquial connotation.
Guaranteed(conditioned by law, as well as secured).
Hygienic- hygienic.
Title hero - a character whose name is included in the title of the work.
Maned - mane-like.
Humane(imbued with love for a person)
Democratic- political system.
Defective - abnormal - with physical. or psychic. shortcomings. - child.
dynamic- has a lot of internal energy dynamic pace).
Diploma student- the one who received a diploma for participation in the competition.
Diplomatic– pertaining to international politics.- representation.
Longflight- about action .
Volunteer - pertaining to a volunteer volunteer initiative, volunteer army).
solidcostume - well done.
Confiding- easily trusting, open ( confiding sight).
Dogma(the main position in religious belief, taken blindly on faith and not subject to criticism)
arrangement- Negotiated agreement.
Brownie- pertaining to home
Dramatic-problem.
Friendly- mutually benevolent - about states, peoples.
soulful - about the mental state. soulful climb.
Desirable - necessary.
worldly– mundane. Caseworldly .
Busy(engaging in smth. at the moment; not free)
Thrifty- able to store thrifty person).
sowwheat- about the subject.
Difficult- causing difficulties difficult happening.
malicious(containing evil intentions)
Significance - having an important meaning. Significance said.
Intelligent - false cultural.
Performing- pertaining to the performer performing style).
Truth- compliance with the truth.
Historical- pertaining to history historical novel).
Skilled(highly qualified)
business trip(related to business trip)
Comical- funny ( comedic look)
Constructive- practical. - solution.
Brieftalk- short .
Critical - filled with criticism critical approach)
Blood(consisting of blood)
Lyrical- agitated, passionate.
Logical- reasonable, consistent. Logical conclusion.
Petty(gives excessive importance to trifles)
Methodical- exactly following the plan ( methodical work)
mythological - pertaining to myths.
Dress up- someone to wear clothes.
A)inheritance(property that passes after the death of the owner to a new person)
ignoramus(uneducated, ignorant person; ignoramus)
Innocent(not involved in the crime)
Hated- inciting hatred hated enemy)
Intolerable(unbearable)
New - recently appeared.
Foundation - the beginning, the creation of something. Base cities.
Ordinary - common, habitual into the usual time.
upsetting - unpleasant, annoying.
Fingerprints - pressure mark.
unsubscribe- an answer that does not affect the merits of the case ( impudent reply)
Organic- inextricably linked, natural ( organic integrity).
Special - big, significant.
Discuss - think about sharing.
Display - depict in thin images.
Distinct- well distinguishable distinct sound).
Examination- establishing correctness.
cookhomework.-do.
Painting - handwritten signature.
Politic- acting diplomatically, cautiously ( political allusion).
The note in a notebook - a note.
To reconcile - get used to.
understandable- clear ( clear reason).
Inspect(purpose of familiarization).
Structure - building.
Misdemeanor - fault. Minor offense.
Practical- profitable, convenient. Practical cloth.
Provideto ourselves. - to hand over; give the right to do something.
conspicuous- conspicuous ( noticeable displeasure).
Produce repair.
Realistic - true, quite practical realistic goal).
Romantic - lofty pathos. Romantic the excitement of fighting.
fish- owned by fish fish bone.
Secretive- indistinct ( secretive person).
Markanniversary of death.
Statute - statute, regulation about something. statute UN.
Tactical- pertaining to tactics tactical task).
Typical circumstances.
Successful- successful ( lucky day).
Recognize - accept as your own.
Hide - hide something.
Productivity - ability to yield.
Master - be able to put into practice.
Factual- containing a lot of facts ( factual report).
Economic- busy with the economy, connected with the economy ( economic issues).
Holistic - perceived as a whole (externally). Holistic impression.
Economical- economically beneficial economical car.
Elite society, house - prestigious.
Effective- leading to results. Effective facilities.
explicit- distinct, well-defined distinct whisper).
The secret to successfully passing the exam in the Russian language is high-quality preparation with a thorough study of each type of task that the graduate will encounter during the examination work.
Like last year, tickets will include a paronym task. The topic “paronymic pairs” is studied in the school course of the Russian language, but many students have time to thoroughly forget it by the time of the final exams, which is confirmed by the large number of mistakes made by graduates in task No. 5.
We will tell you what paronyms are, you need to know about such pairs in order to successfully pass the exam for 2019 graduates, and we will also help you understand the features of the topic and tell you where to find a list of words that FIPI experts use when compiling exam tickets.
The Russian language is unique and rather complex in its structure. Words that sound very similar can have radically different meanings, which makes it difficult for many foreigners to perceive speech.
Paronyms are words with the same root, similar in sound and belonging to the same part of speech, but at the same time having different meanings and used in different lexical constructions.
Paronyms can form:
- couples (2 words);
- rows (from 3 to 7 words).
Words that form paronymic pairs can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (adverb, adjective or verb). The task of a graduate who wants to pass the exam well in 2019 is to know all the paronyms (a list of pairs and lines from KIMs, their meaning and application features).
Words included in paronymic pairs and series may differ in prefixes and suffixes, or even have a stem of a different nature. Semantically, two groups of paronyms are distinguished:
There is also a separate group of words that differ significantly in functional and stylistic fixation (live - live, work - work).
Dictionary of paronyms
The first thing to do in the process of preparing for the USE in 2019 is to study the dictionary of paronyms. It should be said right away that in the KIMs of the Unified State Examination of 2019, not all paronyms that exist in the Russian language will be found, but only a short list of 124 pairs and rows. At the same time, in the complete dictionary compiled by Russian linguists, there are 1100 pairs and rows, each of which contains 2-7 words. If desired, a complete dictionary with detailed descriptions of the meanings and features of use can be found on the Internet (for example, on paronymonline.ru).
We bring to your attention a short glossary of paronyms, which will be useful to all graduates, because in 2019 the Russian language remains a mandatory subject of the exam.
How to remember paronyms
Many paronymic pairs and their semantic differences are well known to everyone who is a native speaker of the Russian language. But there are also words in the list, the interpretation of which can cause difficulties. You can work out these paronyms by opening the corresponding dictionary with explanations, but in order to save time when preparing for the USE 2019, teachers recommend using quick reference books.
We suggest you download one of these ready-made dictionaries, which will help you quickly memorize all 124 pairs necessary to complete task No. 5 from the Unified State Exam tickets.
Dictionary of paronyms from FIPI
Subscription- the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.
Subscriber– a person or institution holding a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.
Destination- the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).
Addresser- the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Artistic- pertaining to the artist; intended for the artist; peculiar to the artist, the artist, characteristic of him.
Artistic- Distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.
Poor- Possessing a very meager income, poor or indigent; deficient in something, meager; unfortunate, arousing compassion, pity.
Disastrous- full of disasters, deprivations.
Meek- not receiving, not giving an answer, a response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.
Irresponsible- not bearing or unaware of responsibility.
Marshy- abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy like a swamp.
Bolotny- related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in the swamp, movement in the swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.
Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.
thanksgiving- containing, containing gratitude, gratitude: a letter of thanks, a telegram.
Charitable- with the aim of providing material assistance to those in need.
Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.
Experienced- Seen and experienced a lot.
Former- currently not in any position.
former- past, past.
Reckless- done without thought or reasoning.
Beloved- beloved, dear.
boundless- huge, boundless, boundless.
inhale- each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- Strengthened inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.
century- living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanged, constant: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; age-old traditions, customs;
Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, without term. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.
Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.
Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, having large dimensions. A majestic building, a majestic monument.
Replenish- reimburse.
Supplement- to add new data to what others have said, to make it more complete by adding to something.
Top up- increase by adding something new to something existing
Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.
Hostile- pertaining to the enemy, the enemy, the enemy.
Benefit benefit, advantage.
profitability- availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.
extradition- issued money, goods.
recoil- the same as the coefficient of efficiency, benefit.
Broadcast- something that is given to someone; transfer process.
Distribution- to give something to many.
Pay- giving money to compensate for something.
Payment- a fee paid for something money. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.
Payment– reimbursement: payment of tax
pay out- to pay a fee, to pay in full.
Pay- to give in return for something, to repay.
Pay- to pay for something. To repay - to do, to do something in response to someone's act.
pay- the same as paying
Grow- caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.
build up- to promote the growth of something, to lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.
Grow- to give the opportunity to achieve in the growth of any size, size.
High- large in length or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; distinguished by value, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good in quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by vibrations of high frequency.
high-altitude– extending above a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (air); about architectural structures: very high, multi-storey.
Warranty- adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.
Guaranteed- participle from the verb guarantee. Secured.
Harmonic- related to tarmonia; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious- containing elements of harmony; having consistency, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole
Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.
Clayey- containing clay. Clay soil.
one year old- at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.
Annual- related to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, as a result for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.
Pride- self-esteem, self-esteem, a sense of satisfaction from success; an overly high opinion of oneself.
Pride- excessive pride.
Humanism- the progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for a person and concern for his welfare.
Humanity- a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.
Humanistic- an adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian- addressed to the human person, to the rights and interests of a person; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.
Humane- humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for a person, respect for the individual.
Binary– based on counting by twos (pairs): binary system.
Double- twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.
Dual- leaning in one direction and the other; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
twofold- having two kinds, two forms, two meanings.
double– something made double.
doubled- enlarged, doubled.
Effective- capable of influencing, active: effective help.
Valid- real, authentic; valid: ticket, real life.
current- performing actions, being in action.
Businesslike- sensible, serious, enterprising: a businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike walk.
Business- related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.
efficient- capable of serious work: efficient worker,; serious, noteworthy: a practical project.
Delyachesky- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.
Democratic- containing elements of democracy, democracy, simple, relating to the people.
Democratic- based on the principles of democracy, realizing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in terminological phrases)
Dictation- written work, consisting in writing down the dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one strong side and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by another, weak side.
Diploma student- a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing graduation thesis.
Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly, skillfully.
Diplomatic- related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).
Diplomatic- subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long- having a large length, length; longer than necessary; about the person: tall.; slowly stretching.
Long- long-term.
solid- benign, durable: good-quality goods, suit, house;
Kind- doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character.
Confidential- showing confidence in someone, something: a confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.
Confiding- easily trusting; based on trust: gullible child, beast, disposition.
Rain associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect from rain.
Rainy- plentiful rain. Rainy season, year.
Dramatic- pertaining to drama about the singer's voice: strong, somewhat sharp in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.
Dramatic- containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep feelings, feelings; designed for effect, pompous.
Friendly- related to a friend, belonging to him, characterizing the relationship of friends.
Friendly- mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing disposition (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).
friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.
Unit- only one, the only one; separate, segregated, individual.
The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.
Desired- very expected, constituting the object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable- necessary for something, corresponding to someone's desires, interests, expectations.
Hard- hard, rough (about the subject): hard tissue; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, games; hardness in the voice.
Cruel- pitiless, pitiless prone to cruelty.
Vital- relating to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: vital question.
worldly- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Housing- adjective for the noun dwelling.
Residential- intended for housing.
to block- put up a fence, a fence, obscure, close.
fence- surround with a fence.
fence- protect, preserve.
fence off- to separate, putting a fence, a partition.
block off- divided by a partition, something blocking.
Underestimate- to make it lower than normal, necessary, to make it lower than necessary.
Downgrade- make it lower move to a lower, less responsible position.
reduce- make low, lower, lower height.
Pay- 1) pay a fee for something, 2) repay (answer). Usage examples: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).
pay out- pay for something. Usage examples: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage loan.
repay- to do something in response to someone's act, to take revenge. Usage examples: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay hospitality, repay with care and care.
Pay- pay for something. Usage examples: pay expenses, pay bills, pay for services.
Fill- take it entirely enter the required information into something.
Fill- to make full, busy, saturated with something.
overflow- overfill.
initiator- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.
instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.
Animal- adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, peculiar to the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.
Brutal- peculiar to the beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extreme.
Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.
Sonorous- making loud, clear sounds.
Visual- pertaining to vision intended for spectators; one that looks at something.
spectator- pertaining to the viewer, peculiar to him.
Inventive- resourceful, quick to invent, able to invent.
inventive pertaining to invention, to an inventor.
Informative- carrying information, saturated with information.
Informational- pertaining to information.
Information- informing; reporting on the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes taking place in it, perceived by a person or special devices.
Awareness- awareness, the degree of knowledge of information.
Ironic- related to irony as a stylistic device.
ironic- containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.
Artful- skillful, well-versed in his work; skillfully, well done.
Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like a real, natural, unnatural.
Executive- having as its task the execution of decisions, decrees, practically exercising control over something; diligent, accurate and well performing duties, assignments.
Performing- relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.
original- initial, starting.
Outgoing- sent from the institution.
Rocky- rich in stone: soil.
Stone- made of stone.
Comfortable- providing comfort, peace of mind,
Comfortable- meeting all the requirements of comfort.
equestrian- associated with horses; operating with horses.
Horse- belonging to a horse, related to him, horse.
Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular).
Root- original, primordial, permanent, main; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.
Root- pertaining to the root of a plant; which is a root, consisting of a root, roots.
Bone- adjective to the noun bone; mined from bones.
Bone- made of bone, obtained from the bones of animals.
Colorful- bright, juicy. Coloring - participle from the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.
Painted- treated with paint.
Varnished- varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Lacquer- adjective to the noun varnish; lacquered (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or lacquered metal).
Ice- consisting of ice, icy; situated on the ice; occurring in the ice.
Ice- adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destroying.
Wooded- heavily wooded.
Forest- adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; relating to forestry.
personal- pertaining to personality.
Private- belonging to a certain person; belonging to the individual; affecting the interests of any person.
Microscopic- produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only under a microscope.
microscopic- very small in size, size, volume.
Frozen- frozen.
Freezer- intended for freezing.
Frosty- related to frost as a natural phenomenon.
put on- cover the body with clothes (i.e. put on oneself): put on a coat, hat; with the pretext "on" put on yourself and on someone: put a backpack on your back,
covered furniture.
Dress up- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.
Availability– presence, existence: to be present.
Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.
Reminder- words to remind.
Mention- words relating to someone, not spoken on purpose, but in passing.
Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.
ignoramus- uneducated, ignorant person.
Intolerable- one that cannot be endured (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerable situation, behavior; devoid of tolerance, not considering other people's opinions: an intolerant person; intolerant of others' success.
Impatient- not having the patience to wait for someone or something
Unsuccessful- accompanied by, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.
Unfortunate- haunted by misfortune.
accused- the one who is found guilty.
accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.
snippet- a torn off, torn piece, separate, incoherent, disparate parts of something.
excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.
embrace- having concluded between outstretched hands, fingers, paws, etc., tightly press someone to yourself: the mother hugged the child; the wrestler grabbed the opponent.
Reach- surround, compress; enclose within one's own limits, embrace, envelop: (covered) the neck.
Restrict- put in some kind of framework, boundaries, define some conditions.
delimit- separate, separate.
demarcate- to divide, denoting the boundaries; define exactly by separating one from the other.
Hail- an exclamation with which they call out, i.e. shouting, stop or call.
Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, vestige of something.
Organic- organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic- due to the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.
Qualifying- an employee for the selection of someone, something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
selective- selected, the best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; obscene: selective abuse, abuse.
Deviation- rejection, rejection of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.
Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; deviation from the direct direction.
Distinguish- establish a distinction, a boundary between something; stand out from others.
Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something.
difference- a sign that creates a difference between something.
Difference difference, dissimilarity between something.
Retentive- having a good memory: a memoryful person, a student.
Memorable- preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; commemorative year; serving to remember; reminders, memory book, commemorative badge.
endure- to endure a lot; endure, overcome.
endure- to endure a lot (hardships); be reworked and changed.
Purchasing- pertaining to the opportunity to buy.
Purchasing- pertaining to the buyer, belonging to him.
Popular- understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; widely known, public sympathy.
populist- appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to acute social problems.
venerable- inspiring respect, deserving of it; big, significant.
Respectful- Respectful to someone, showing respect.
Practical– relating to the field of practice; necessary for practice; instilling skill, skills; relating to real needs.
Practical- experienced, well versed in life affairs; convenient, suitable for business, profitable, economical.
Provide- give at the disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, word, opportunity; to give the right, the opportunity to do: to give a case to be resolved, to dispute, to determine the price.
Introduce- deliver, present, report: submit a report, project; introduce: introduce a guest, lecturer; to nominate, to propose: to present for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; See also: cause, create: this presents no difficulty.
Representative- making a favorable impression (representative appearance), authoritative; respectful, important, imposing.
Executive- elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representative expenses).
Recognized- is generally accepted.
Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.
Productive- bringing positive results, creating any values in the labor process, productive, fruitful.
Grocery- intended for food products, associated with the trade or storage of products.
Productive- bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.
Industrial- related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance- an indicator of production efficiency that characterizes the output per unit of resources used, factors of production; quotient of dividing the volume of production by the value of the cost of resources for a given volume of production.
enlightening- an employee for education, spreading education.
educational- related to enlightenment, enlightener, characteristic of them.
journalistic- pertaining to journalism, to a publicist.
journalistic- touching on topical socio-political issues.
shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fear.
scared- one who is often frightened or who is very frightened.
Irritation- a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute discontent, annoyance, a cell reaction to external influences.
Irritability- a property of the individual.
rhythmic- pertaining to rhythm, subordinate to it.
Rhythmic something repeated at regular intervals.
Romantic- relating to romanticism as a direction in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attracting with its mystery.
Romantic- containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.
Secretive- not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.
Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.
Vocabulary- consisting of words; related to vocabulary.
Verbal- oral.
Resistance- counteraction to the onslaught, attack, impact.
Resistance- the ability to resist, the degree of resistance.
Neighboring- located near, next to someone, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- pertaining to a neighbor, belonging to him.
Comparable- one that can be compared.
Comparative- establishing similarities or differences, comparative; based on comparison.
Stage- pertaining to the scene; associated with the theater, theatrical art, theatrical activity.
scenic- suitable for the stage, for theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.
Technical- related to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; relating to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only at the direction of the head, not responsible.
technical- possessing skill, high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).
Lucky- happy; one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful- successful (good day).
Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, showing humiliation.
Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity, pride.
Actual- valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual- corresponding to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.
Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory .; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate profit, enrichment.
Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of the desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like a predator.
Royal- related to the king, luxurious, rich belonging to him; pertaining to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.
Regal- distinguished by majesty, significance in scope.
Reigning- performing the duties of the king; the same as reigning (high) preeminent, superior to all in some respect.
Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole pile of papers; a range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.
Whole- from one substance, piece, solid: one-piece slab; solid granite.
Holistic- possessing internal unity: theory.
Economic- relating to the economy, economic.
Economical- giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical- thrifty spending something, respecting the savings; requiring moderate expenses, promoting economy, modest in expenses.
Aesthetic- related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and in life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.
aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aesthetics.
Ethical- related to ethics (science, the object of study of which is morality); conforming to the requirements of morality.
Ethical– admissible from the point of view of the requirements of ethics (norms of behavior).
Effective- giving effect, effective.
Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. an effective method, an effective solution, spectacular costumes.
Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.
Effectiveness- catchiness, the ability to impress.
The next step should be the solution of ready-made tasks. For this, both KIMs of past years and trial tasks of the USE in 2019 are suitable.
If you perceive information more easily, not just by reading the text, but by the case of the teacher, you can recommend watching numerous free online lessons that are easy to find on the net. Also on YouTube you can find a video analysis of tickets in other subjects, works and their brief overview for the 2019 OGE in literature and much other information useful for graduates.
We bring to your attention one of the lessons on paronyms:
FULL analysis of task 5 FOR exam-2018
In Russian
Test your strength: solve without delving into the theory!
Task Formulation:
WRONG chosen word.
1. Malyuta Skuratov, the favorite guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, was distinguished by a sharp mind, cruelty and PREDATORY glitter of eyes.
2. ICE the palace, built on the orders of Anna Ioannovna in St. Petersburg, became the venue for the clownish wedding.
3. In The Tale of Bygone Years, Nestor describes UNSUCCESSFUL 1185 campaign of Prince Igor against the Polovtsy.
4. Mitrofan, the main character of Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth", ¾ a classic example Ignorant in Russian literature
5. In 1957 the first ARTIFICIAL the satellite of the Earth, invented by Korolev, was launched into space.
Check yourself: find out the right one
the answer is on the next page!
| X | AND | SCH | H | S | M |
*Explanation: predatory ¾ greedy exploiting others (about a person): predatory eye gleam, predatory official;
Predatory ¾ oppressive, robbing someone: predatory habits, predatory tendencies.
What is the secret to success in problem 5?
1. It is important to remember that paronyms¾ are words similar in sound, but having different lexical meaning: addresser ¾ addressee, put on ¾ put on, etc..
2. Members of paronymic pairs are in different words.
* For example, you need to determine in what meaning in a sentence instead of a word ETERNAL need to use CENTURY?
1) Petya Trofimov was called " ETERNAL student."
2) ETERNAL oak struck us with its beauty and grandeur.
3) Documents were prepared for archiving for ETERNAL storage.
4) Compassion and humanity are ETERNAL life values.
How to learn to distinguish paronyms?
1) Need formulate lexical meaning of each word, find synonyms:
· century ¾ living, existing for centuries, very long;
· Eternal ¾ endless in time, without beginning or end.
2) Compose with these paronyms phrases so that there is no doubt about the choice of the word:
· Age-old oak (oak living age), secular traditions (traditions that have been around for a very long time)
· Eternal values (unchanged), eternal student (constant), eternal storage (perpetual)
! Necessarily read information from "dictionary of paronyms" to be fully equipped for the exam !
THE MOST COMPLETE dictionary of paronyms for the exam
Be sure to remember a couple of the most popular paronyms!
Now try to solve problem number 5 again!
Task Formulation:
One of the suggestions below WRONG highlighted word is used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. write down chosen word.
Task number 1.
1. Flooding from jam-type floods, which depend little on the water level of the year, should be EXPECT in April and May.
2. There is a proven method for cleaning short pile fur: dirty fur should be wiped with hot mashed potatoes, and then carefully shake off.
3. The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS causes the need to pay a subscription fee for the use of the line.
4. The new company was registered under beautiful, SOUND name.
5. Under it HARD everything looked out of place.
Task number 2.
1. To prepare a marinade for fish baked in coals, you need SHAKE OFF seeds from four to five cardamom pods, add a pinch of saffron and grind them in a mortar and salt.
2. The girl with a sharp movement threw back her bangs from her forehead and unexpectedly calmly and CONFIDENTLY looked Alexis in the eyes.
3. ISSUE skates are made if the visitor of the rink has a passport or any other document that can be left as a pledge.
4. Analysts say that in the coming year, the securities market can EXPECT significant changes.
5. CHOOSE one direction or another, navigate strictly by compass.
Check yourself!
Brief Dictionary of Paronyms
SUBSCRIPTION - SUBSCRIBERsubscription - a document granting the right to service, use something, as well as the very right to do so: a library loan; subscription to the theater; concert subscription.
Subscriber - the one who uses the subscription: the subscriber of the library, the telephone network, the subscriber does not answer, the neat subscriber.
ADDRESSER - ADDRESSERdestination - the recipient of the correspondence; addressee - mail sender.
Anecdotal - Anecdotalanecdotal - based on an anecdote: an anecdotal tale; anecdotal - ridiculous: an anecdotal case.
ARTISTIC - ARTISTICartistic - inherent in the artist: artistic talent, number; artistic - skillful, virtuoso: artistic performance, artistic work.
ARCHAIC - ARCHAICarchaic - peculiar to antiquity: archaic view, archaic speech, archaic work; archaic - out of use: archaic work, custom, appearance, costume.
WEEKDAY - WEEKDAYweekday - non-holiday: weekday, weekday time; everyday - everyday, everyday: everyday work, clothes, furnishings, everyday worries.
STRAYER - STRAYERvagabond - pertaining to a vagabond; belonging to, characteristic of a tramp: a tramp appearance, character, disposition; wandering - constantly moving from place to place, wandering: itinerant musician, nature, troupe, hunter.
INHALE - INHALEinhale - take in with breath: inhale fresh air, oxygen, smoke, the smell of flowers. In a figurative sense: to breathe strength into a comrade ; take a breath - take a breath: take a breath with relief after running.
MILITARY - MILITARY warlike - possessing a military spirit, brave: warlike (th, -th, -th) people, nomads, country, tribes, state ; and also: characteristic of a warrior, resolute, ready for a collision: belligerent posture, belligerent attacks, belligerent character, tone, argument. Militant - active, irreconcilable: militant atheist, humanist, philistine, idealism, materialism.
UGLY - UGLYugly - very bad, vile; disgusting: nasty person, deed, nasty lie, cigar, weather;
squeamish - full of disgust, disgust for someone - or something: a disgusting gesture, a look, a disgusting feeling.
WARRANTY - GUARANTEEDwarranty - containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee: warranty (th, -th, -th) repair, workshop, insurance, term, obligation, passport, securities.
Guaranteed - supported by law, order: guaranteed rights, old age, future , guaranteed payment; and also: secured - in combination with the words: income, earnings, rest.
HARMONIC - HARMONIOUSharmonic - related to harmony: harmonic series, harmonic vibrations; harmonious - euphonious, slender: harmonious personality, melody.
HEROISM - HEROIC - HEROICITYheroism - heroic spirit, the mode of action inherent in the hero: labor heroism, heroism of the people, female heroism, heroism of partisans; heroics - heroic content, heroic side in activity, events: heroics of struggle, labor, life, everyday life, era, time; heroism - heroic behavior: show heroism, soldier heroism, true heroism, show off heroism. HYPERBOLIC - HYPERBOLIChyperbolic - containing hyperbole: hyperbolic image, style, language; hyperbolic - extremely exaggerated: hyperbolic recall, hyperbolic comparison.
HYPOTHESIS - HYPOTHETICITYhypothesis - scientific assumption, not yet proven: put forward a hypothesis, scientific hypothesis, hypothesis failure, fantastic hypothesis, hypothesis about the origin of life; hypothetical - hypothetical: hypothetical judgment, version, statement, theory.
MAIN- TITLEmain - the most important, main: main conclusion, result, main role, part; title - relating to the title: capital (capital) letter, title page, title role (the role of the character whose name the play is named: the title role in Hamlet; but: the main role in "Dowry").
ANGRY - ANGRYangry - prone to anger, quick-tempered: angry (th, th) person, boss, nature, character, being; angry - engulfed in anger: about any person in a state of anger, also: caused by anger, expressing anger: an angry look, tone, response.
PROUD - PROUDproud - expressing his own superiority and dignity, arrogant: proud posture, gait, smile, woman, soul. Proud - full of self-respect: a proud person, character, appearance.
PRIDE - Pride pride - self-esteem, self-respect: a sense of pride, national pride, full of pride, girlish pride. Pride - exorbitant pride: exorbitant, cursed pride, the pride of an upstart, a youth.
GIFT - GIFTdonated - received as a gift: a gift item, a gift horse. Darovoy - received for nothing, free of charge: free travel, labor, carpenter, bread, performance, ticket.
ENGINE – ENGINEengine - a machine that converts any type of energy into mechanical, setting something in motion: a steam engine, an internal combustion engine, a rocket engine , as well as: a force that promotes growth, development (figurative meaning): labor is the engine of science and culture, the engine of progress, a powerful engine.
mover (special) - a device that provides movement (aircraft propeller, car wheel): car, ship, powerful propulsion.
DOUBLE - DUAL double - twice as much: double portion, double care, double price, also: consisting of two items, parts: double lining, double bottom, double last name, and also: dual, two-faced: double politics, tactics, game.
Dual - leaning in one direction and the other, contradictory: an ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
BUSINESS - BUSINESS - BUSINESS businesslike - sensible, serious, enterprising: a businesslike worker, a businesslike look, a businesslike gait. Business - related to official activities, work: business (th, -th, -th) conversation, meeting, language, considerations, secret, qualities, documents. efficient - capable of serious work, efficient worker, owner, small, and also: serious, noteworthy: a good project, a good research, a suggestion.
DEFECTIVE - DEFECTIVE defective - having a physical or mental disability: a handicapped child. Defective - damaged, with a defect: a defective product, a defective copy of the book.
DYNAMIC - DYNAMICdynamics - a branch of mechanics that studies the laws of motion of bodies: gas dynamics, rigid body dynamics, lectures on dynamics , also: the course of development, changes in some phenomenon: the dynamics of the budget, process, as well as: movement, action, development: the dynamics of the plot, events . Dynamism - saturation with movement, action: the dynamism of the dance, the acting, storytelling, dialogue, rhythm.
DIPLOMATIC - DIPLOMATIC diplomatic - pertaining to diplomacy and to a diplomat: diplomatic (th, -th, ye) representative, relations, service, corps, etiquette, immunity, scandal, and also: subtly calculated, dexterous, evasive: a diplomatic answer, an act, a step, a move. Diplomatic - the same as diplomatic in the second meaning: diplomatic response, deed, step, and also: careful, gentle, polite: a diplomatic person.
DEMOCRATIC - DEMOCRATICdemocratic - based on democracy: democratic union, camp, democratic party, democratic state; democratic - characteristic of a democrat: democratic act, democratic views.
DYNAMIC - DYNAMICdynamic - related to dynamics: dynamic impact, dynamic load; dynamic - full of movement, events: dynamic pace, dynamic era.
LONG - LONGlong - having a great length, as well as long: a long report, a tail, a long night; long - long-term, long-lasting: long vacation, period of time, long negotiations, searches, long silence, absence.
GOOD - GOOD solid - benign, durable: good-quality goods, suit, house; with high rates: good harvest, dinner. Kind - doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character, look, deed, friend.
TRUST - TRUSTconfidential - showing confidence in someone - something: a confidential tone, voice, gesture, trusting - easily trusting; based on trust: gullible child, beast, disposition, look, gesture, tone.
DRAMATIC - DRAMATICdramatic - related to drama: drama circle, actor, dramatic work; dramatic - full of drama: a dramatic case, a dramatic situation.
FRIENDLY - FRIENDLYfriendly - pertaining to friends: friendly advice, friendly meeting, friendly relations; friendly - based on friendship: friendly people, friendly politics.
SINGLE - SINGLE - SINGLE unit - only one, only, separate: an isolated case, episode, walk.
The only one - only one: only son, friend, object, day, fact , theater. United - common, united: a single impulse, front, plan, as well as in negative constructions - one: not a single word.
DESIRED - DESIREDdesired - dear, dear: a welcome guest, a welcome meeting; desirable – desired: desired result, visit.
LIFE - LIFEvital - pertaining to To life: living conditions, contradictions, life experience, process, path, See also: close to life, to reality: life image, story, life scenery, and also: important for life, socially necessary: vital question, vital necessity, vital interests.
worldly - ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Rogue - Rogueroguish - prone To cheating: a cheating person, and also: characteristic of a swindler, picaresque: swindling look, laughter. scam - pertaining to the manifestation of fraud: a fraudulent (th, -th) trick, business, machination, trick.
PROTECTIVE - PROTECTIVEdefensive - With possessing protection: defensive speech. Protective - h protecting from something: protective armor, mask; and also - khaki: protective fabric, tunic.
BORROW - LOANtake - to borrow: I borrowed a hundred rubles from him. Incorrect: Borrow me a hundred roubles. borrow - to lend: Lend me a hundred rubles. Wrong: I borrowed a hundred rubles from him.
EVIL - EVILwicked - cruel, fierce, ferocious, angry: an evil person, intent; malicious - inveterate: a malicious truant, defaulter.
IDEALISTIC - IDEALISTICidealistic - related to idealism as a philosophical direction: idealistic philosophy, essence. idealistic - dreamy, idealizing reality: an idealistic person, a young man.
INDIANS - INDIANS - HINDUSIndians - Native Americans; Indians - the name of the population of India; Hindus - Followers of Hinduism.
EXECUTIVE - EXECUTIVEexecutive - related to execution: the executive body, Committee; executive power, as well as diligent: executive worker, secretary. Performing - related To performance of a work of art (music, literature, theatre): performing style, composition, performance skills.
CAMPAIGN - COMPANYcampaign - set of activities: winter campaign, sowing campaign; company - a group of persons, an association: a company of friends, a steel company.
TRAVELER - TRAVELERseconded (about a person): seconded specialist; business trip (about papers, money, documents): travel certificate.
COMIC - COMICcomic (about comedy): comic story, comic opera; comical - funny: comical look, gesture. CONSTRUCTION - DESIGN constructive - pertaining to the construction of something: a structural diagram, a detail, design changes, and also: fruitful: constructive criticism, constructive suggestion, constructive plan. Design – pertaining to the designer, associated with the design: design office, room, solution, design project, tool, design error.
KOREA - KOREANloin - pork or veal smoked brisket; Korean - Korean woman.
ROOTS - ROOTSroots - soup roots, etc. (carrots, parsley, etc.); roots - the underground part of the plant, the concept in mathematics: oak roots, square root.
CRITICAL - CRITICALcritical - containing criticism, turning point: critical review, analysis, age, critical situation; critical - critical: critical approach, mind.
ICE - ICEice: ice sports palace, cover, ice road, path, track; ice - frozen, frosty, icy, cold: ice house, congestion, ice hummocks, icicles; trans. ice voice.
PERSON - PERSONALITYface - body part: ruddy face, familiar face; trans. individual, legal entity; personality - a person as a carrier of any properties: a creative person, a bright person.
LOGICAL - LOGICALlogical - related to logic: logical connection of phenomena, logical category, logical thinking; logical - correct: logical act, answer, logical reasoning, proof.
MAXIMALIST - MAXIMUM maximalist - showing excessive extremeness: maximalist demands, slogans, moods, antics. Maximum - largest, highest: maximum volume, size, maximum quantity, tension, attention.
OILY - OILY oily - oiled, oiled, oiled: oiled pancake; oil paper, porridge, oily hands, lips, also - flattering, ingratiating: an oily smile; oily voice, and also - sensual, voluptuous: an oily look.
Oil - pertaining to oil, consisting of oil: an oil stain, oil fumes, also - running on oil, with the help of oil: oil pump, oil lamp, and also - filled with paints ground in oil: oil painting, oil painting.
METHODOLOGICAL - METHODOLOGICALmethodical - relating to methodology: methodological advice, methodological work, science; methodical - following the plan: methodical work, methodical influence.
TO REMEMBER - TO REMEMBERput up - put up with a friend, with shortcomings; put up with - to submit: to come to terms with his character, to come to terms with the inevitability.
WEAR - WEARput on (what, what on whom, what on what): put on a coat, glasses, a ring on a finger, a coat on a child, a suit on a mannequin; dress (whom): to dress a child, a sick person.
Ignorant - Ignorantignoramus - ill-mannered, tactless; ignoramus - uneducated, ignorant.
UNTOLERABLE - UNTOLERABLEintolerable - unbearable, unbearable, unbearable, unacceptable: unbearable cold, unbearable pain, resentment; intolerant - intolerant: intolerant person, intolerant relationship.
WEIGHT - WEIGHTgive short weight : weight the buyer; hang around: hang pictures on the walls.
EXCHANGE - EXCHANGEexchange : exchange shoes in the store, randomly exchange flip flops on the beach; exchange: exchange your item for someone else's in order to get the right or better one; iron. exchange the awl for soap.
JUSTIFY (justify) - BASE (found)substantiate - back up with evidence: substantiate the point of view, hypothesis, claim. Found - to start, to establish: to establish
city, museum, theater, and also - to build on the basis of something: to base views, conclusions, theory on something: on knowledge, assumption, misunderstanding, etc.
DANGEROUS - DANGEROUS cautious - wary, distrustful: a fearful person, look, gesture. Dangerous - associated with risk: a dangerous task, a dangerous road, a lowland, and also: capable of causing harm: a dangerous enemy, a criminal, an animal, a conversation, a gesture.
MASTER (master) - MASTER (master)master - fully master something by learning how to use it: to master production, profession, technology, also - perceive, remember: master the heritage past, material, theme, language, message , and also - to settle down, to include in household use: to master the desert, virgin lands, the site.
Learn - to make it characteristic, familiar to oneself: to learn a new custom, views, habit, tone, also - having understood, remember as it should: to assimilate a book, lecture, theory, and also - having absorbed, process in oneself: to assimilate food, vitamins, fertilizer.
SELECTIVE - SELECTIVEselective - selected, the best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal, and also - indecent: selected abuse, swearing. Qualifying - an employee for the selection of someone, something: qualifying match, tournament, selection committee.
ORGANIC - ORGANICorganic - relating to the living world: organic chemistry, organic matter; organic - inseparable, natural: organic connection, integrity, organic fusion .
MEMORY - MEMORYretentive - having a good memory: a memoryful person, a student. Memorable - preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, travel, memorable year, as well as - serving for remembering, reminding: a commemorative book, a commemorative badge.
SIGNATURE - PAINTsignature - in the meaning of confirm, assure: put your signature, signatures on the petition; painting - painting on walls, ceilings, household items; action on the verb to paint: ancient Russian paintings, painting words according to tables.
FIRE - FIRE fire - a flame that destroys something: a forest fire, and also (transl.): bright, violent manifestation, rapid and wide distribution: fire of feelings, fire of war. Conflagration - the place where the fire was.
COVER (cover) - COVER (cover)cover by - put on top: cover the house with a roof, cover the child with a blanket, cover the head handkerchief. shelter - close from all sides, wrap up: cover with a blanket.
HALF - HALF half - constituting half: half share, price. half-hearted - l looking for integrity, consistency, not completely decisive: a half-hearted person; half solution; half measure.
POLITICAL - POLITICALpolitical - pertaining to politics: political issue, activist, political struggle; politic - diplomatic, prudent: a political person, a political act.
PROVISION - SUBMISSIONproviding - provision of credit, funds, humanitarian aid; performance - presentation of documents, presentation (performance), presentation of something.
PROBLEM - PROBLEMproblematic - conjectural: problematic option; problem - posing questions: a problematic issue, a problematic article.
TECHNICAL - TECHNICALtechnical - related to technology: technical progress, technical conclusion; water; technical - skillful: technical actor, technical dance performance.
REALISTIC - REALISTICrealistic - realist: realistic method, novel, realistic art; realistic - real: realistic goal, thought.
NOTICEABLE - NOTICEABLE perceptive - observant, noticing everything: a quick-witted person, mind. conspicuous - the same as noticeable: noticeable appearance, thing, manner; remarkable person, scientist.
RESOLUTION - RESOLUTION determination - courage, willingness to make and implement a decision: show determination, determination in the look, determination of a fighter, determination to help, firm determination. Determination - firmness, inflexibility: decisiveness of the look, deed, character; say with determination.
HIDDEN - HIDDEN secretive - avoiding frankness, not talking about himself: a secretive person, character, and also - not revealing himself, secret: a secretive lifestyle, an enemy, a well-wisher.
Hidden - not explicitly detectable, hidden: hidden meaning, hint, anger, hidden love, enmity, and also - outwardly invisible: hidden illness, temperament, hidden opportunities, reserves.
DEATH - DEATH fatal - having death as its outcome: a fatal illness, a wound, also - extremely fierce, leading to complete defeat: inflict a mortal blow on the enemy, mortal struggle, also - extreme, ultimate: mortal horror, cold, mortal resentment, fatigue, and also - accompanying death : death agony. Mortal - relating to death (obsolete): the hour of death, on a deathbed, also - subject to death: all people are mortal, also - depriving of life: a death sentence, the death penalty, and also - very strong: deathly boredom, heat (colloquial) .
CONSISTENCY - CONSISTENCY agreement - bringing into the right ratio, correspondence with something, discussion and development of a common opinion, obtaining consent: coordination of actions. Consistency - conformity, unity, mutual agreement, coherence: consistency of the issue, project, movements, efforts, consistency in work, in dance.
THEME - THEME subject - subject, main content: the theme of the novel, report, film, conversation, dispute. Subject - a set of topics: topics of modern songs, scientific topics, literary topics, topics of the novel, symposium.
TYPICAL - TYPICAL typical - possessing features characteristic of some type, characteristic: a typical scientist, a case; typical face. Typical - being a type, a sample: a standard form, a project, and also - corresponding to a certain type, a sample, a standard: a typical school, furniture, power plant.
TOURIST - TOURISTtourist (what refers to tourism): a tourist cruise, a travel package, a travel agency; tourist (what applies to the tourist ): tourist tent, tourist equipment.
ECCENTRIC – ECCENTRIC eccentric - based on contrasts: an eccentric trick, a number in a circus program; eccentric - unusually peculiar, strange: an eccentric young man.
FACT - FACTORfact - event, phenomenon, case, reality: state the facts, a historical fact, an outrageous fact, and also the presence of something: the fact of existence, struggle, victory, deceit, participation. Factor - moment, an essential circumstance in any process, phenomenon: take into account the time factor; important factor; surprise factor.
PREDATORY - PREDATORY predatory - characteristic of a predator, predatory: predatory instinct; predatory lifestyle; predatory trade; predatory capital; and also - mismanagement, pursuing the goals of the immediate benefit: predatory deforestation; predatory fishing. Predatory - eating other animals: a predatory beast; predatory fish; and also - greedy, bloodthirsty, aggressive: predatory look, grin; predatory eyes; predatory nature.
WHOLE - WHOLE whole - all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; also - significant, large: a whole pile of papers; a range of questions; a whole story came out; and also - unharmed: all things are intact. Whole - holistic: whole person, image, character; an integral worldview, feeling, also - one substance, a piece, solid: a solid slab, solid granite; and also - possessing internal unity: an integral piece of music.
CYCLIC - CYCLICcyclical - With ending in cycles, completed periods: cyclical development, movement, and also - constituting a cycle, a complete circle, a system: a cyclic system of chronology; cyclic musical forms. cyclical - the same as cyclic in the first sense: cyclical development; and also - built on repetitive circles of operations, work: cyclic organization of work, cyclic schedule.
HUMAN – HUMANhuman - pertaining to man: human society, human culture, human language ; also - inherent in man: human passions, feelings, aspirations, weaknesses, vices , and also - the same as human in meaning: expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: human treatment, participation, human law.
Humane - attentive, responsive, sensitive To other people: a human investigator, an examiner, a man, and also - expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: humane law, humane attitude, participation.
JOKE - JOKEplayful - prone to jokes: a joking person, tone, gesture, also having the character of a joke, fun: a playful conversation, a story. comic - jocular, jocular, amusing story, feuilleton.
ECONOMIC – ECONOMIC – ECONOMICEconomic - related to the economy, economic: economic crisis, economic policy, geography. Economical - d giving the opportunity to save, profitable: economical machine, lamp, technology. Economical - thrifty: economical hostess, and also - promoting economy: an economical way of life.
AESTHETIC - AESTHETICaesthetic - related to aesthetics: aesthetic taste, journal, aesthetic research;
aesthetic - beautiful, graceful: aesthetic method, approach, aesthetic form.
EFFICIENCY - EFFICIENCYefficiency - efficiency, effectiveness: the effectiveness of the method, performances, engine . Effectiveness - catchiness: showiness of a phrase, costume.
CLEAR - CLEARexplicit - obvious, undisguised: a clear sign, enemy, deceit, obvious hostility; clear - distinct, well distinguishable: a distinct whisper, splash, distinct outlines, traces.
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