Presentation on the topic and Gaidar distant countries. Presentation for a literature lesson "Arkady Petrovich Gaidar"
Presentation competition “Great People of Russia” Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (Golikov) Authors: - Kuznetsova Anna Alekseevna, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 7, Klin, primary school teacher, 1st qualification category; - Andrikova Tatyana Borisovna, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 7, Klin, primary school teacher, 1st qualification category Teachers Mutual Help Community website
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Arkady Petrovich Gaidar Childhood Military youth Writer Gaidar in the war Pseudonym 1904 - 1941 Memory
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Gaidar writer Since 1925, Arkady began to engage in writing; his first work was a story called “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” which was published in the famous almanac “Bucket.” Soon Arkady moved to the Perm region, where he worked for the local newspaper Zvezda. It was in Perm that the public saw the first story of the writer under the pseudonym “Gaidar”, it was the story “Corner House”.
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Gaidar writer In his works, Arkady glorified sincere friendship and military camaraderie, which made him a great classic children's writer. Gaidar's most famous stories are “School”, “The Fourth Dugout”, “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, “The Blue Cup”, “Hot Stone”. All these children's works were written in 6 years from 1930 to 1936.
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Gaidar writer The story “Timur and His Team,” written in 1940, stands apart in the writer’s work. It should be noted that it was this work that inspired the youth of that time to create the Timur movement, the purpose of which was to help pensioners and veterans on behalf of the pioneers.
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Gaidar writer Most of Arkady's works received their own film adaptations, were included in the school curriculum and were even translated into several foreign languages.
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Why Gaidar? Two versions of the origin of the pseudonym These are the first letters of the phrase “Golikov Arkady from Arzamas”, composed in the French way: “G.A-Y. gift". When Mongol cavalry went on a campaign in ancient times, they sent a rider ahead. This rider, galloping ahead of everyone, looking into the alarming distance where the detachment was heading, was called “Gaidar.”
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Gaidar at War As soon as the Great Patriotic War began, he immediately rushed to where the fate of his homeland was being decided and where it seemed unthinkable for him not to be. Having become a special correspondent for the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, he hurried to the front. In the fall of 1941, he was a correspondent on the Southwestern Front. He voluntarily remained behind enemy lines and became a partisan in the Dnieper forests. Several times the writer was persistently offered a plane to fly across the front line to his own. Gaidar refused to leave the detachment, remaining, as always, true to himself and his all-consuming sense of soldierly duty...
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Gaidar in the war He was loved and respected in the detachment: a strong, kind, warm-hearted man, and his courage was cheerful. He was known as an excellent machine gunner.
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Gaidar in the war On October 26, 1941, Gaidar, accompanied by four partisans, went on reconnaissance in the vicinity of the village of Leplyavy. A large detachment of fascist SS men lay in ambush at the crossing. And a small partisan detachment went out at dawn right into this ambush. Gaidar was the first to see the Nazis. He instantly realized that only by his death could he warn his comrades following him. Straightening up to his full height, Gaidar loudly shouted: “Attack, follow me!” And he rushed straight towards the SS men. A furious volley of enemy machine guns hit the partisans. But, realizing what was happening, they managed to instantly lie down for defense. Gaidar also fell onto the embankment. He fell and could no longer get up.
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Gaidar at war Grave of A.P. Gaidar
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Gaidar's military youth In 1918, when the bullet-pierced red October battle banner soared higher and higher above our land, fourteen-year-old Arkady Golikov decided to fight “for a better life, for happiness, for the brotherhood of peoples, for Soviet power.” This is how Arkady Gaidar’s adult life began with the war, at less than fifteen years old. Straight from the war.
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Gaidar's military youth Arkady Petrovich spent six years in the Red Army. He fell in love with the army of the Land of the Soviets with all his pure and restless being, became close to the military family and thought. stay in it for life. But in 1923, Gaidar became seriously ill - an old head concussion took its toll. He had to take treatment, and in April 1924, when Gaidar turned twenty, he was transferred to the reserve as a regiment commander.
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Gaidar's military youth Arkady Golikov, the future writer Gaidar, walked a long, glorious battle path along the fronts of the civil war.
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar Arkady Gaidar (real name Golikov) was born on January 22, 1904, in a small town in the Kursk region. His father, a school teacher, Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov, was from a peasant background. Mother - Natalya Arkadyevna, was a noblewoman of a not very noble family (she was even Lermontov’s sixth great-great-great-niece), worked first as a teacher, later as a paramedic.. After the birth of Arkady, three more children appeared in the family - his younger sisters.
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar Pyotr Isidorovich and Natalya Arkadyevna Golikov Arkady Gaidar in childhood
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar Arkady's childhood, with his usual boyish activities - real school, games, first poems, "sea battles" on the pond - coincided with the First World War and the revolution. He called it a fun time. Dreams came true - you could easily exchange a revolver at the market, hear revolutionaries - Socialist Revolutionaries, Cadets, Bolsheviks - live.
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar Arkady studied not very diligently. True, more often than others he received A's in literature, which was taught in their class by Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov, his favorite teacher, whom he introduced under the nickname "Galka" on the pages of "School" in 1916.
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar Arkady is not at all a quiet and “bookish” boy. He is tall, strong, broad-shouldered. Full of a thirst for activity, decisive, courageous, accustomed to independence, enjoys authority among his comrades. But school work cannot captivate him very much; Gaidar wants more. Therefore, Arkady comes to the Bolsheviks.
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Childhood of A.P. Gaidar This is how Arkady Golikov’s childhood ends and strange and contradictory military activities begin. Monument to Arkady Golikov in Arzamas
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Memory of Gaidar The name of Gaidar was given to many schools, streets of cities and villages of the USSR. The monument to the hero of Gaidar’s story Malchish-Kibalchish is the first monument to a literary character in Moscow, erected in 1972 near the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity on Vorobyovy Gory
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Memory of Gaidar From 1938 to 1941, A.P. Gaidar lived in Klin, near Moscow, on Bolshevistskaya Street (now Gaidar Street). Here he wrote the works “Timur and his team”, “Smoke in the Forest”, “Commandant of the Snow Fortress”. A memorial house-museum of the writer has been opened in Klin.
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Memory of Gaidar Many city children's libraries bear the name of A.P. Gaidar. In Arzamas, the name of A.P. Gaidar was given to one of the streets, the city park of culture and recreation, school No. 7, the central city children's library, and the Arzamas State Pedagogical Institute. Park of Culture and Leisure named after. A.P. Gaidar
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Arkady Gaidar Born: January 22, 1904 City: Lgov Died: October 26, 1941 City: Moscow Author of the presentation Olga Viktorovna Liventsova GBOU Secondary School No. 473
Born in 1904 in the village of a sugar factory near Lgov, now the Kursk region, in a family of teachers - Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov (1879-1927) and Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova (1884-1924), a noblewoman, a distant relative of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The parents of the future writer took part in the revolutionary uprising in 1905. Soon P.I. Golikov received an appointment to Arzamas. Arkady Golikov lived there with his family until 1918. Arzamas. The house where A. Gaidar spent his childhood. Now the house houses a museum.
In the mid-1920s, Arkady married a 17-year-old Komsomol member from Perm, Lia Lazareva Solomyanskaya. In 1926, their son Timur was born in Arkhangelsk. But after five years, the wife left for someone else. In 1934, A.P. Gaidar came to see his son in the village of Ivnya, Belgorod Region, where L.L. Solomyanskaya edited the large-circulation newspaper of the political department of the Ivnyanskaya MTS “For the Harvest.” Here the writer worked on the stories “Blue Stars”, “Bumbarash” and “Military Secret”, and also participated in the work of the newspaper (wrote feuilletons, captions for cartoons). In the summer of 1938, Gaidar met D. M. Chernysheva and married her
One of the few books that Gaidar wrote
Arkady Gaidar died on October 26, 1941. Five partisans led by Gaidar moved towards the new base of the partisan detachment (carrying food for the fighters); on the morning of October 26, 1941, they stopped for a rest next to the railway embankment near the village of Leplyavo. Gaidar took a bucket to collect potatoes from the trackman's house. At the very crest of the embankment I noticed Germans hiding in ambush. He managed to shout: “Guys, Germans!” - after which he was killed by a machine-gun burst. This saved the others - they managed to escape the ambush. He was buried in the city of Kanev. Schools and libraries, streets in cities and towns are named after Gaidar. Arkady's son, Timur Gaidar, became a rear admiral, and his grandson, Yegor Gaidar, became the youngest prime minister in Russian history.
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Arkady Petrovich Gaidar Titova Alena Vladimirovna as a teacher at MKOU Ordynsk sanatorium boarding school
“He was cheerful and straightforward, like a child. His words did not diverge from deeds, thought from feeling, life from poetry. He was both the author and the hero of his books.” S. Marshak
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name - Golikov). Born on January 22, 1904 in the village of a sugar factory near Lgov, now the Kursk region, in the family of a teacher - Pyotr Isidorovich and Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova, a noblewoman, a distant relative of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
Life for a 13-year-old teenager, a future famous writer, is a game full of dangers: he participates in rallies, patrols the streets of Arzamas, and becomes a Bolshevik liaison. At the age of 14 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and worked for the local newspaper Molot. In January 1919, as a volunteer, hiding his age, Arkady entered the Red Army, soon became an adjutant, studied at the Red commanders' courses, took part in battles, where he was wounded. Arkady left to fight when he was not yet fifteen years old. He raved about military exploits from the time when his father, Pyotr Isidorovich, a rural teacher, took part in the First World War.
In 1920, Arkady Golikov was already a headquarters commissar. In 1921 - commander of a department of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. He fought on the Caucasian front, on the Don, near Sochi, participated in the suppression of the Antonov rebellion, and in Khakassia he took part in operations against the “Emperor of the Taiga” I. N. Solovyov. Accused of arbitrary execution (in the case of I.N. Solovyov), he was expelled from the party for six months and sent on long leave due to a nervous illness, which subsequently did not leave him throughout his life. “Youthful maximalism, a thirst for exploits, an early sense of power and responsibility confirmed Golikov in the idea that the only possible future for him was to be an officer in the Red Army. He is preparing to enter the military academy, but after a shell shock he is demobilized. And he starts writing.
During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. He was a witness and participant in the Kyiv defensive operation of the Southwestern Front. He wrote military essays “At the crossing”, “The bridge”, “At the front line”, “Rockets and grenades”. After the encirclement of the Southwestern Front near Kiev, in September 1941, Arkady Petrovich ended up in Gorelov’s partisan detachment. He was a machine gunner in the detachment. On October 26, 1941, near the village of Lyaplyavaya in Ukraine, Arkady Gaidar died in battle with the Germans, warning members of his squad about the danger. Buried in Kanev. He was 37 years old.
Literary activity The author's mentors in the literary field were M. Slonimsky, K. Fedin, S. Semenov. Gaidar began publishing in 1925. The work "R.V.S." turned out to be significant. The writer became a true classic of children's literature, becoming famous for his works about military camaraderie and sincere friendship. The literary pseudonym "Gaidar" stands for "Golikov Arkady D" ARzamas " (in imitation of the name D'Artagnan from Dumas' "The Three Musketeers"). The most famous works of Arkady Gaidar: "P.B.C." (1925), "Distant Countries", "The Fourth Dugout", "School" (1930), "Timur and His Team" (1940), "Chuk and Gek", "The Fate of the Drummer", stories "Hot Stone", "Blue cup"… The writer's works were included in the school curriculum, were actively filmed, and translated into many languages of the world. The work “Timur and His Team” actually marked the beginning of a unique Timur movement, which aimed at voluntary assistance to veterans and elderly people on the part of the pioneers.
Several films have been made based on Gaidar's works: "Bumbarash". "Timur and his team", 1940 "Timur and his team", 1976 "Timur's Oath" "The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish" "The Fate of the Drummer", 1955 "The Fate of the Drummer", 1976 "School" "Chuk and Gek"
Gaidar's name was given to many schools, streets of cities and villages of the USSR. The monument to the hero of Gaidar's story Malchish-Kibalchish - the first monument to a literary character in the capital (sculptor V.K. Frolov, architect V.S. Kubasov) - was erected in 1972 near the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity on Vorobyovy Gory. Arkady Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, posthumously.
Internet resources http:// www.people.su/131397 http:// www.piplz.ru/page.php?id=130 http:// gaidarovka-metod.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 143&Itemid=122 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%E0%E9%E4%E0%F0,_%C0%F0%EA%E0%E4%E8%E9_% CF%E5%F2% F0%EE%E2%E8%F7
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GAYDAR ARKADY PETROVICH (real name Golikov) (1904–1941) “He was cheerful and straightforward, like a child. His words did not diverge from deeds, thought from feeling, life from poetry. He was both the author and the hero of his books ". S. Marshak
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In 1911, the Golikovs moved to Arzamas, where Arkady went to study at a real school. Life for a 13-year-old teenager, a future famous writer, is a game full of dangers: he participates in rallies, patrols the streets of Arzamas, and becomes a liaison for the Bolsheviks. At the age of 14 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and worked for the local newspaper Molot. Golikovs, 1914
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Scene from the children's play “Among the Flowers.” Arkady as a gardener. Next to him are his sisters Natasha, Olya and Katya. 1916
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In January 1919, as a volunteer, hiding his age, Arkady entered the Red Army, soon became an adjutant, studied at the Red commanders' courses, took part in battles, where he was wounded. Arkady left to fight when he was not yet fifteen years old. He raved about military exploits from the time when his father, Pyotr Isidorovich, a rural teacher, took part in the First World War. Probably, the same fate happened to hundreds of Russian boys who were born into intelligent families, studied in gymnasiums and secondary schools, and never completed their studies. Arkady Gaidar in the Red Army. 1919. The photograph was sent home from the front to Arzamas.
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Arkady Gaidar in 1919. Arzamas. On the back of the photograph, in Gaidar’s hand, is written: “Adjutant to the commander of the defense of all railways. Gaidar is 15 years old. The inscription was made in 1927."
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In 1920, Arkady Golikov was already a commissar of headquarters. In 1921 - commander of a department of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. He fought on the Caucasian front, on the Don, near Sochi, participated in the suppression of the Antonov rebellion, and in Khakassia he took part in operations against the “Emperor of the Taiga” I. N. Solovyov. Accused of arbitrary execution (in the case of I.N. Solovyov), he was expelled from the party for six months and sent on long leave due to a nervous illness, which subsequently did not leave him throughout his life. “Youthful maximalism, a thirst for exploits, an early sense of power and responsibility confirmed Golikov in the idea that the only possible future for him was to be an officer in the Red Army. He is preparing to enter the military academy, but after a shell shock he is demobilized. He must forget about the military field and the life experience accumulated during the years of the civil war draws him to writing. Perm, 1925
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Arkady Gaidar and Natalya Arkadyevna. The photo dates back to 1924, when Arkady visited his sick mother in Crimea.
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The first publication dates back to 1925. His story “In the Days of Defeats and Victories” was published in the magazine “Star”. It didn't bring success. Gaidar, translated from Tatar, means “a horseman galloping ahead.” In the old days, warriors - horsemen sent forward a horseman who galloped ahead of everyone and peered into the unknown distance, always ready to warn the detachment. With this pseudonym Golikov first signed the short story “The Corner House,” created in 1925 in Perm, where Arkady Petrovich lived at that time and worked on a story about the struggle of local workers against the autocracy. In the Perm newspaper “Zvezda” and other publications, the writer publishes feuilletons, poems, notes about a trip to Central Asia, a fantastic story “The Secret of the Mountain”, an excerpt from the story “Knights of the Inaccessible Mountains” (another name is “Riders of the Inaccessible Mountains” (1927), poem “Machine Gun Blizzard.” During this period, his “children’s” writing orientation had not yet emerged, but already in the story “R.V.S.” Gaidar declared himself as a writer capable of telling with subtle skill about the complex world of a child, making it clear that following the age-old moral laws of duty, honor, and loyalty to the Motherland is not easy for children. Gaidar was one of the first who, following the traditions of classical Russian and world prose about children, was able to show a child in incredible reality without exaggeration.
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In Perm, Gaidar married Ruva-Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya (1908-1986), the daughter of a Bolshevik, a native of the Minsk province Lazar Grigorievich. She was a journalist and organizer of the pioneer movement in Perm. She was a member of the editorial board of the Perm newspaper “Na Smenu” and worked on the radio. In cinema - since 1935 (first she worked at Mosfilm, then as head of the script department at Soyuzdetfilm). During the Great Patriotic War, he was a military journalist for the Znamya newspaper. After the war, she collaborated with various newspapers and magazines. In 1926, Arkady Gaidar and Leah Solomyanskaya had a son, Timur, in Arkhangelsk. A.P. Gaidar, L.L. Solomyanskaya, Timur
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Since 1927, Gaidar lived in Sverdlovsk, where he published the story “Forest Brothers” in the Ural Worker newspaper. In the summer of 1927, already a fairly famous writer, he moved to Moscow, where, among many journalistic works and poems, he published a detective adventure story “On the Count's Ruins” (1928). The story was filmed in 1957. (director V.N. Skuibin).
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In 1931, Solomyanskaya and Gaidar separated. Arkady Gaidar leaves for Khabarovsk as a correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In 1930, the autobiographical story “School” was published. In 1932 - the story “Distant Countries”, in 1935 - “Military Secret”, and written back in 1933 and included in the story “The Tale of a Military Secret” receives not just a realistic frame - it is, as it were, continued by the dramatic events of real life. In 1935, the story “The Fate of the Drummer” was published, in 1936 the story “The Blue Cup” was published - a lyrical short story telling about one day in one family, about a quarrel in the family. The “Blue Cup” is a symbol of peace and mutual understanding, fragile and extremely necessary for everyone.
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In mid-1938, Gaidar settled in Klin in the Chernyshovs’ house: the head of the family had a private shoemaker’s workshop in Klin and a small factory in Moscow. Gaidar marries Chernyshov’s daughter, Dora Matveevna, and adopts his wife’s child, the girl Zhenya, whose name, along with the name of his son, he gives to the main characters of the famous story “Timur and His Team,” written in Klin. Soon the film “Timur and His Team” (directed by A.E. Razumny), based on the screenplay of A.P. Gaidar, will be released on the screens of the country, telling about the brave and sympathetic pioneer boy Timur Garayev and his friends who helped the families of front-line soldiers.
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The fascination of the plot, the rapid lightness of the narrative, the transparent clarity of the language with the fearless introduction of significant and tragic events into the “children’s” life, the poetic “atmosphere”, the trust and seriousness of the tone, the indisputability of the code of “knightly honor”, camaraderie and mutual assistance - all this ensured a sincere and long-term the love of young readers for Gaidar, the official classic of Soviet children's literature. The noble initiative of the hero of the story, Timur, served as an incentive for the emergence and widespread spread throughout the country of the Timur movement, which was especially relevant in the 1940–1950s.
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Arkady Petrovich GAYDAR (Golikov) Biography pages January 22, 1904 - October 26 years since birth
Childhood The future writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar was born on January 22, 1904 in the city of Lgov, Kursk region, into a family of rural teachers. Pyotr Isidorovich and Natalya Arkadyevna loved their profession; in the evenings free from classes they studied French and German. My father was interested in apiary and gardening. I made stools and shelves for books.
Children's games Arkady invented new interesting games for himself and his younger sister. The city of Arzamas, where the family moved, was remembered by the children as a city of apples and churches. Dad often told the children stories from the lives of different nations, they often taught and recited poems, and sang songs. At the age of 8, the boy entered a private school, and at the age of 10, he entered a secondary school, where he received extensive knowledge.
School life During these years, Arkady began to write poetry. With friends, he took part in stage performances based on the works of Gogol and Ostrovsky, recited poetry, while smiling shyly. City of Arzamas. Real school, where A. Golikov (Gaidar) studied from 1914 to 1918.
Arkady's father is a participant in the First World War. During the years, Arkady's father participated in military events. The boy wrote to his father like a child: “Daddy, I know that some people send rifles from the front as gifts. Maybe you can send it to me sometime, I really want to. How are you living, dear daddy? If you come after September, bring me something from the war...”
Arkady is the chairman of the student committee. The revolution changed Arkady's life: he was drawn to high school students who were part of the revolutionary youth circle, participated in the movement to democratize the situation at school, and acquired a reputation as a political leader. Soon the Revolutionary Headquarters gave him a rifle, and Arkady patrols the streets, becoming a defender of Soviet power. On the streets of the city.
1919 – 1924 – youth in combat “Entered the Red Army in Arzamas in December 1918. In 1919, he participated almost the entire summer in battles against atamans in Ukraine. On August 23, he was appointed commander of the 6th company of the cadet regiment of the Shock Brigade, in which he took part in the fiercest battles for the defense of Kiev from Ataman Petliura,” Golikov wrote in his autobiography. A. Golikov, enlisted in the commandant’s team of the Defense Headquarters of all railways of the Republic. End of 1918
Arkady's combat service At fifteen he commanded a company, and at seventeen he commanded an anti-banditry regiment. At the age of twenty, after numerous wounds and shell shocks, he was sent to the reserve as a regiment commander. A. Golikov, company commander. A. Golikov, battalion commander. 1922
Arkady Gaidar – journalist, writer “Since then I began to write. Probably because I was still a boy in the army, I wanted to tell the new boys and girls what life was like? How it all began and how it continued, because I still managed to see a lot,” explains Arkady Petrovich’s choice of profession as a writer.
“I don’t want to be in the reserve,” Arkady Gaidar wrote on June 22, 1941 in a statement to send him to the front. July 18 – October 26, 1941, a military journalist takes part in battles, is forced to retreat near Kiev, is surrounded, and joins a partisan detachment. “If it is necessary to knock out German vehicles, Gaidar commanded the ambush. It is necessary to get food for the detachment - Gaidar is in this group and under the noses of the policemen he is getting food. He didn’t think about himself when he went into battle,” recalled partisan I. Tyutyunnik. A. Gaidar at the front. Map of A. Gaidar’s military roads.
Death of A. Gaidar On the night of October 26, 1941, a group of partisans was returning from a mission. While crossing the railway tracks we came across Germans. A. Gaidar was the first to notice them. “Guys, Germans!” - he managed to shout to his comrades. A. Gaidar, who defended his Motherland, died in order to save his comrades at the cost of his life. The village of Leplyava, Kanevsky district near Kiev, near which A. Gaidar died. Place of death of A. Gaidar.
Arkady Gaidar with the pioneers of the city.
