Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

V.A. Mozart was called a sunny boy in childhood, in early adolescence - a child prodigy, and then - a genius.

At the age of 4 he freely played the violin and harpsichord, at the age of 6 he began composing music, at 7 he improvised, competing with famous musicians, at the age of 14 he was recognized as a composer, and at 15 - a member music academies Bologna and Verona.

He lived only 35 years and created

626 musical works,

including:

23 operas,

18 sonatas,

23 piano concertos,

41 symphonies.

He worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all.

Brief encyclopedic reference

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) – great Austrian composer and conductor, representative of the Vienna classical school music, author of more than 600 musical works. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal musical ear, memory and ability to improvise. Internationally recognized as one of greatest composers: his uniqueness lies in the fact that he worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all.

Early years.

1.Salzburg. The house where W.A. Mozart was born. 2.Leopold Mozart. Hood. P. Lorenz. 3.Watercolor by artist Carmontel. A lesson for Wolfgang and Anna.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptismal name: Johann Chrysostomos Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) born on January 27, 1756 in the small Austrian town of Salzburg. The first two words in his full name are the name of St. John Chrysostom, the last in Latin means “beloved of God.” Mozart himself preferred to be called Wolfgang.

His father, Leopolda Mozart, was a court organist and at the same time the most famous music teacher in Europe. His book “The Experience of a Solid Violin School” was published in 1756, the year of Mozart’s birth, went through many editions and was translated into Russian. The musical talent of Wolfgang and his older sister Anna was discovered in early childhood. The father himself taught his son to play the organ, violin, and harpsichord. At three years old the boy confidently improvised, and at five he composed musical works.

4.Six-year-old Mozart in a suit donated by the Empress. Hood. P. Lorenz. 5. The Mozart family. On the wall is a portrait of the mother. Hood. I. Nepomuk de Croce.

Deciding to show his little child prodigy son to the public, Leopold Mozart undertook a successful concert tour in Germany, Switzerland, and Holland in 1762, when his son was only 6 years old. The family was twice honored with a reception from Empress Maria Theresa. The Mozarts' concert tours continue for about ten years, everywhere and always The boy Mozart's music amazed listeners with its amazing beauty and harmony. In addition to Wolfgang, his older sister Anna, a gifted singer, is participating in the tour.

By the age of 17, the repertoire young composer included more than 40 major works. Concerts brought considerable income to the family, but required great physical and mental expenditure from the little musicians.

In 1763, four works by the young composer were published in France. sonata form for clavier and violin. It was a real confession.

6.Order of the Golden Spur. 7. The son of J.S. Bach is Christian Bach. Hood. T. Gainsborough. 8. Portrait of Mozart. Hood. Doris Stock.

The trip to London (1764 – 1765) was especially important for the Mozarts. Immediately upon arrival they were received by King George III. Composer Johann Christian Bach (son of the great Johann Sebastian Bach), whom Mozart many years later would call his teacher, was present at one of the concerts. It was in London that the first symphonies were composed.

From 1766 to 1769, living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the work of the great masters, in particular Handel.

1769 – 1770 – trip to Italy. Mozart is received by King Ferdinand IV and Pope Clement XIV, who awards the musician the Order of the Golden Spur.

In 1770-1774, Mozart lived in Italy, where he studied European music and mastered the subtleties of craftsmanship, met outstanding musicians of his time. His first operas were also created there (“The Imaginary Simpleton”, “Mithridates - King of Pontus”, “Lucius Sulla”, “The Dream of Scipio”), which had big success from the public.

The flourishing of creativity.

The heyday of Mozart’s work is considered to be the 70s of the 18th century, when he created such works as Symphony No. 31 (Paris), 6 clavier sonatas, sacred choirs, a concert for flute and harp, and 12 ballet numbers.
At the same time, Mozart was having a hard time with the death of his mother. The loss changed the style of his works from serene, sunny to stormy, dramatic.

At this time (1779) Mozart begins to serve. And his first place of permanent work was the position of court organist in hometown. But court life weighs heavily on the independent and freedom-loving creative personality already famous musician, and he chooses the difficult path of a free musician and difficult worries about his daily bread.

Peak of glory.

In 1781 on opera stage Mozart's opera Idomeneo debuted in Munich and was a great success with the public. Mozart decides to finally settle in Vienna. In 1783 he married Constance Weber. At this time, Mozart became widely famous in Vienna; His “academies” were extremely popular - the so-called public author’s concerts, in which the works of one composer were performed by himself. In Vienna the most significant works opera and symphonic genres. The famous operas “The Marriage of Figaro” and “Don Giovanni” (both written together with the poet Lorenzo da Ponte) are staged in all major theaters in Europe, becoming outstanding examples of operatic realism.

In 1789, the composer received a very lucrative offer to head the court chapel in Berlin. Musical world at that time did not understand his refusal, which was at the same time fraught with financial difficulties. The composer himself made a choice in favor of family and creativity.

Caring for the financial support of his children, Mozart was forced to work hard. At this time he is haunted by failures. "Don Juan" unexpectedly flops in Vienna. Mozart was forced to take the position of composer and conductor at the court of Emperor Joseph II, who understood little about music and could publicly say that Mozart’s works were “not to the taste of the Viennese.”

Last great essay Mozart's opera became a genius German « magical flute"(1791) - a kind of spiritual testament.

9.Hood. I.Edlinger. Lifetime portrait of W.A. Mozart. Munich. 1790. 10.Vienna. The house in which

Death.

The last years of Mozart's life were tragic. My wife was seriously ill. Worries and stress creative work completely undermined the health of the 35-year-old composer. Since November 1791, Mozart was sick a lot and did not get out of bed at all. He felt the approach of death, so he mystically perceived the order to create the funeral mass “Requiem”. The order was made by Count Walsegg-Stuppach in memory of his deceased wife. There is information that the count was distinguished by the fact that he commissioned works from talented composers, which he later performed under his own name. This should have been the case with Requiem. Mozart worked until his strength left him, but the Requiem was never finished. The work was completed by Mozart's student Süssmayer, who used sketches and sketches of his great teacher.

The last months of the composer's life were spent in poverty. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on December 5, 1791 from an acute fever. Buried in common grave for the poor at St. Mark's Cemetery in Vienna. However, the famous legend about the poisoning of Mozart by his friend and rival Salieri, which has not found historical confirmation, continues to live.

For the Viennese, Mozart’s death passed almost unnoticed, but in Prague, with a large crowd of people (about 4,000 people), in memory of Mozart on the 9th day after his death, 120 musicians performed with special additions “Requiem” by Antonio Rosetti, written back in 1776.

We invite you to watch one of the best documentary biographical films about the great Mozart. It was created by German musicologist and composer Malcoln Hossick based on published materials and personal impressions. The film in mp4 format lasts 26 minutes and covers all the main events from the life of Mozart. Follow the link to youtube: https://youtu.be/updJKzBBe5A - or just click on the frame.

The aria of the Queen of the Night by W.A. Mozart sounds.

Who wrote this piece of music?

What is it called?

Look what interesting portraits The queens of the night were drawn by the guys.

Which composers is W.A. Mozart?

Who else relates to this musical direction?

Why are these composers called Viennese classics?

Guys, the creativity of each of them Viennese classics has its own striking features, but only one composer is called “ sunlight" in music. Name of this musical genius– W.A. Mozart.

Do you know in which city Mozart was born? Who was his first teacher? How many works did he create?

What do you think is the purpose of our lesson today?

Absolutely right. Today we will continue to study the work of the “sunny” composer. Prodigy - “miracle child”, Mozart became the pinnacle European culture 18th century.

We get acquainted with Mozart's music from the very beginning early age– from the moment we start watching the re-

dacha " Good night, kids!

The teacher hums the melody of a lullaby.

We all know the lullaby “Sleep, my joy, fall asleep...”

But this melody was composed by Mozart. But that's not all.

The teacher plays a children's song.

This children's song is familiar to us from childhood: “Once upon a time

Grandma has a gray goat.” This is also Mozart's music.

The music of an 18th century composer continues

make us happy today.

Speaking modern language, these are hits that have broken all existing world records in popularity and longevity. Let's turn to some pages of W.A. Mozart's biography. I suggest you watch a video presentation about life genius composer.

After viewing, you will need to answer the following questions:

In what city, in what year was W.A. Mozart born?

What was the name of Mozart's father?

What was the name of Mozart's wife?

How long did Mozart live and how many works did he create during his life?

Video presentation “Eternal sunlight“Your name is Mozart” (Appendix 5).

The teacher asks questions.

Guys, Mozart was a universal composer.

He left a rich legacy in all musical genres. But the composer’s lyrical images. Why do we unmistakably guess: the music of Mozart sounds? The answer to this question is encrypted on the board. What remedy musical expressiveness is the main thing in Mozart's music?

MELODY

Please read in your textbooks on page 52 what Mozart himself wrote about this.

To understand how beautiful the music of W.A. Mozart is, we will begin to learn a fragment of his vocal work.

Mozart's canon “Dona nobis pacem” sounds

(“Give us peace” Appendix 2).

What was the mood in the music?

Was the work sounded in Russian?

The work contains only three words: Latin“Dona nobis pacem”, which translates into Russian as “Give us peace.” We will learn it in Latin.

This is amazingly beautiful vocal piece. The performance should be sublime, divine, as if angels were performing their song.

Learning a fragment (period) of the canon by V.A. Mozart.

Attention to clear pronunciation, flexible phrasing, covered vowels o, a, e. Vocalized singing starting with “a”. Learning with words. Working with strokes, building the dynamic development of the work.

Guys, let's take a little rest. Imagine that you are members of a symphony orchestra. Now you will play the instruments that I will name.

(Sounds by W.A. Mozart “The Marriage of Figaro” Overture).

In this lesson we will get acquainted with another outstanding work by Mozart, known throughout the world.

Symphony No. 40 (fragment) sounds.

What is the mood in the work?

Who performs?

What genre do you think this music belongs to, which flourished in the 18th century?

Let's read what a symphony is in textbooks on page 52.

What Greek word does the word symphony come from?

How many movements does the symphony consist of?

Who performs the symphony?

It is noteworthy that the classical composition of the symphony orchestra was formed in the 18th century, in the work of J. Haydn.

What other orchestras do you know?

Of all the orchestras existing today Symphony Orchestra- the largest in composition and the most powerful in sound. But we see that thanks to the composer genius of W.A. Mozart, even the most powerful orchestra can sound like a beautiful stream or source. Symphony No. 40 or the fortieth symphony is sublime, exciting, amazing in its beauty, makes us rise above our worries and think about something bright, pure and beautiful. Who runs the orchestra?

And now you will have the opportunity to become conductors for a few minutes and perform a fragment of Mozart’s fortieth symphony.

Symphony No. 40 is played again.

Well done! You were excellent conductors.

So, what composers does W.A. Mozart belong to?

What means of musical expression defines the essence of Mozart's music?

Mozart's music is a miracle!

I would like Mozart’s music to sound everywhere, and maybe then our world would become cleaner, brighter and kinder.

Performing the song “Music Lives Everywhere.” Lyrics by V. Suslov, music. Ya.Dubravina.

Is our musical journey has come to an end. Please tell me what you remember most?

Which musical fragments did you like it?

Why? Would you like to learn more about Mozart's life and listen to his works?

Today all the guys worked great and get a “5” rating.

The music of W.A. Mozart sounds.

Academic music of the 20th century in faces

Sergei Prokofiev could have become not only a recognized composer, but also a writer. Despite difficult circumstances, both his character and his work remained optimistic. Without a doubt, his works are important element academic music XX century. Concepture continues to highlight the most prominent composers of this period.

Perhaps you didn't know:

Child of the Sun From 1916 to 1921, Prokofiev collected an album of autographs from his friends who answered the question: “What do you think about the sun?” Later it will be called “Wooden Book”. Among those who responded were K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Dostoevskaya, F. Chaliapin, A. Rubinstein, V. Burliuk, V. Mayakovsky, K. Balmont. Prokofiev's work is often called sunny, optimistic, and cheerful. He even called his place of birth (the village of Sontsovka) in the Little Russian manner - So(l)tsevka.

The favorite of the authorities In the 30s, the USSR authorities called him home and promised him the status of “first composer”, Better conditions, despite the fact that in general repatriates are treated rather poorly (calling them “defectors”). He was given a huge apartment in a house on Zemlyanoy Val, 14, where the pilot V. Chkalov, the poet S. Marshak and others lived. He was allowed to bring a blue Ford and get a personal driver. After the war, Prokofiev mainly lived at his dacha in the village of Nikolina Gora near Moscow (bought with the Stalin Prize).

Musical prodigy Love of music little Sergei it was instilled in him by his mother Maria Grigorievna, who was a good pianist. At the age of five he composed his first work - the play "Indian Gallop". By the age of ten, he would have already written the opera “The Giant” and the first act of the second opera “On the Deserted Islands.”

What would our life be like without music? For many years, people have asked themselves this question and come to the conclusion that without the beautiful sounds of music, the world would be a very different place. Music helps us feel joy more fully, find our inner self and cope with difficulties. Composers, working on their works, were inspired by a variety of things: love, nature, war, happiness, sadness and much more. Some of the ones they created musical compositions, will forever remain in the hearts and memories of people. Here is a list of the ten greatest and talented composers during all this time. Under each composer you will find a link to one of his most famous works.

10 PHOTO (VIDEO)

Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer who lived only 32 years, but his music will live on for a very long time. Schubert wrote nine symphonies, about 600 vocal compositions, and a large number of chamber and solo piano music.

"Evening Serenade"

German composer and pianist, author of two serenades, four symphonies, as well as concerts for violin, piano and cello. He performed at concerts from the age of ten, performing for the first time with solo concert at 14 years old. During his lifetime, he gained popularity primarily due to the waltzes and Hungarian dances he wrote.

"Hungarian Dance No. 5".

George Frideric Handel - German and English composer Baroque era, he wrote about 40 operas, many organ concerts, and chamber music. Handel's music has been played at the coronations of English kings since 973, it is also heard at royal wedding ceremonies and is even used as the anthem of the UEFA Champions League (with a small arrangement).

"Music on the water"

Joseph Haydn- a famous and prolific Austrian composer of the classical era, he is called the father of the symphony, as he made significant contributions to the development of this musical genre. Joseph Haydn is the author of 104 symphonies, 50 piano sonatas, 24 operas and 36 concertos

"Symphony No. 45".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is the most famous Russian composer, author of more than 80 works, including 10 operas, 3 ballets and 7 symphonies. He was very popular and known as a composer during his lifetime, and performed in Russia and abroad as a conductor.

"Waltz of the Flowers" from the ballet "The Nutcracker".

Frédéric François Chopin is a Polish composer who is also considered one of the best pianists of all times. He wrote many pieces of music for piano, including 3 sonatas and 17 waltzes.

"Rain waltz".

Venetian composer and virtuoso violinist Antonio Lucio Vivaldi is the author of more than 500 concertos and 90 operas. He had a huge influence on the development of Italian and world violin art.

"Elf Song"

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer who amazed the world with his talent with early childhood. Already at the age of five, Mozart was composing small plays. In total, he wrote 626 works, including 50 symphonies and 55 concertos. 9.Beethoven 10.Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach - German composer and organist of the Baroque era, known as a master of polyphony. He is the author of more than 1000 works, which include almost all significant genres of that time.

"Musical joke"

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