All about folk musical instruments. Project "Folk musical instruments of Rus' Russian folk musical instruments list

Basic information Adyrna is an ancient multi-stringed plucked musical instrument. Used by the ancient Turks and Kypchaks. It was originally made in the form of a bow from wood and leather. Pegs are attached to the horns, then the strings are pulled. Sometimes the instrument was stylized as horned animals (deer, deer, goat). The technique of playing the instrument is finger stringing. Video: Adyrna on video + sound Video from

Basic information Acoustic bass guitar is a stringed plucked musical instrument, an acoustic variety of bass guitar. Belongs to the family of guitars. Video: Acoustic bass guitar on video + sound real game on it, listen to its sound, feel the specifics of the technique: Sale: where to buy/order?

Basic information Acoustic guitar is a stringed plucked musical instrument. Unlike electric guitars, acoustic guitars have a hollow body that acts as a resonator, although modern acoustic guitars may have built-in pickups, either magnetic or piezoelectric, with an equalizer and volume control. The acoustic guitar is the main instrument of such genres as art song, folk, occupies an important place in the gypsy and Cuban folk

Basic information The harp is a stringed plucked musical instrument. It is believed that the beauty of her appearance surpasses all her neighbors in the orchestra. Its graceful outlines hide the shape of a triangle, the metal frame is decorated with carvings. Strings (47-48) of different lengths and thicknesses are pulled onto the frame, which form a transparent mesh. At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous piano master Erar improved the ancient harp.

Basic Information Baglamazaki is a Greek plucked stringed instrument with three double strings. "Baglamazaki" translated from Greek literally means "little baglama". That is, baglamazaki is a smaller version of bouzouki (which is often called baglama). Used as a solo and ensemble instrument. It is part of the Greek National Orchestra, along with the bouzouki (baglama). For orchestras playing in the rebetiko style

Basic information Balalaika is a Russian folk stringed plucked musical instrument. The length of balalaikas is very different: from 600-700 mm (prima balalaika) to 1.7 meters (subcontrabass balalaika) in length, with a triangular slightly curved (also oval in the 18th-19th centuries) wooden body. The body is glued from separate (6-7) segments, the head of the long neck is slightly bent back. Metal strings (In the 18th century, two of

Banjo is a stringed plucked musical instrument with a tambourine-shaped body and a long wooden neck with a fingerboard, on which from 4 to 9 core strings are stretched. A kind of guitar with a resonator (the extended part of the instrument is covered with leather, like a drum). Thomas Jefferson mentions the banjo in 1784 - probably the instrument was brought to America by blacks

Basic information Bandura is a Ukrainian folk stringed musical instrument with an oval body and a short neck. The strings (on old instruments - 12-25, on modern ones - 53-64) are partly stretched over the neck (the so-called riots, longer, low-sounding), and partly attached to the deck (the so-called stringers, shorter, sounding high). Mixed bandura system, in lower case

Basic Information The baritone guitar is a stringed plucked musical instrument, a guitar with a longer scale (27″) than a regular guitar, which allows it to be tuned to a lower sound. Invented by Danelectro in the 1950s. The baritone guitar is a transitional model between the regular electric guitar and the bass guitar. The baritone guitar also has six strings, like the regular guitar, but they are tuned lower.

Bass guitar is a stringed plucked musical instrument, a type of guitar designed to play in the bass range. Used in many musical styles and genres as an accompaniment and, more rarely, as a solo instrument. Since its introduction in the middle of the 20th century, it has become one of the most widely used bass instruments, especially in popular music. bass guitar part piece of music

Basic information Bouzouki is a stringed plucked musical instrument, a kind of lute. It comes from the ancient Greek cithara (lyre). It is also known under the name "baglama", common in Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Ireland ("zuk") and in a slightly modified form in Turkey (Turkish bouzouki). Classic bouzouki has 4 double metal strings (archaic - baglama - 3 double). To the bouzouki family

Basic Information Waliha is a Madagascar plucked stringed instrument. In its classical form, it is a cylindrical segment of a hollow bamboo trunk. Strips of bark split off from the trunk (from 7 to 20, most often 13) serve as strings that are plucked with fingers. During the game, the performer keeps the valiha on his knees. The upgraded roller is equipped with metal or stranded strings and pegs. Its length is

Basic information Wambi (ubo, kissumbo) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, common in Sudan and in the tropical countries of East Africa. The body is hollowed out of wood or made from dried pumpkin, covered with a wooden deck from above. There are no pegs; strings are tied at one end to reed pegs in the lower part of the body, and at the other - to flexible bamboo rods, which, trying to straighten out,

Vina is an ancient Indian stringed plucked (plector) musical instrument. It is called Saraswati Vina, named after Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and arts. It has the shape of a lute. The sound of the wine is soft, rich in shades. Its inventor is Narada, the son of Brahma. Most ancient explanations its species are found in Soma, the author of the musical composition "Ragavibada". Images of the so-called Bengali wine are found

Vihuela is a Spanish stringed plucked musical instrument, close to the lute and having six double (tuned in unison) strings, the first string could be single. In the XV-XVI centuries, the vihuela was especially popular in aristocratic circles, the rules of good manners and aristocratic education required mastery of the art of playing the vihuela, the musicians who played the vihuela and wrote for it were

Basic information The guitar is a stringed plucked musical instrument, one of the most widespread in the world. It is used as an accompanying instrument in many musical styles, as well as a solo classical instrument. It is the main instrument in styles of music such as blues, country, flamenco, rock music and many forms of popular music. Invented in the 20th century, the electric guitar had a profound impact

The Warr guitar (or tap guitar, also the Warr guitar) is a plucked stringed musical instrument designed by Mark Warr. Belongs to the family of guitars. Warr's guitar looks very much like a conventional electric guitar, but can be tapped like a Chapman stick, as well as pizzicato. Techniques traditional for the bass guitar can also be used, such as slap and pop, double tamping.

Basic information Guitar-harp (harp guitar) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, a kind of guitar. Contemporary makers Charles A. Hoffman and Jim Worland Prominent harp guitarists Muriel Anderson Stephen Bennett John Doan William Eaton Beppe Gambetta Michael Hedges Dan LaVoie Andy McKee Andy Wahlberg Robbie Robertson (during The Last Waltz) Jimmy Page Pat Metheny Jeff Martin Michael Lardie Video:

Basic information Gitarrón or "big guitar" (in Spanish the suffix "-on" indicates large sizes) is a Mexican stringed plucked musical instrument with double strings. A peculiar Mexican acoustic six-string bass guitar of very large dimensions. Despite the obvious resemblance to the guitar, the guitarron was invented separately, it is a modification of the Spanish instrument bajo de una. Due to its large size, the guitarron does not need

Basic information GRAN-guitar (new Russian acoustic) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, which is a classical guitar, on which 2 sets of strings are installed at different heights from the neck: nylon and, closer to the neck, metal. A similar idea was proposed by Stradivari, but did not gain popularity. Invented by Chelyabinsk guitarists Vladimir Ustinov and Anatoly Olshansky. Thanks to the efforts of the authors,

Gusli is the oldest stringed plucked musical instrument, which in Russia refers to several varieties of recumbent harps. The psalted harp is similar to the Greek psalter and the Jewish kinnor; these include: the Chuvash harp, the Cheremis harp, the clavier-shaped harp and the harp, resembling the Finnish kantele, the Latvian kukles and the Lithuanian kankles. These are the tools that were

Basic information Dobro is a stringed plucked musical instrument. Even though the dobro looks like a guitar, has 6 strings like a guitar, and stows away in a case like a guitar, it's not a guitar. It is distinguished by a number of essential qualities, and above all, the presence of a special resonator that amplifies the sound and gives it a peculiar timbre. Origin This acoustic resonator was

Basic information Dombra is a Kazakh two-stringed plucked musical instrument, a relative of the Russian domra and balalaika. It is also found in Uzbekistan (dumbyra, dumbrak), Bashkiria (dumbyra). The sound of the dombra is quiet, soft. It is extracted with a pinch, a blow with a brush or a plectrum. Folk storytellers - akyns accompany their singing by playing the dombra. Dombra performance musical compositions is the favorite form artistic creativity Kazakhs. Under

Basic information Domra is an ancient Russian plucked stringed musical instrument. It has three (sometimes four) strings, it is played, as a rule, with the help of a pick. Domra is the prototype of the Russian balalaika. Domra consists of a neck with pegs at the top and a wooden body with a shield at the bottom. Also, strings are attached below and stretched to the kolkoimpatv. Information about

Basic information Dumbyra is a Bashkir stringed plucked musical instrument. Closely related instruments are also common among Kazakhs (dombra), Uzbeks, and others. Turkic peoples, as well as among the Tajiks. Compared to Kazakh dombra dumbyra is noticeably different in the shorter length of the neck. Dumbyra is a traditional instrument of folk narrators-sesens. Epic tales and kubairs, as well as songs, were performed to her accompaniment. Dumbyra had

Basic information Zhetygen is an ancient Kazakh and Turkic stringed plucked musical instrument resembling a gusli or a recumbent harp in shape. The classical zhetygen has seven strings, the modern reconstructed one has 15. The most ancient type of zhetygen was an oblong box hollowed out of a piece of wood. On such a zhetygen there was neither a top deck nor pegs. The strings were stretched by hand from the outside

Basic information Kantele is a Karelian and Finnish stringed plucked musical instrument related to the gusli. Ancient kantele had five gut strings, modern ones are supplied with metal strings and their number reaches thirty-four. During the game, the kantele is held on the knees in a horizontal or slightly inclined position and the strings are plucked with the fingers of both hands. The kantele is played solo, accompanied by runes

Basic information Gayageum is a Korean multi-stringed plucked musical instrument. One of the most popular stringed instruments in Korea. The appearance of kayagym is attributed to the VI century. It has a flat, elongated resonator body with two holes at one end. The number of strings may vary; The most popular is the 12-string gayageum. Each string corresponds to a special mobile stand (“filly”), with the help of which

Basic Information Kifara is an ancient Greek plucked stringed musical instrument, similar to a professional version of the lyre. It has a deep cavity used as a cavity resonator. The kithara is one of the most common plucked musical instruments in Ancient Greece. Among the Greeks, it personifies the universe, repeating Heaven and Earth with its shape. The strings symbolize the different levels of the universe. Attribute of Apollo and Terpsichore. Kifara, like

Basic information Classical guitar (Spanish, six-string) is a plucked stringed musical instrument, the main representative of the guitar family, a plucked stringed musical instrument of bass, tenor and soprano registers. IN modern form exists since the second half of XVIII century, is used as an accompanying, solo and ensemble instrument. The guitar has great artistic and performing capabilities and a wide variety of timbres. A classical guitar has six strings

Basic information Kobza is a Ukrainian lute-like stringed plucked musical instrument with 4 (or more) paired strings. The kobza consists of a body and a neck, there are 8-10 forced frets on the neck, with the help of which you can get the sounds of a chromatic scale on each string. There were also instruments without frets. The predecessor of the kobza is a small lute-shaped instrument, probably of Turkic or Bulgar origin.

Basic information hurdy gurdy(organistrum, hardy-gardy) - a stringed plucked musical instrument, shaped like a violin case, which is rightfully considered the predecessor of the nickelharpa. The performer holds the lyre on his knees. Most of its strings (6-8) sound simultaneously, vibrating as a result of friction on the wheel rotated by the right hand. One or two separate strings sounding part which is shortened or lengthened with rods

Basic information Kora is an African stringed plucked musical instrument with 21 strings, common in West Africa. In structure and sound, the kora is close to the lute and harp. The bark is a central instrument in the musical tradition of the Mandinka people. It is often used in conjunction with djembe and balafon. Griots, wandering singers, storytellers and keepers of legends, traditionally play the kora.

Basic information Koto (Japanese zither) is a Japanese stringed plucked musical instrument. Koto, along with the hayashi and shakuhachi flutes, the tsuzumi drum and the shamisen, is a traditional musical instrument. Japanese instruments. Similar instruments are characteristic of the culture of Korea (gayageum) and China (qixianqin). The Japanese zither koto (the old name is “so”) without exaggeration can be considered a symbol of the musical culture of Japan, as well as

Basic information Cuatro is a stringed plucked musical instrument from the guitar family. It is widespread throughout Latin America, and especially in the musical ensembles of Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Puerto Rico. Usually has four strings, but there are modifications of this instrument with a different number of strings. Video: Quatro on video + sound Thanks to these videos you can get acquainted with the instrument, see

Basic information, the Lavabo device (rawap, rabob) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, common among the Uighurs inhabiting the Xinjiang province in northwestern China. Similar to Asian rubab. Lavabo has a small wooden rounded body with a leather top and a long neck with a bent head. The latter at the base is equipped with two horn-shaped processes. Usually on the neck there are 21-23 bindings (silk) frets,

Lyra is a yoke-shaped plucked stringed musical instrument with two curved posts protruding from the resonator body and connected closer to the upper end by a crossbar, to which five or more vein strings are stretched from the body. Origin, historical notes Arising in prehistoric times in the Middle East, the lyre was one of the main instruments of the Jews, and

Basic information The lute is an ancient stringed plucked musical instrument. The word "lute" probably comes from Arabic word"al'ud" ("tree"), although recent research by Eckhard Neubauer proves that "ud" is simply an Arabized version of the Persian word rud, meaning string, stringed instrument, or lute. At the same time, Gianfranco Lotti believes that in early Islam "tree" was a term with

Basic information Mandolin (Italian mandolino) is a small-sized stringed plucked musical instrument, similar to a lute, but with a shorter neck and fewer strings. Derived from the mandora and pandurina, etc. The strings are touched by the player not with fingers, but with a pick or plectrum, using the tremolo technique. Since the metal strings of the mandolin produce a short sound, the sustained notes

Basic information Ngombi is an African stringed musical instrument, something like a harp with ten strings. The strings are attached, on the one hand, to a wooden resonator case, upholstered in leather, and a knot extending from it, on the other; the knot is equipped with small pegs for tuning the strings. Sometimes the design is crowned with a carved wooden figurine. The first five strings differ by an octave from the rest.

Pipa is a Chinese lute-type stringed plucked musical instrument that plays important role in Chinese folk music. Pipa - one of the most common and famous Chinese musical instruments, bent back neck, 4 strings, tuned in fourths or fifths. Pipa is widespread in the Central and South China. Since the 8th century, it has also been known in Japan under

Basic information Seven-string (Russian) guitar» title=»Seven-string (Russian) guitar» /> Seven-string guitar (seven-string, Russian, gypsy guitar) is a stringed plucked musical instrument, one of the varieties of guitars. Origin, history The seven-string guitar appeared in Russia at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century. Her popularity is associated with the musician Andrei Osipovich Sikhra, who wrote about a thousand works for her. According to one

Basic information The sitar is an Indian plucked stringed musical instrument with a rich, orchestral sound. The name "sitar" comes from the Turkic words "se" - seven and "tar" - a string. The sitar has seven main strings, hence the name. Sitar belongs to the lute family, in Asia there are a lot of analogues of this instrument in appearance and sound, for example, the Tajik “setor”, with

It has long been covered with dust that only students of music schools and older musicians play them, then you are deeply mistaken! Folk instruments are not a dense past, they are popular to this day. They are actively used not only by folk groups, but also by performers of music of various styles and genres. From classical to rock and jazz, you can increasingly hear the sound of accordion, balalaika, domra.

A bit of history

Any folk musical instrument is part of the history of an ethnic group. They are able to reveal the specifics of customs and customs, to tell a lot about the culture of their people. For example, Russian folk instruments reveal the richness of the Russian soul, its bright creative disposition. Confirmation of this is the melodic nature of Russian music, its polyphony.

The general musical culture of the Slavic peoples included such instruments as: ancient Russian harp, longitudinal flutes, pipes, tambourines, rattles, wooden boxes, rubels, mallets, spoons, nozzles, pipes, clay whistles, zhaleyka, bagpipes, tweeters, rattles, buzzers, furchalki , howler monkeys, balalaikas, dombras.

In the photo - folk instruments of the Slavs

Let's not look too far into the past. Still our

and grandfathers played such folk and beloved musical instruments as accordion and balalaika. Some instruments (gusli and others), after improvement, formed the basis of modern folk instrument orchestras.

Many professional musical instruments have their origins in the so-called "folk prototypes". So, for example, the violin in the distant past was a folk musical instrument. The modern flute originated from the simplest folk flute, and the oboe, well known to specialists in the history of Slavic culture, originated from the otshalmeya.

In modern music, folk instruments are most often used by folk performers. For example, the folk-rock group Melnitsa (Celtic harp, mandolin, percussion) or the Russian-American rock group RedElvises, working in the styles of surf, funk, rockabilly folk music (bass balalaika). The legendary rock band Kalinov most uses bayan, Soviet and Russian rock band Zero - button accordion, balalaika. The list of performers and instruments goes on. Let's look at the most popular musical instruments used in modern art.

Popular folk musical instruments

Balalaika

is a musical symbol of the Russian people. This is a Russian folk stringed plucked musical instrument with a triangular, slightly curved wooden body. The length of the instrument varies from 600–700 mm (balalaika prima) to 1.7 meters (balalaika subcontrabass). The body is glued from separate segments (6–7), the head of the long neck is slightly bent back. The instrument has three strings, and on the neck of a modern balalaika there are 16–31 metal frets.

The sound of the balalaika is sonorous, but soft. Balalaika dol

It is necessary to have three strings and the so-called "balalaika" system. No other scales of the balalaika: guitar, minor and others - are not used for playing notes.

How to choose the "right" balalaika?

You need to learn how to play a good instrument. Only he can give a strong, beautiful, melodious sound, and it depends on the quality of the sound and the ability to use it. artistic expressiveness execution.

A good instrument is easy to identify by its appearance: it should be beautiful in shape, assembled from quality materials, and well polished.

An ideal balalaika must meet the following requirements:

• The neck of the balalaika should be perfectly straight, without distortions and cracks. Not very thick and comfortable to grip, but not too thin, because in this case, under the influence of external factors (string tension, dampness, temperature changes), it can warp over time. The best fretboard material is ebony.
• Frets should be well sanded both on the top and along the edges of the fretboard and not interfere with the movements of the fingers of the left hand.
• All frets must be of the same height or lie in the same plane, that is, so that the ruler placed on them with an edge touches them all without exception. The best material for frets is white metal and nickel.

• String pegs must be mechanical. They hold the system well and allow for very easy and precise tuning of the instrument.
• A soundboard built from good resonant spruce with regular, parallel fine plies should be flat, not concave inward.
• If there is a mounted shell, you should pay attention to the fact that it is really mounted and does not touch the deck. The shell must be veneered, made of hard wood (so as not to warp). It protects the delicate deck from shock and destruction.
• The nut and nut must be made of hardwood or bone.

• The stand for the strings in the correct instrument is made of maple and its entire lower plane is in close contact with the soundboard, without gaps.
• The buttons for the strings (near the saddle) are made of very hard wood or bone and sit firmly in their sockets.
• The purity of the tuning and timbre of the instrument depends on the selection of strings. Too thin strings give a weak, rattling sound; those that are too thick make it difficult to play and deprive the instrument of melodiousness or tear.

Balalaika is not so popular among performers, but there is a virtuoso and very popular artist- Alexey Arkhipovsky

Today, the balalaika can be heard not only in professional orchestras. Although the instrument is not so popular, there are real virtuosos among the performers. One of them is Alexey Arkhipovsky. The outstanding musician performed compositions at the opening of the Olympic Games at the Russian House in Vancouver, the Eurovision Song Contest and the First Andrei Tarkovsky Film Festival. The balalaika player is also widely known in the Internet space. Tickets for the concerts sell out in a matter of days, making him one of the most celebrated folk music performers today.

Gusli is the oldest stringed plucked musical instrument. In Russia, several varieties of recumbent harps are confused with it. Today, every orchestra of folk instruments includes a plucked-table-shaped harp and a keyboard harp. The sound of these instruments gives the orchestra a unique flavor of ancient goose chimes.

Currently, interest in the harp has grown markedly. Modern harp-narrators appeared, setting out to recreate the ancient tradition of playing the harp and singing to their accompaniment. Along with plucked harps, the main method of playing which is plucking and rattling, keyboard harps appeared. The mechanics installed on them, when you press the keys, open the strings, and makes it possible to select the desired chord. This greatly simplifies playing the harp.

- an old Russian stringed plucked musical instrument with three, and sometimes four strings. They play it, as a rule, with the help of a pick. Domra is the prototype of the Russian balalaika and still exists among the Kalmyks, Tatars and Kirghiz.

Domra consists of a neck with pegs at the top and a wooden body with a shield at the bottom. Also, strings are attached below and stretched to the pegs.

Types of domra: piccolo, small, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, bass and contrabass. In the orchestra of Russian folk instruments, piccolo, small, alto and bass domras became widespread.

The historical fate of domra is almost tragic. This instrument was forgotten and recreated in our time. Today, domra is a young promising instrument with a huge, primarily musical and expressive potential, having truly Russian roots, rising to the heights of the academic genre.

TO how to choose the "right" domra

When choosing a domra for yourself, you should pay attention to the following:

• the sound of the instrument, namely whether you like the sound or not;
• the timbre of the sound throughout the neck should be even, without extraneous sounds, so that nothing crackles, does not ring, you need to check at each fret;
• we look, whether the neck has led to the side, whether the neck has led to the side;
• you need to listen to the longitude of the sound, if there is a choice, then the best instrument can be determined by longitude;
• the “flying” factor of the sound is important (it is advisable to check it in a large room), the strength of the sound, the sonority, it depends on whether the instrument will be heard in the hall, since in a small room the sensations may be different;
• the instrument should be comfortable for hands, it is necessary to play it, the more the better.

- a stringed plucked musical instrument with a body in the form of a tambourine and a long wooden neck with a fingerboard, on which four to nine core strings are stretched. A type of guitar with a resonator (the extended part of the instrument is covered with leather, like a drum). In modern America, the word "banjo" denotes either its tenor variety with four strings tuned in fifths, the lower of which is up to a small octave, or a five-string instrument with a different tuning. The banjo is played with a plectrum.

The banjo is a relative of the well-known European mandolin, similar in shape to it. Nobanjo has a more ringing and sharp sound. In some African countries, the banjo is considered a sacred instrument, which can only be touched by high priests or rulers.

The modern banjo comes in many varieties, including five and six strings. The six-string version, tuned like a guitar, also became quite popular. Almost all types of banjo are played with a characteristic tremolo or arpeggiated with the right hand, although there are different playing styles.

Today, the banjo is commonly associated with country and bluegrass music. Recently, the banjo has been used in a wide variety of musical genres, including pop music and Celtic punk. More recently, hardcore musicians have begun to show interest in the banjo.

This is a miniature four-string ukulele. Ukulele means jumping flea in Hawaiian. The ukulele is common in various Pacific islands, but is primarily associated with Hawaiian music.

If you are just starting to master this instrument, then it is better to start with a soprano or a concert. If you have big hand, then a concert ukulele will suit you. She is a bit more of a soprano, with big amount frets. It is more convenient to take chords on it.

How to choose a ukulele

When choosing an instrument in a music store, pay attention to the following points:

You just have to like the tool.

Look carefully for cracks on it.

Ask the seller to set up the instrument. If the instrument is being tuned for the first time, then you will have to repeat the tuning process several times, since the strings are not yet stretched and they will fail for several days. You should lightly pull the string before tuning it. You need to tune the string from a low tone to a high one.

You should check all the frets on all the strings so that they build and do not "ring".

The strings should be easy to press (especially on the first and second frets). The distance between the strings and the neck should not be large.

Nothing inside should rattle when you play. All strings should be equal in volume and clarity.

Check if the neck is straight.

If the instrument comes with a built-in pickup ("pickup"), ask to connect to the guitar amplifier and check that everything works. Make sure the battery in the pickup is new.

Be sure to consider several tools before making your choice. Sometimes a cheap tool from some unknown company can surprise you.

Folk instruments today

Currently, other, more modern musical instruments are in vogue, with electronic stuffing and many functions. But I want to believe that interest in folk instruments will not fade with time. After all, their sound is original and unique.

POP-MUSIC stores present various folk instruments: balalaikas, banjos, domras, mandolins, ukuleles and others. Experienced consultants will help you navigate and provide an opportunity to implement ideas.

Basic information Avlos is an ancient woodwind musical instrument. Avlos is considered a distant predecessor modern oboe. It was distributed in Asia Minor and Ancient Greece. The performer usually played two aulos (or double aulos). The Avlos game was used in ancient tragedy, at sacrifice, in military music (in Sparta). Solo singing accompanied by playing the aulos was called aullodia.

Basic information The cor anglais is a woodwind musical instrument, which is an alto oboe. The English horn got its name due to the erroneous use of the French word anglais (“English”) instead of the correct angle (“curved angle” - in the form of a hunting oboe, from which the English horn originated). Device According to the device, the English horn is similar to the oboe, but has larger size, pear-shaped bell

Basic information Bansuri is an ancient Indian woodwind musical instrument. Bansuri is a transverse flute made from a single piece of bamboo. Has six or seven playing holes. Bansuri is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Bansuri is very popular with shepherds and is part of their customs. It can also be seen in Buddhist painting around 100 AD.

Bass clarinet (Italian: clarinetto basso) is a woodwind musical instrument, a bass variety of the clarinet that appeared in the second quarter of the 19th century. The range of the bass clarinet is from D (large octave D; on some models, the range is extended down to B1 - B flat contra octave) to b1 (B flat first octave). Theoretically, it is possible to extract higher sounds, but they are not used.

Basset horn is a woodwind musical instrument, a kind of clarinet. The basset horn has the same structure as a regular clarinet, but it is longer, which makes it sound lower. For compactness, the basset horn tube is slightly curved at the mouthpiece and at the bell. In addition, the instrument is equipped with several additional valves that extend its range down to the C note (as it is written). Basset horn tone

Basic information, history The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument from the family of whistling wind instruments, such as the flute, ocarina. The recorder is a type of longitudinal flute. The recorder has been known in Europe since the 11th century. It was widespread in the XVI-XVIII centuries. Used as a solo instrument, in ensembles and orchestras. A. Vivaldi, G. F. Telemann, G. F.

Key information Brelka is a Russian folk woodwind musical instrument that existed in the past in the pastoral environment, and now occasionally appears at concert venues in the hands of musicians of folklore ensembles. The key fob has a strong sound of a very bright and light timbre. The keychain is essentially nothing more than an ancient version of the oboe, however, compared to the shepherd's pity,

Basic information Whistle is a woodwind musical instrument, a Celtic folk pipe. Whistles are made, as a rule, from tin, but there are also wooden, plastic and even silver versions of the instruments. Whistle is very popular not only in Ireland, but throughout Europe. Most whistles, however, are made in England and Ireland, and are the most popular among whistlers. Whistles exist

Oboe is a soprano register woodwind musical instrument, which is a conical tube with a valve system and a double reed (tongue). The instrument has a melodious, but somewhat nasal, and in the upper register - a sharp timbre. Instruments that are considered the direct predecessors of the modern oboe have been known since antiquity and have been preserved in their original form in different cultures. Folk instruments such

Basic information The oboe d'amore is a woodwind musical instrument, very similar to an ordinary oboe. The oboe d'amore is slightly larger than the regular oboe and, in comparison, produces a less assertive and softer and calmer sound. In the oboe family, it is set as a mezzo-soprano or alto. The range is from salt of a small octave to re of the third octave. oboe d'amour

Basic information, origin Di (hengchui, handi - transverse flute) is an ancient Chinese woodwind musical instrument. Di is one of the most common wind instruments in China. Presumably imported from Central Asia in the period between 140 and 87 BC. BC. However, during recent archaeological excavations, bone transverse flutes of about

Basic information The didjeridoo is the oldest woodwind musical instrument of the aboriginal peoples of northern Australia. One of the most ancient musical instruments on Earth. Didgeridoo is the European-American name for Australia's oldest musical instrument. In northern Australia, where the didgeridoo originated, it is called yidaki. The didgeridoo is unique in that it usually sounds on one note (the so-called

Basic information Dudka is a folk wind wooden musical instrument, consisting of a wooden (usually elderberry) reed or reed and having several side holes, and a mouthpiece for blowing. There are double pipes: two folded pipes are blown through one common mouthpiece. In Ukraine, the name sopilka (snot) has survived to this day, which is rare in Russia, in Belarus it

Basic information Duduk (tsiranapokh) - a woodwind musical instrument, is a pipe with 9 playing holes and a double reed. Distributed among the peoples of the Caucasus. Most popular in Armenia, as well as among Armenians living outside of it. traditional name Armenian duduk- tsiranapokh, which can literally be translated as "apricot pipe" or "the soul of an apricot tree." Music

Basic information Zhaleika - an old Russian folk wind wooden musical instrument - a wooden, reed or cattail tube with a bell made of horn or birch bark. Zhaleika is also known as zhalomeika. Origin, history of zhaleyka The word "zhaleyka" is not found in any ancient Russian written monument. The first mention of a zhaleyka is in the notes of A. Tuchkov dating back to the end of the 18th century.

Basic information Zurna is an ancient woodwind musical instrument common among the peoples of Transcaucasia and Central Asia. A zurna is a wooden tube with a socket and several (usually 8-9) holes, one of which is on the opposite side. The range of the zurna is about one and a half octaves of the diatonic or chromatic scale. The timbre of the zurna is bright and piercing. Zurna is in close proximity

Basic information Kaval is a shepherd's woodwind musical instrument. The kaval is a longitudinal flute with a long wooden barrel and 6-8 playing holes. At the lower end of the barrel there can be up to 3-4 more holes for tuning and resonating. The kavala scale is diatonic. The length of the kaval reaches 50-70 cm. The kaval is widespread in Bulgaria, Moldova and Romania, Macedonia, Serbia,

Basic information, device Kamyl is an Adyghe wind wooden musical instrument, a traditional Adyghe (Circassian) flute. Kamyl is a longitudinal flute made from a metal tube (most often from a gun barrel). There are 3 play holes at the bottom of the tube. It is possible that the instrument was originally made of reed (as the name indicates). The length of the reed is about 70 cm.

Key information Kena (Spanish: quena) is a woodwind musical instrument - a longitudinal flute used in the music of the Andean region of Latin America. The kena is usually made of reed and has six upper and one lower playing hole. Typically, kena is done in G (G) tuning. The quenacho flute is a lower pitched variant of the quena, in D (D) tuning.

Basic information The clarinet is a woodwind musical instrument with a single reed. The clarinet was invented around 1700 in Nuremberg, and has been actively used in music since the second half of the 18th century. It is used in a wide variety of musical genres and compositions: as a solo instrument, in chamber ensembles, symphony and brass bands, folk music, on the stage and in jazz. Clarinet

Basic information Clarinet d'amour (Italian: clarinetto d'amore) is a woodwind musical instrument. Device Like the species instrument, the d'amore clarinet had a single reed and a cylindrical tube, but the width of this tube was less than that of a conventional clarinet, sound holes were also narrower. In addition, the part of the tube to which the mouthpiece was attached was slightly curved for compactness - the body

Basic information Kolyuk - a woodwind musical instrument - an ancient Russian variety of a longitudinal overtone flute without playing holes. For the manufacture of thorns, dried stems of umbrella plants are used - hogweed, shepherd's pipe and others. The role of a whistle or beep is played by the tongue. The height of the sound is achieved by overblowing. To change the sound, the bottom hole of the tube is also used, which is clamped with a finger or

Basic information Contrabassoon is a woodwind musical instrument, a kind of bassoon. The contrabassoon is an instrument of the same type and device as the bassoon, but with a twice as large column of air contained in it, which makes it sound an octave lower than the bassoon. The contrabassoon is the lowest sounding instrument of the woodwind group and performs a contrabass voice in it. Names of the contrabassoon

Basic information Kugikly (kuvikly) is a woodwind musical instrument, a Russian variety of the multi-barreled Pan flute. Kugicle device Kugicles are a set of hollow tubes of various lengths and diameters with an open upper end and a closed lower one. This tool was usually made of kugi (reed), reed, bamboo, etc. stems, the trunk knot served as the bottom. Nowadays, plastic, ebonite

Basic information Kurai is a national Bashkir woodwind musical instrument similar to a flute. The popularity of kurai is associated with its timbre richness. The sound of kurai is poetic and epicly sublime, the timbre is soft, accompanied by a throaty bourdon sound when played. The main and traditional feature of playing kurai is the ability to play with a chest voice. A light whistle is forgiven only for novice performers. The professionals play the melody

Basic Information Mabu is a traditional woodwind musical instrument of the Solomon Islanders. Mabu is a wooden pipe with a socket, hollowed out from a piece of a tree trunk. A half of a coconut was attached to the upper end, in which a game hole was made. Large specimens of mabu could reach up to a meter in length with a mouth width of about 15 cm and a wall thickness of about

Basic information Mabu (mapu) is a traditional Tibetan woodwind musical instrument. Translated from the nose, “ma” means “bamboo”, and “bu” means “pipe”, “reed flute”. Mabu has a bamboo stem with a single scoring tongue. There are 8 playing holes made in the flute's barrel, 7 upper ones, one lower one. At the end of the trunk is a small horn socket. Mabu is also sometimes made

Basic information, characteristics Small clarinet (clarinet-piccolo) is a woodwind musical instrument, a kind of clarinet. The small clarinet has the same structure as the regular clarinet, but is smaller in size, which is why it sounds in a higher register. The timbre of the small clarinet is harsh, somewhat noisy, especially in the upper register. Like most other instruments of the clarinet family, the small clarinet is transposing and is used

Basic information, device Nay - Moldavian, Romanian and Ukrainian woodwind musical instrument - a longitudinal multi-barreled flute. Nai consists of 8-24 tubes of different lengths, reinforced in an arched leather clip. The length of the tube determines the pitch of the sound. Sound row diatonic. On the nai, folk melodies of various genres are performed - from doina to dance motifs. The most famous Moldovan naists:

Basic information Ocarina is an ancient woodwind musical instrument, a clay whistle flute. The name "ocarina" is translated from Italian means "gosling". The ocarina is a small egg-shaped chamber with four to thirteen finger holes. The ocarina is usually made in ceramic, but is sometimes also made of plastic, wood, glass or metal. By

Basic information Pinquillo (pingulo) - an ancient woodwind musical instrument of the Quechua Indians, a reed transverse flute. Pinkillo is common among the Indian population of Peru, Bolivia, Northern Argentina, Chile, Ecuador. The Pinkillo is the ancestor of the Peruvian quena. Pinkillo is made from cane, traditionally cut "at dawn, away from prying eyes." It has 5-6 side playing holes. Pingulo length 30-32 cm. Pingulo range approx.

Basic information, application A transverse flute (or just a flute) is a woodwind musical instrument of the soprano register. Names of the transverse flute in different languages: flauto (Italian); flatus (Latin); flute (French); flute (English); float (German). The flute is available in a wide variety of performance techniques; it is often entrusted with an orchestral solo. The transverse flute is used in symphony and brass bands, and also, along with the clarinet,

Basic information Russian horn is a woodwind musical instrument. Russian horn has different names: in addition to "Russian" - "shepherd", "song", "Vladimir". The name "Vladimir" horn acquired relatively recently, at the end of the 19th century, as a result of the success that the performances of the horn choir conducted by Nikolai Vasilyevich Kondratiev from Vladimir region. Horn tunes are divided into 4 genre varieties: signal, song,

Basic information Saxophone (Sax - the name of the inventor, phone - sound) is a woodwind musical instrument, belonging to the wood family according to the principle of sound production, despite the fact that it is never made of wood. A family of saxophones designed in 1842 by a Belgian music master Adolf Sax and patented by him four years later. Adolf Sachs named his first constructed instrument

Basic information Svirel is an ancient Russian woodwind musical instrument of the longitudinal flat type. Origin, history of the flute The Russian flute has not yet been sufficiently studied. Experts have long been trying to correlate existing whistle instruments with ancient Russian names. Chroniclers most often use three names for instruments of this type - a flute, a sniff, and a forearm. According to legend, the son of the Slavic goddess of love Lada played the flute

Basic information Suling is an Indonesian woodwind musical instrument, a longitudinal whistle flute. The suling consists of a bamboo cylindrical trunk, about 85 cm long and equipped with 3-6 playing holes. The suling sound is very gentle. Usually sad melodies are played on this instrument. The suling is used both solo and as an orchestral instrument. Video: Sulingna video + sound Thanks to these videos you

Basic information, device, application Shakuhachi is a woodwind musical instrument, a longitudinal bamboo flute that came to Japan from China during the Nara period. The Chinese name for the shakuhachi flute is chi-ba. The standard length of a shakuhachi flute is 1.8 Japanese feet (which is 54.5 cm). It determined itself Japanese name instrument, since "shaku" means "foot", and "hachi" means "eight".

Basic information Tilinka (calf) is a Moldavian, Romanian and Ukrainian folk woodwind musical instrument, which is an open pipe without playing holes. Tilinka is common in rural life, most often used by peoples living near the Carpathian Mountains. The sound of the tilinka depends on how much the musician closes the open end of the tube with his finger. The transition between notes is carried out by overblowing and closing / opening of the opposite

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Russian folk instruments Prepared by: student of the 4th "A" class of GBOU School No. 633 Nikitina Alisa Teacher: Kirillova O.A. MOSCOW 2016

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Russian folk instruments occupy a special place in the musical culture of our country. They are distinguished by their timbre diversity and expressiveness: here there is flute sadness, and dancing balalaika tunes, and noisy fun of spoons and rattles, and the dreary shrillness of the pity, and, of course, the richest bayan palette, absorbing all the shades of the musical portrait of the Russian people. Russian folk instruments can be classified under the generally accepted division system: stringed (domra, gusli, balalaika, beep); reed (accordion, accordion); wind instruments (horns, zhaleyka, flute, kugikly, jew's harp, whistle); percussion (spoons, tambourine, rattles, firewood, mallet). Let's get acquainted with some of them. Classification of Russian folk musical instruments

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Stringed musical instruments: harp Under the harp, sonorous tunes Young men and maidens fell in love. At weddings, the psaltery sang And the young people were blessed. To the sound of magic strings Everyone had fun - old and young, Guslyar was known as an important person, He was the soul of the people. The harp got its name thanks to its strings, which seemed to be buzzing when the strings were plucked. But in ancient times, any musical sound of a stringed instrument was called a buzz. Unlike wind or percussion musical instruments, any stringed plucked instrument was called nothing more than a gusli. The ancient Russian harp was usually played, giving them a horizontal position. The number of strings in the harp was not a fixed value, that is, they could be installed in any required number. Metal strings give the harp a special, characteristic sound. That is why the psaltery got its recognizable epithet "voiced". Experienced talented harpists have always plucked the harp strings with their own fingers and have never used picks or plectrums. In the old days, the sonorous harp could be heard in any farmstead: whether it was the household of a simple farmer or rich princely houses. The Vedun-Gusler was the custodian of the Russian ancient traditions, and it is thanks to them that today we have the opportunity to look into the infinite depths of our Great Past.

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String musical instruments: domra Domra is an ancient folk stringed plucked musical instrument, known in Rus' since ancient times. In its usual form, domra has three strings, which are played with a pick. It is believed that domra is a prototype or descendant of the first Russian balalaika. The three-string domra is found in several forms: piccolo (the smallest), small, alto and bass. The body of the domra and its neck are made of wood. Griffin like everyone else string instruments, consists of two parts: head and neck. Sometimes, however, the neck is performed in one piece, in the form of one piece. Domra pegs, used to tune the instrument, should be scrolled manually. The body of the domra is preferably made from maple or rosewood. It is clear that for the manufacture of the neck, hardwoods are taken. Pegs in modern times are made of metal, and in the past they were also made of hardwood. The strings are made from steel wire of various thicknesses. Domra is the most important instrument Beautiful, with the most tender voice. When you touch the strings with your hand, you will be transported to the ancient world! It has sensitivity, joy, kindness And beauty of all harmonies! Then he will be sad, then he will laugh! All the charm of sounds is given to her And she gives us a miracle!

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String musical instruments: balalaika Balalaika is a Russian folk three-stringed plucked musical instrument with a triangular, slightly curved wooden body. This is one of the tools that have become musical symbol Russian people. The very name of the instrument is typically folk, with the sound of syllables, conveying the nature of playing on it. The root of the words “balalaika”, or, as it was also called, “balabayka”, has long attracted the attention of researchers by its kinship with such Russian words as balakat, balabonit, balabolit, joker, which means talking about something insignificant, chatting, chirping, empty calls , scribbling. All these concepts, complementing each other, convey the essence of the balalaika - an instrument of light, funny, "strumming", not very serious. The body is glued from separate (6-7) segments, the head of the long neck is slightly bent back. Metal strings On the neck of a modern balalaika there are 16-31 metal frets (until the end of the 19th century - 5-7 forced frets). In a modern orchestra of Russian folk instruments, five varieties of balalaikas are used: prima, second, viola, bass and double bass. Of these, only the prima (600-700 mm) is a solo, virtuoso instrument, while the rest are assigned purely orchestral functions: the second and viola implement chord accompaniment, and the bass and double bass (up to 1.7 meters long) - the bass function. The sound is loud but soft. The most common techniques for extracting sound: rattling, pizzicato, double pizzicato, single pizzicato, vibrato, tremolo, fractions, guitar tricks.

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Stringed Musical Instruments: Gudok Gudok (another name is smyk) belongs to the ancient stringed Russian folk musical instruments. The wooden body of the whistle is hollowed out by craftsmen to give it an oval or pear shape. The horn neck is relatively short, without frets, and with a straight or curved head. Three strings are installed and fixed on the fretboard. A resonator hole has been made on the flat deck of the horn. The length of this musical instrument does not exceed one meter. Its maximum dimensions are 30-80 centimeters. The arched shape of the bow at the horn is shaped like a bow. The musician, when playing the whistle, touches all the strings with the bow at once. However, only one (first) string is used to extract the main melody. The remaining two strings are called bourdon and they sound in the same key without changing their sound. The constant, non-stop buzzing of the lower strings is a characteristic feature of the horn, and indeed of all other ancient plucked musical instruments. INTERESTING TO KNOW: In Dahl's dictionary, the meaning of the word "beep" is interpreted as a kind of violin without recesses on the sides with a flat bottom and a tire, in three strings. Unlike the same gusli, the beep is not mentioned in ancient Russian writings until the middle of the 17th century. Instead of it, in various chronicles of the 16th century, the “smik” instrument is mentioned. The horn was not particularly encouraged by the church. For example, in the lists of the Pilot's Book - a code of laws, the Orthodox Church - it is said that it is impossible to "buzz with a beamer".

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Reed musical instruments: accordion What kind of bears - Little guys! Together with my mother they perform, they play on the gormoshechka! The loudest harmonica With Mishkin's palm! Accordion, or harmonica is a reed musical instrument with a keyboard-pneumatic mechanism. There are two keyboards on the sides of the instrument: the melody is played on the right, the left is for accompaniment. Under the harmonica understand a number of musical instruments, both manual and mouthpieces. The sound in these instruments is achieved by vibrating the reed (metal bar) under the influence of air flow. In manual models, as in an accordion, air is pumped with the help of a special reservoir - fur. The true origin of such a musical instrument as the accordion has not yet been precisely established. Some sources claim that the accordion was invented in Germany, others - that in Russia. According to one version, the accordion was invented by Frantisek Kirsnik, a Czech master of organ art, in 1783. According to Academician Mirek, the action took place in St. Petersburg. The main design that we can observe in the modern accordion was given to the instrument in 1829 by the Russian master, who lived in Vienna, Demianov. He owns the idea of ​​creating a case and two keyboards. It had 7 keys on the right side and 2 keys on the left side of the accordion. Already in 1830 mass production of accordions was organized. They were made by the Tula master Ivan Sizov. Literally in one decade, the instrument became widespread in all Russian provinces. The accordion has become national instrument for all classes. The wide range, loud expressive sound of the harmonica fit perfectly into the Russian flavor. Russian accordion is of two types. In the first, when the bellows are stretched or compressed, each button produces a sound of the same pitch. In harmonies of the second type, the pitch of the sound when the button is pressed depends on the direction of movement of the bellows. Another division of harmonies is carried out by the number of rows of buttons. There are one-, two- and three-row accordions.

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Wind instruments: horn Usually, the horn is made of maple, juniper or birch wood. Often the horn takes its name from the area where it was produced and gained its highest popularity. The horn is widely used in the arsenal of shepherds, warriors and watchmen. The sound of a horn has always riveted the attention and hearing of a person and served as a kind of signal for his relatives about the attack of some dashing. In addition to signaling, the horn could serve to play song and dance melodies. The repertoire of horn players is represented quite widely. The device of the horn is not complicated either: a conical straight wooden tube, with five playing holes on top and one hole on the bottom. On opposite sides of the horn are a bell and a mouthpiece adapted to extract sound. The bell was made from the horn of a domestic animal or from wood (for example, birch bark). The sound of the horn is quite sharp and resonant, at the same time it has a hidden strength and softness. The sound range reaches a dozen notes, from which millions of different melodies and compositions are born. The shepherd will go out into the field, He will play his horn.

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Wind musical instruments: zhaleyka The characteristic sound of zhaleyka is given by a special beeper (tongue). The role of the bell-resonator is performed either by a natural ox (cow) horn, or a wooden (birch) funnel. Thanks to such nozzles, a pity in some areas modern Russia erroneously called a horn. The dimensions of the zhaleyka (usually about fifteen centimeters) directly affect the height of its system. A special mouthpiece, in which the beeper is located, is inserted into the tube, which makes it very easy, if necessary, to replace it with a new one. On the surface of the tube, to expand the sound range, several holes were made. These holes are arranged according to the same principle and in exactly the same order as on the flute. The age of the pity was lost in the bottomless depths of millennia. The Russian folk wind musical instrument is not at all accidentally called a pity. After all, the root of the name of this instrument contains such words as “regret”, “pity”. At the sounds of pity, a person hears a clear pity for someone. The sharp, weeping sound of the pity is due to the unique abilities of this instrument. The usual material for the manufacture of zhaleyka is reed and wood (willow, elderberry). However, in today's time, the zhaleyka tube is increasingly made of plastic or metal.

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Wind musical instruments: flute Various sources give the flute a variety of names: sniffles; tarsal. The flute has a lot in common with the device of the longitudinal flute. The flute can often be seen in various documentaries and feature films, where it acts as a musical instrument played by shepherds and young men in love. The most ancient pipe sample that has survived to this day was discovered on the territory of modern Smolensk region. The usual, classical form of the pipe is given to the flute in music workshops, where today it is made of metal or wood. True, the flute made of wood is still the most popular. The classical flute has six playing holes on its surface. In addition to the ordinary flute, there is also the so-called double flute, which allows the musician to significantly expand his musical capabilities and his repertoire. Here is a dry and resonant reed .. Good Pan! tie it up Carefully with a thin thread And fold it into a flute!

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Wind musical instruments: kugikly The lower ends-trunks of the tubes are closed, and the upper ones are adapted for playing. The barrels can be moved from one place to another (depending on the need), since they do not have a fixed connection. The upper ends of the tubes-stems lie in the same plane and lined up in one horizontal line, which adds to the convenience when playing. Trunks can be adjusted: by inserting movable plugs into them; filling trunks with wax or sandbags; drilling new holes in their walls; shortening or lengthening the tubes. Kugikls (kuvikly, quotation marks) belong to the family of multi-barreled flutes, for the manufacture of which stems are hollow stems of reeds or kugi. That is what the reed was called before. In order to make kugikly, you can take some other types of plants: elderberry, the branches of which have a soft core; umbrella species of grasses, the stems of which have a hollow core; bamboo plants. Kugicles are made from three to five tubes of the same diameter, but of different lengths (approximately 100-160 mm).

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Wind musical instruments: jew's harp However, some enthusiastic researchers of the past suggest that the direct predecessor, the ancestor of the jew's harp is an ordinary hunting or military bow. It was enough for a man to fix one end of the bow in the ground, and rest the other end against his palate or teeth, as a deadly weapon immediately transformed, turning into a musical instrument of a distinctive look and sound. Over time, a lamellar, wooden or bone, jew's harp appeared, which much later began to be made of metal. In this form, the jew's harp still exists today. The harp is played in the following way: · a metal frame-arc is applied to the lips; The musician pushes and draws air through it; · at the same time, the musician sets in motion a small steel strip-tongue with his finger. In the twentieth century, the jew's harp was banned as a "harmful relic of the past", however, human memory has preserved and brought to us information about this exotic and vibrant musical instrument. Today, the sounds of the jew's harp delight their adherents with the mysterious and enigmatic sounds of the musical instrument of our distant ancestors. Vargan is the oldest musical instrument, widespread in the territory of Ancient Rus' and modern Russia. Over many millennia of its history, the harp has not significantly changed either its sound or its shape. Vargan is a reed self-sounding musical instrument. Playing on it contributes to the harmonization of all body functions, the purification of consciousness and the strengthening of vitality. The time of the origin of the jew's harp is hidden behind the deep veils of the past millennia.

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Wind musical instruments: whistle A whistle can be simple, geometric in shape, and sometimes it is given a figured shape in the form of some animal or bird. It is not possible to establish the exact age of the whistle, since clay objects are not subject to long-term use and storage. Surely, the first whistle has long turned into a simple lump of clay. However, in the foreseeable past, we can easily meet the remains of a whistle. The device of this musical instrument toy up to ingeniously simple: in a small clay chamber, by blowing it, turbulences and air vibrations are created, making whistling and subtle sounds. In former times, our ancestors used the whistle as a magical instrument designed to communicate with the Gods Stribog and Perun. At present, the whistle has turned from a magical instrument into an original musical instrument or an ordinary children's toy. - The waxwing bird, Ringing handicraft! Come on, come on, tell me what's inside you? - Believe it or not, my dear, And inside something - nothing, Except for two dry peas And your breath.

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Percussion musical instruments: firewood It was on this path that our ancient and wise inventors-ancestors decided to go. They invented the prototype of the modern concert xylophone, only it was much more interesting and curious. Xylophone-firewood, in its original performance, was an ordinary bundle of firewood, however, musical ability of this instrument exceeded the level achieved by its modern counterpart. The wood-xylophone is tuned according to the same principle as its modern counterpart: to lower or raise the tone of the sound, you need to increase or decrease the volume (length, thickness) of the key of this musical instrument. The ancient, exotic Russian folk percussion musical instrument drovo originated in deep, hoary antiquity. It is made of wood, which is a characteristic material for the manufacture of many other musical instruments. People have known for a long time that wood makes sound when it comes into physical contact. To do this, it is enough to design a musical instrument that produces sound according to the principle of an ordinary xylophone.

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Percussion musical instruments: spoons Spoons are not just a cutlery for everyday use, but also an original Russian folk musical instrument. It is difficult to find an older and more tested device for reproducing rhythmic musical sound. It is obvious that spoons, as a musical instrument, are as old as this most common cutlery. You can even put forward the assumption that it is spoons that are the very first and most common percussion instrument on Earth. Antique wooden spoons were made by hand, without the use of modern high-precision machines and equipment, so they turned out to be thicker-walled, much stronger and had a lower and better sound. Many spoon players hang all kinds of bells and bells from their spoons, which, no doubt, diversify and enhance their sound. Playing on spoons is recognizable by its rhythmic pattern and openwork polyphony, which, of course, adds popular love and popularity to spoons. Spoons are different, And they are sometimes played with. Beat the rhythm like this. Anyone will immediately dance. Spoons - let not the piano. But they have their own piano. There is forte, even trills, Like cello strings.

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Percussion musical instruments: ratchet Classical ratchet is a set of wooden rectangular plates, one end strung on a strong cord. When shaking the ratchet, sharp crackling sounds are made. In order to make a ratchet, you need to stock up on twenty smooth, even, identical plates of equal size (about 6x20 centimeters). These musical records are cut from strong and dry wood (preferably oak). Between each regular plate, a wooden spacer is inserted, having a thickness of about five millimeters, which makes it possible to achieve a louder and more sonorous sound. On one edge of the plates, at the same distance from each other, two identical holes are drilled (about 6-7 mm). A strong cord is pulled through these holes. The ends of the cord, remaining free, should be tied into a knot. You should get a free and strong ring, which allows you to achieve a more convenient and simple ratchet game. - What a crack for the whole district? - We are cracking with a friend! - Oh, rattles are good, Just a feast for the soul!

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Percussion musical instruments: tambourine The tambourine has been known in Rus' since time immemorial. It is not possible to establish his exact age today. The tambourine is a round wooden base-shell, on one side of which a strong leather membrane is stretched, which is the main source of sound. At the request of the musician, bells or bells can be hung from the shell. The side walls of the shell can be cut through, and ringing and rattling metal plates are installed there. In former times, any musical instruments were called a tambourine in Rus'. percussion instruments, which, much later, began to receive new, their own names: timpani; xylophone; drum and so on. No less famous in ancient times were the so-called military tambourines: tulumbas, alarm. Their dimensions were so large that at least four horses were required to transport them. Military (military) tambourines were used in the Russian Army (in infantry and cavalry). The thunder of military tambourines, along with the piercing sounds of trumpets and pipes, was so terrible that the enemy troops took to flight without starting the battle. The sounds of modern tambourines are extracted with the fingers or palm. The tambourine itself is slightly shaken and tapped. As the bear went to dance, Sing and hit the tambourine: - Boom! Boom! Tram - ra - ry! Fly away, mosquitoes!

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Percussion instruments: mallet The mallet is a very ancient Russian folk percussion musical instrument. At first, it was intended for guards and watchmen who walked the night streets of cities and villages, tapping a mallet at regular intervals. These sounds scared away night robbers and thieves, and ordinary people served as a signal that all was well. Over time, this musical instrument was firmly entrenched in Russian folk ensembles. A rare holiday did without the measured sound of a beater. It turned out that the beater beats musical rhythm melodies. The beater looks like some kind of wooden frame-box or some kind of simple drum covered with leather. As a rule, a small wooden ball or piece of wood was tied to the upper end of the mallet. The swinging movements of the mallet caused the ball to spin and hit the surface of the frame or membrane. At the same time, clear, knocking sounds were heard. The knock-knock-knock beater, The spider animal sleeps, The cow sleeps, The fly sleeps, The moon hangs above the earth. Above the ground is a large bowl of overturned water. Sleeping plant Potato. Sleep soon and you!

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Russian musical instruments have great technical and artistic capabilities. They are able to perform a variety of works - from simple, ingenuous chants, tunes and dances to complex original musical compositions. Many of the considered musical instruments are in development, their design and sound quality are being improved. This process directly depends on the achievements of the leading concert performers. Thanks to their close collaboration with composers, a highly artistic original folk repertoire. The range of musical images transmitted by folk instruments is expanding, the very aesthetics of their sound becomes different. The development of Russian folk musical instruments at the present stage The current state of the instrumental folk musical tradition inspires certain hopes for its preservation and further fruitful development. Russian folk musical instruments are an original phenomenon in the world musical culture. Inextricably linked in their development with the spiritual life, practical activities, everyday life, aesthetic and moral foundations of the broad strata of the Russian people, they express the richness of his inner world, inexhaustible optimism, intelligence, depth of feelings, special specific features of the nation.

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National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments of Russia. N.P. Osipov Only he can fit in concert hall Russian field. The epic chimes of the harp, the morning flute, the expanse sound of the horn and the wheat ripeness of the balalaikas sound music. She gives us Russia. The orchestra of Russian folk instruments has become a unique phenomenon not only in the domestic, but also in the entire world musical culture. It is a special synthesis of Russian folklore and European academic art, and at the same time has a unique characteristic timbre, which has become, to a certain extent, a musical symbol of Russian national culture.

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To cultivate love for the Motherland, it is necessary to know and understand folk traditions. Revealing the origins of the creation of folk instruments, developing an emotionally holistic attitude to life through musical folklore, we all learn to understand, respect and not destroy cultural heritage our ancestors. Conclusion