Famusov's life principles and ideals. The moral character and life ideals of the Famus society

Ideals and views of Chatsky (Griboyedov)

The action of A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” takes place in those years when the split in the noble environment is becoming more and more obvious. It was the beginning of the 20s of the XIX century.

The influence of the ideas of the French enlighteners, the growth of Russian national identity after the war of 1812 and foreign campaigns united many young noblemen in an effort to change society.

But most of the Russian nobility remained deaf or hostile to the new trends. It is this situation, this conflict that Griboyedov captured in his work.

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The main conflict of comedy is the conflict of two worldviews, the clash of the "current century" with the "past century".

There is also a second conflict in the comedy - a love one (there is even a classic love triangle: Chatsky - Sophia - Molcha-lin), but it is not the main one, although both conflicts are closely intertwined and complement each other, both of them find their resolution at the end of the play.

The bearer of new, progressive ideas is Alexander Chatsky, his ideological opponent in comedy is the entire Famus society. Why was their clash inevitable? Because Ideals and views of Chatsky did not and could not coincide with the views and ideals of Famusov.

First of all, they have different views on the service. If for Famusov service is only a source of rank, wealth, then for Chatsky it is the civic duty of every young nobleman. Chatsky is ready to serve, but “to the cause, not to individuals,” to the Fatherland, and not to a higher official.

He tried to serve, he even knew the ministers, but then he retired and broke off his former acquaintances, as he was convinced that it was impossible at that time to serve honestly without being served. Chatsky responds to Famusov’s advice to “go serve”: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve.”

In the monologue “And sure enough, the world began to grow stupid,” he speaks indignantly about those officials who “not in war, but in peace, took their foreheads, knocked on the floor without sparing!”. Chatsky calls the past century very precisely: "The century of humility and fear was direct."

But for Famusov it was a "golden" age; not without reason he sets as an example Chatsky his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who, having stumbled at the reception, managed to make the queen laugh and achieve her favor.

For Skalozub and Molchalin, a career is the main thing in life, and they are ready to achieve ranks by any means, even humiliation and flattery. Skalozub's dream is "I just want to be a general."

Alexander Andreevich appears in comedy as a fierce opponent of serfdom. And this is understandable: he expresses the views on the social structure of Russia not only of the author himself, but also of many of his Decembrist friends, who believed that an educated, enlightened person should not own other people.

Chatsky speaks with anger about a certain feudal lord, “Nestor of noble scoundrels,” who exchanged faithful servants who more than once saved his life and honor “in hours of wine and fights” for “three greyhounds”.

Chatsky in the monologue "And who are the judges?" denounces those “homelands of the fathers” who, “are rich in robbery”, “found protection from court in friends, in kinship, magnificent building chambers, where they overflow in feasts and extravagance”, denounces “the meanest traits of the past life”. Myself
Chatsky treats the people with great respect, he calls them "our smart, cheerful people."

It is impossible to imagine Chatsky in the role of a serf-owner; it is not for nothing that Famusov advises him not to manage the "estate by mistake". Chatsky values ​​a person by his intelligence, education, and not by the number of serf souls or rank. Therefore, for him, a certain Foma Fomich, a well-known and important official, is just "the most empty person, from the most stupid."

Chatsky stands up for the freedom of the individual, for the right of a person to decide his own destiny: to serve or not to serve, to engage in science or art, to live in a village or in a city. Chatsky is a supporter of enlightenment, education, and all these Chatsky's views cause horror of rejection among his ideological opponents.

Ideals and views of Chatsky- This Ideals and views true patriot; he speaks sarcastically about a certain Frenchman from Bordeaux, who, at an evening in Famusov’s house, told the assembled guests “how he equipped himself on his way to Russia, to the barbarians, with fear and tears,” but when he arrived, “he found that there was no end to the caresses, neither the sound of a Russian, nor a Russian face did not meet ... ". This Frenchman felt like a "little king", and Chatsky yearns with all his heart,

So that the Lord destroyed this unclean spirit
Empty, slavish, blind imitation...

In the comedy, Chatsky is tragically alone, he has no supporters among the main characters, but there are two off-stage characters that we can attribute to the protagonist's supporters.

First of all, Skalozub’s cousin, who unexpectedly retired and “began reading books in the village,” and the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, about whom she says indignantly: “Chinov doesn’t want to know! He is a chemist, he is a botanist, Prince Fyodor, my nephew.”

In a clash with the Famus society, Chatsky is defeated. This defeat was inevitable, since there were still too few Chatskys in society. As I. A. Goncharov wrote in the critical study “A Million of Torments”: “Chatsky is broken by the amount of old strength, inflicting a mortal blow on it with the quality of fresh strength.”

But such as Chatsky, Goncharov called "advanced warriors, skirmishers", who are the first to enter the battle and almost always die.

But thoughts, ideas, Ideals and views of Chatsky were not in vain, such Chatskys will come to the Senate Square on December 14, 1825, where they will clash with the world of the Famusovs, silent-lings and pufferfish.

Griboyedov, Woe from Wit. What are the moral and life ideals of the Famus society?

Woe from Wit is Griboyedov's famous work, which depicts the life of the country after the Patriotic War of 1812. This is a life where two camps collided.

The first camp is an advanced, Decembrist view, a new view of life, of its foundations. The second camp is the nobility, or the past century, they are also Famus society.

We will talk about the ideals of the Famus society in the essay, considering both their moral and life ideals.

To understand what are the ideals in the Famus society, to highlight their ideals and values, it is enough to get acquainted with the work of Griboyedov. In it, the author, depicting the past century, creates images of the noble nobles of Moscow, who call themselves aces, they are also representatives of the Famus society.

Life ideals of the Famus society

Who is a person from this circle and what are their life ideals? Here we see only the rich, noble nobles, so to speak, the beau monde of the capital. All of them come from noble families, and the ideals of these people are simple and understandable.

For these people, only money is important, with the help of which both ranks and orders can be obtained. These are people who are not famous for their services to the Fatherland, for them civic duty means nothing, the main thing is that the groom has a thicker wallet and then he will be a respected person.

Famusov, talking about the ideals of a person, says so, be inferior, but if there are souls of two thousand family members, he is the groom. So, Skalozub was a good candidate for suitors, because he was aiming for generals, besides, he also had a bag of gold.

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But if there is no money, if a person is poor, then the Famus society will treat him with contempt. You can’t even talk about serfs at all, because they are generally not considered people, calling them blockheads and crowbars. Again, in order for the beau monde to respect, wealth is needed.

For example, Tatyana Yuryevna is respected, because she suits rich balls.

Moral ideals of the Famus society

If we talk about moral ideals and views in Famusov's society, then here for Famusov his uncle is the ideal, whom he sets as an example to everyone. His uncle served under Catherine, but he did not get his place at court with the help of any talents or merit.

He simply sacrificed the back of his head, his neck simply often bent in bows. What is most terrible, many representatives of this environment also receive honor and wealth in the same way. The same Skolozub is no better.

According to his story, in 1813 he simply sat in hiding, and after such an outstanding feat he received a medal, now he is waiting for the rank of general.

The ideal of the Famus society is definitely not enlightenment, because enlightenment and learning are like a plague for them. People who are engaged in science and creativity are useless people for society. Famusov believes that education only harms, so he would simply burn all the books. And they don't even read newspapers.

Famusov's entourage is also false patriots. They only talk about patriotism, but they themselves do nothing for the country. Although there are ranks, they are not deserved in the performance of military or civic duty. Foreign words are constantly heard in their conversation, they listen to French romances, they follow the French fashion.

So what characterizes Famus society? And here we can summarize. Famus society is characterized by fear of the new, fear of progress, and the ideal is ignorance and conservatism. So they live according to the principle: take rewards and live happily.

Chatsky's ideals (based on the comedy "Woe from Wit")

Works › Griboedov A.S. › Woe from Wit

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In my comedy, there are 25 fools to one sane person. And this man, of course, in contradiction with the society around him, no one understands, no one wants to forgive, why he is a little higher than others.

A. S. Griboyedov

A.S. Griboedov brought to the stage two opposing camps, the camp of young Russia and the camp of the serf-owners. Their struggle was a phenomenon of Russian life in the tenth and twenties of the XIX century.

At this time, revolutionary nobles stood out from the general mass of the nobility - supporters of the fight against everything obsolete in the social and political system, supporters of the fight for the new for the country's movement forward.

Life ideals of the Famus society

A. S. Griboyedov wrote his famous comedy “Woe from Wit” in the first half of the 19th century, in the midst of preparations for the December uprising. Revolutionary moods already prevailed in society. It seemed to be invisibly divided into the nobility that had developed by that time and new people who carried advanced ideas to the masses. Griboyedov himself belonged to the second camp, so A. A. Chatsky became the main character of the work.

And he condemns the established worldview of wealthy officials.

One of these Moscow landowners was Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, in whose house the entire beau monde of the city gathered. Thanks to this hero, for more than two centuries there has been an expression “famus society”. Who are the people from Famusov's circle? All of them, without exception, come from noble families, and therefore, people who are poorer are treated with contempt.

They have a very prejudiced attitude towards serfs. For them, they are “parsley”, “chumps”, “crowbars”, etc. Famusov himself, turning to his workers, says: “Get you to work! Settle you!”

These so-called Moscow nobles boast of their patriotism, while doing nothing for the sake of the country. Even their ranks they deserved not brave military duty. They distort Russian names in the French manner, wear dresses modeled on foreign fashionistas, read French books, sing French romances.

This is what Chatsky condemns in them, who is unpleasant to see such false patriotism in his environment. The life ideals of the Famus society can also include indifference to service and a negative attitude towards teaching. For them, people engaged in science or creativity are useless subjects for society.

As Famusov says in relation to Chatsky's "madness": "Learning is the plague, learning is the reason that today, more than ever, there are crazy divorced people, deeds, and opinions." And everyone readily agrees with him.

To be precise, the “past” century in Griboyedov’s work is represented by the Tugoukhovsky, Gorich, Khryumin families, the elderly Madame Khlestova, Skalozub, Zagoretsky and Repetilov. The Tugoukhovskys come to the Famusovs' ball to find “worthy” husbands for their daughters. Gorichi are old friends of Chatsky, but he perceives this couple with slight irony, because Natalya Dmitrievna skillfully subjugated her husband and made him a weak-willed person.

Countess Hryumina: grandmother and granddaughter. Chatsky especially dislikes the latter for her caustic manner of remarks and imitation of French milliners. Madame Khlestova is a domineering and capricious old woman who took with her a dog and a girl-arapka.

A special place in comedy is occupied by Skalozub, Repetilov and Zagoretsky. The first was chosen by Famusov as a husband for his daughter Sophia, since he is rude, uneducated, uncouth, but he has a good financial condition and occupies an “important” post. Zagoretsky is a former gambler, swindler and thief, and Repetilov is a thoughtless talker who, however, was lucky to marry the daughter of a wealthy official. With the tacit consent of these heroes, the fate of other people is decided in a comedy.

Thus, all representatives of the Famus society are united by a common ideals, which include inertia, lack of education, fear of progress, fear of everything that is new.

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Composition on the topic: Life ideals of the Famus society in the comedy Woe from Wit Griboyedov

Which depicts the life of the country after the Patriotic War of 1812. This is a life where two camps collided. The first camp is an advanced, Decembrist view, a new view of life, of its foundations. The second camp is the nobility, or the past century, they are also Famus society. It is precisely about the ideals of the Famus society that we will talk in, having considered both their moral and life ideals.

To understand what are the ideals in the Famus society, to highlight their ideals and values, it is enough to get acquainted with the work of Griboyedov. In it, the author, depicting the past century, creates images of the noble nobles of Moscow, who call themselves aces, they are also representatives of the Famus society.

Life ideals of the Famus society

Who is a person from this circle and what are their life ideals? Here we see only the rich, noble nobles, so to speak, the beau monde of the capital. All of them come from noble families, and the ideals of these people are simple and understandable.

For these people, only money is important, with the help of which both ranks and orders can be obtained. These are people who are not famous for their services to the Fatherland, for them civic duty means nothing, the main thing is that the groom has a thicker wallet and then he will be a respected person. Famusov, talking about the ideals of a person, says so, be inferior, but if there are souls of two thousand family members, he is the groom. So, Skalozub was a good candidate for suitors, because he was aiming for generals, besides, he also had a bag of gold. But if there is no money, if a person is poor, then the Famus society will treat him with contempt. You can’t even talk about serfs at all, because they are generally not considered people, calling them blockheads and crowbars. Again, in order for the beau monde to respect, wealth is needed. For example, Tatyana Yuryevna is respected, because she suits rich balls.

Moral ideals of the Famus society

If we talk about moral ideals and views in Famusov's society, then here for Famusov his uncle is the ideal, whom he sets as an example to everyone. His uncle served under Catherine, but he did not get his place at court with the help of any talents or merit. He simply sacrificed the back of his head, his neck simply often bent in bows. What is most terrible, many representatives of this environment also receive honor and wealth in the same way. The same Skolozub is no better. According to his story, in 1813 he simply sat in hiding, and after such an outstanding feat he received a medal, now he is waiting for the rank of general.

The ideal of the Famus society is definitely not enlightenment, because enlightenment and learning are like a plague for them. People who are engaged in science and creativity are useless people for society. Famusov believes that education only harms, so he would simply burn all the books. And they don't even read newspapers.

Famusov's entourage is also false patriots. They only talk about patriotism, but they themselves do nothing for the country. Although there are ranks, they are not deserved in the performance of military or civic duty. Foreign words are constantly heard in their conversation, they listen to French romances, they follow the French fashion.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" was enthusiastically received by the revolutionary-minded nobles. It reflected the life of Russia, the spirit of the era, exposed the state of Russian society. Griboedov's comedy was based on the clash of the views of the Decembrists with the reactionary mass of the nobility. In his work, Griboyedov posed a number of important problems: the problem of serfdom and the relationship between noble landowners and serfs, the problem of public service, education and culture, false and true patriotism. 5ga issues gave the comedy a sharp political character.

“A bunch of freaks of society, each of whom caricatured some opinion, rule, thought, perverting their legitimate meaning in their own way ...” (Gogol).

Griboyedov, a realist, brought a whole crowd of inhabitants of noble Moscow onto the stage. These are "aces", as they proudly call themselves, rich and noble nobles. They are famous not only for their merits in the service field, not for the excellent performance of civic duty, not for orders and wounds received on the battlefields. No! We know that a certain Tatyana Yurievna is respected here because she

Balls can not be richer
From Christmas to Lent
And summer holidays in the country.

Drawing for himself the ideals of a person from whom one should learn to live, Famusov says:

He's not on silver
I ate on gold, a hundred people at the service,
All in orders, he always drove in a train.
Wealth for them is the main thing,
Be poor, but if you get
Souls of a thousand two tribal
That and the groom.

They treated people poorer than themselves with contempt. They can “allow” the poor to themselves if they need him, but they will never miss an opportunity to arrogantly reproach him:

“He warmed up the bezrodny and introduced him into my family.
Gave the rank of assessor and took secretary
Transferred to Moscow through my assistance,
And if it wasn't for me, you would have smoked in Tver" -

reminds Famusov Molchalin.

The Moscow nobility is a circle of closely connected acquaintances. Connections help them do business, get new ranks and positions. Here they help out, but only a “native person”, here they go to visit Tatyana Yuryevna, but more because

Officials and officials -
All her friends and all her family.

They are promoted here only to

And take rewards and have fun.

With enthusiasm, Famusov tells young people about the nobleman Maxim Petrovich, who served under Catherine. This is the ideal of the entire noble society. Maxim Petrovich, seeking a place at court, did not show any business merit or talent, but only, as Chatsky wittily remarks, "bravely sacrificed the back of his head", that is, he fell to please the empress, and became famous for the fact that he often "bent neck" in bows.

And many visitors to Famusov's house create honor and wealth for themselves in the same way as this old nobleman.

“Whoever needs it, so arrogant in the dust,
And for those who are higher, flattery, like lace, was woven.

For example, Repetilov, in order to take his place in society, also used workarounds:

"Baron von Klaz to ministers methyl,
And I -
I went straight to him as a son-in-law.

And Skalozub? From his story we learn that in August 1813 he "sat down in a trench", i.e. apparently, he was holed up in a shelter. After such a "brilliant" military feat, Skalozub not only received an order "on the neck", but is about to be promoted to general. And here he hopes not for his own merits, but for completely different reasons:

"The vacancies are just open,
Then the elders will be turned off by others,
Others, you see, are killed.

The Moscow higher nobility lives monotonously and is not interesting. Let's go to Famusov's house. Guests gather here every day. What are they busy with? Dinner, playing cards, talking about money and clothes, gossip. Everyone here knows about others: they envy successes, gloatingly celebrate failures. Chatsky has not yet appeared, and here they are already slandering about his failures in the service. Princess Tugoukhovskaya is jealous of Princess Khryumina, and Countess Khryumina is "evil to the whole world", Khlesgova starts a quarrel with Famusov and Skalozub.

With what pleasure these bored gossips seized on Sophia's invention about Chatsky's madness. The rumor instantly spreads through the rooms, gossip is picked up and inflated by people who do not even know, who have not seen Chatsky.

Here are their small thoughts and ridiculous inventions. Turns out he's crazy because

I went after my mother, after Anna Alekseevna,
The deceased went crazy 8 times.

He allegedly drank champagne in "glasses", "bottles-s" and large and "forties" barrels. And what awareness in other people's affairs is shown by these bored loafers! A lively conversation turns into an argument - but about what? Yes, of course, about the wealth of Chatsky. How many fortress souls does he have? Enraged Khlestova minted:

“No, three hundred - I don’t know other people’s estates!”

Is there any other information in their heads besides other people's wealth? No, none of them read newspapers, and if they come across a printed word, how many evil thoughts it will cause!

Enlightenment for them is a plague, a danger that threatens the usual ways of life. Famusov speaks with hatred:

“Learning is the plague, learning is the cause,
What is now more than ever,
Crazy divorced people, and deeds and opinions, ”-

and ends his thought with a categorical demand:

"...No! so if you do not stop:
Collect all the books and burn them!”

Moscow nobles are arrogant and arrogant. He treats people poorer than himself with condescension. But especially contempt is heard in the remarks addressed to the serfs. They are "filki", "fomki", "chumps", "lazy grouse". One conversation with them

“To work you! Settle you!”

Nobles do not see people like themselves in their servants. Moreover, this applies to people of a different race. Talking about her purchase, Khlesgova forgets that she did not buy a small animal, but a person:

“What kind of arapka do I have for services:
Curly! Hump ​​of the shoulder blade!
Angry! All cat tricks!
After all, the Lord created such a tribe!
Damn it."

And in the monologue “Who are the judges?” Chatsky indignantly tells how the nobles, “overflowing in feasts and extravagance,” manage the lives of their serfs. Here is a portrait of a serf-owner:

“That Nestor of noble villains,
Crowd surrounded by servants
Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fight
And honor and life saved him, suddenly
He traded three greyhounds for them!!!”

Moscow nobles boast of their patriotism, their love for their native city, for their country Famusov enthusiastically tells Skalozub about "a special imprint on all Moscow." But we notice that there is not enough Russian, simple and natural in them. On the contrary, everything in them, starting from their semi-Russian language, outfits “with taffeta, marigold and smoke” and their attitude towards their people, is deeply alien to Russian. Girls sing French romances, read French books, Russian names in a foreign way in Moscow.

"The door is open to the invited and the uninvited,
Especially from foreign ones.

In close formation, the Famusites oppose everything new, advanced. Here Skalozub tells with irritation about his cousin, who

“I firmly gained some new rules,
The rank followed him, he suddenly left the service,
In the village he began to read books.

This behavior is "not correct" according to Famusov and Skalozub. They themselves can be liberal, but they are afraid of fundamental changes:

“It’s not that novelties are introduced - never,
Save us, God! No".

And when Chatsky dared to "publicly" declare five or six thoughts "sensible", how frightened the old gentleman Famusov! He called Chatsky a "dangerous person", and his thoughts were "slanderous ideas." For him, brought up in the spirit of the Maximov Petrovichs, in the past 18th century, the 19th century seems like a dangerous time. In every person who looks like him, Famusov sees a "carbonara", a "farmason", a "Voltairian".

There are many members of the Famus society, each of them has their own personal traits, but all of them are united in one camp by the ideals “And take rewards and live happily”, “And a golden bag and aims for generals!”, Conservatism, inertia, fear of the new, fear of progressive people.