The Buddha had a huge growth, webbing between the fingers and toes, a retractable genital hour. Causes and treatment of fused toes

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CHAPTER VIII

WEBBINGS BETWEEN FINGERS

Webbing between the toes or the sixth finger on the hand are given to man by nature, but they add nothing to our nature. Those who are committed to duty and humanity will perhaps consider them as close to themselves as the organs of the body, but still they do not embody the properties of the righteous Path. It turns out that the membrane between the toes is a useless piece of flesh, and the sixth finger on the hand is an unnecessary process. Considering the membrane and the sixth finger as the true purpose of bodily organs is like judging people's behavior according to the laws of humanity and duty, relying only on your mind.

Therefore, the addiction to contemplation clouds our perception of the five colors, confuses for us all the patterns of the world, just as many-colored robes blind our eyes. Do you disagree? But the example of Li Zhu proves it. Predilection for sweetness mixes the five musical notes for us, just as the hymns of Huang-chuang and Ta-lu deafen us. Do you disagree? But the example of music teacher Kuan proves it. To take care of one's humanity, as if one were taking care of an extra shoot on one's hand, means to violate one's vital properties and put obstacles in the way of one's nature in order to gain respect and glory and force the world to submit to useless laws to the sounds of pipes and gongs. Do you disagree? But scientists Zeng and Shi proved it. He who is fond of disputes builds towers of tiles and ties knots in a rope, inventing tricky words and enticing judgments to make everyone think about what is "hardness" and "whiteness", "like" and "different", and admire empty speeches. Do you disagree? But the examples of Yang Zhu and Mo Di prove it. All these are arts that glorify the external and worthless and far from the righteous Path in this world.

The one who walks the righteous Path does not deviate from his nature and destiny. Therefore, unity with others is not a useless membrane for him, demarcation with others is not a useless offshoot for him. What is abundant in him is not in excess, what is scarce in him is not in lack. A duck has short legs, but try to stretch them out and you will make him miserable. The crane has long legs, but try to shorten them and you will cause him suffering. Therefore, what is naturally long cannot be shortened, and what is naturally short cannot be lengthened. In nature, there is nothing to get rid of; in nature, nothing can give us displeasure. But humanity and duty also do not constitute the essence of man. Why do our high-minded men care so much about them?

And besides, try to cut off the membranes on someone's fingers - and he will cry in pain. Try to cut off someone's sixth finger and he will scream in pain. Among these two, one has more limbs than it should, but they will hurt equally. The pious people of our time, in their blindness, lament the misfortunes of the world. Scoundrels trample on their nature and their destiny in order to achieve honors and wealth. And therefore, should we not conclude that humanity and duty do not constitute the essence of man? Why, since the time of the Three Dynasties 1, has there been so much noise around them in the world?

To rely on compasses, plumb lines, and squares to straighten things is to violate their nature. Relying on rope, glue, and varnish to hold things together is to encroach on their vitality. And to bow and bend according to etiquette, to praise humanity and duty, wishing to calm the hearts of people, means to refuse constancy in oneself. There is no doubt that there is permanence in the Celestial Empire. But curvature, as a permanent property of things, does not come from the carpenter's compass, and straightness, as a permanent property of things, does not come from his square, the splicing of things is not achieved by glue and varnish, the connection of things is not achieved by ropes and knots. This is how all beings in the Celestial World live and do not know what they owe their lives to. All of them equally possess the fullness of vital properties, and they do not know why this happens. Therefore, the past is no different from the present, and nothing in the world will leave its place. Why, then, the heralds of humanity and duty in an endless string, as if glued together or tied with ropes, come into this world and preach morality, bringing confusion into the minds?

People who are slightly lost go astray. People who are seriously lost turn away from their nature. How do we know this? Ever since the Yu clan attracted well-meaning men to rule the Celestial Empire, all people in the world have rushed to race for humanity and duty. Doesn't that mean exchanging your nature for humanity and duty? Let's try to figure this out. Since the time of the Three Dynasties, every person in the world has exchanged his nature for something else. A low man sacrifices himself for profit, a service man sacrifices himself for glory, a high-ranking husband does not spare himself for the sake of his family, and a wise man sacrifices himself to the whole world. And no matter how different the occupations of these people, no matter what memory they left about themselves, they were all the same in that they harmed their nature and destroyed themselves.

Two shepherds, Zang and Gu, were tending their flock together, and both lost their sheep. When they were asked what they did in the pasture, it turned out that Zang was reading books and Gu was playing dice. The occupations of the shepherds were not the same, but in that they lost the sheep, they were exactly the same. Boyi died for glory at Shouyang Mountain. The robber Zhi died because of his greed at the Eastern Hill. Both of them died for different reasons, but in that they lost their lives, they were completely equal. Are we supposed to believe that Boyi was right and the robber Zhi was wrong? No one in the world can escape death. The one who perishes because of humanity and duty, the simpletons call a noble man. And the one who perishes because of treasures, the simpletons call a low man. Although both of them perish, one is reputed to be a noble man, and the other a low man. But the robber Zhi, who killed himself, is no different from Boyi. What does it matter which of them is a noble man and which is a low man?

The one who submits his nature to humanity and duty, even if he is smart, like the scholars Zeng and Shi, I will not call great. And someone who violates his own nature for the sake of the five taste senses, even if he is smart like Yu Er, I will not call great either. Someone who violates his own nature for the love of sweetness, even if he is skilled in music, like Master Kuan, I will not call a person with a good ear. And one who torments his nature for the love of flowers, even if he understands them like Li Zhu, I will not call a person with sharp eyesight. When I call someone great, I'm not talking about humanity and duty, but about the fullness of life's attributes. Again, when I call someone great, I'm not talking about the ability to distinguish between five taste sensations, but about trust in one's nature and one's destiny. When I call someone a person with good hearing, I'm not saying that he hears others well, but that he knows how to listen to himself. When I call someone a person with sharp eyesight, I am not saying that he sees others well, but that he knows how to peer into himself. To look at others and not to look into oneself, not to comprehend oneself, but to comprehend others, means to acquire what belongs to others and not to acquire what belongs to oneself. It means to conform to what pleases others and not to conform to what pleases oneself. If, however, one lives only for the sake of what others please, and does not live for the sake of what pleases oneself, then both Boyi and the robber Zhi, one might say, "fell into excesses." I bow to the righteous power of life, and therefore I do not want to exercise in the exercise of humanity and duty, nor live in such a way as to "fall into excesses."

If one or more interdigital connections continue above this conditional line, then we can confidently say that there is a membrane between the fingers.

Most often, the membranes are located between the second and third fingers. If these formations are very large and it becomes necessary to separate the fingers, it is quite easy to do this with the help of an operation.

What is the pedomantic meaning of webbed fingers?

Webbing between the toes is not just a physical pathology. This is evidence of the deep connection between the spheres that characterize the adjoining fingers. The presence of a membrane between the fingers, as it were, connects them into one whole, uniting the properties of each of them. For example, the most common membrane between the second and third fingers indicates a close relationship between a person’s inner self-perceptions, ideas, and his heart problems. In life, such people are guided, as a rule, by the heart, and not by the mind.

The membrane between the third and fourth fingers indicates a closer connection between a person and his heart. This can be judged by what he thinks about his love and how he expresses it. Usually such people are calm and balanced, they have a kind, loving heart, always ready for empathy. They are able to put themselves in the place of another person, as well as accurately determine the emotional state of the interlocutor by his reactions, actions, gestures, facial expressions.

People with a webbing between the third and fourth toes are often creative individuals, with developed intuition, a flexible mind and a lack of self-worth. What they know about themselves, they are completely satisfied. These people are capable of both figurative and abstract thinking, are able to clearly express their needs and often represent a model of spiritual wisdom.

Children with webbed toes

According to statistics, recently in the world quite a lot of children are born with webbing between their toes. There are especially many of them among the so-called indigo children, who are very strong physically and have great spiritual potential. In such children, membranes are observed not only between the third and fourth fingers, but sometimes between the third and second. Such children are not easy to raise because of their hyperactivity, willfulness, wisdom, which is not characteristic of other children of the same age.

It should be noted the importance of the relationship between the inner essence and the human heart. If this connection is absent, we cease to feel a sense of compassion not only for the people around us, but even for ourselves. Believing in our own exclusivity, we strive to rise above others, do not obey discipline or certain rules, do not tend to recognize the authority of others, refuse to perform tasks that do not meet our momentary desires. Such people do not know the measure, their needs are endless, quite often they feel like outcasts among people and are lonely. These are either completely non-emotional people, or, conversely, too emotional and sensitive.

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The Buddha had a huge growth, membranes between the fingers and toes, a retractable genital

Mysterious paintings of Roerich

I was looking for something on the Internet and came across these two famous paintings by Nicholas Roerich. I would like to continue the topic.

In our country, for example, the epic hero Svyatogor, a man of enormous stature, whom even the earth could not withstand.

For example, in the Bible: “At that time there were giants on earth, especially since the time when the sons of God began to enter into the daughters of men and they began to give birth. "

Or ". We also saw giants there. from a gigantic family; and we were. before them like locusts. "

The Qur'an says that they were "higher than the tallest palms." And they laughed at Noah, who began to build an ark, fleeing from the impending flood. They said: “The flood will not harm us. We are too high. "

“Why is it difficult to connect observations from different fields of science? The time is coming when the consent of scientists from the most diverse fields of science is required. It will be necessary to combine the discoveries of new ancient Cultures with mechanical and physical observations. There are skeletons of giants with objects that require heterogeneous observation. Finally, the ancient knowledge of the sky will be required in connection with the strange changes in the phenomena of our planet. Good agreement is needed to expand the horizon of new observers. "

Another argument is the strange cyclopean buildings. And the most amazing of them is the Baalbek Terrace in Lebanon, located about a hundred kilometers from Beirut. At its base, archaeologists discovered monolithic stone blocks measuring 21x5x4 meters. Some weigh thousands of tons. And they are fitted so neatly that it is difficult to stick even a needle between the edges. Who, if not the giant tilers, could lay them down?

A team of giants may have participated in the construction of the Egyptian and Mexican pyramids, Stonehenge and the Colossus of Rhodes, and erected huge stone idols on the coast of Easter Island.

And in their free time, the giants played with balls. These "toys" - giant stone spheres called "Las Bolas Grandes" - are scattered throughout the jungles of Costa Rica (Central America). There are those that weigh 16 tons and reach a diameter of 2.5 meters.

“The bodies were huge, and the faces were so different from ordinary human faces that it was amazing to see them, and it was scary to hear them speak,” this is how the real historian Josephus describes the giants. His colleague Pausanias, who lived in the 2nd century, tells that a well-preserved skeleton of a man over 5 meters tall was discovered in Syria.

Ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler who lived a thousand years ago, saw a 6-meter skeleton, which was shown to him by the subjects of the Khazar king. A skeleton of the same size, being in Switzerland in the museum of the city of Lucerne, was seen by Russian classic writers Turgenev and Korolenko. They were told that these huge bones were discovered in 1577 in a mountain cave by the physician Felix Platner.

In the Russian chronicles it is said that in the battle on the Kulikovo field, the nomads put up a giant 4 meters tall. But a group of our heroes, led by Oslyaby, overwhelmed him. Perhaps then years ago - the last of the giants died.

Only four- or six-meter giants were not the most gigantic. While conquering America, the Spaniards discovered in one of the Aztec temples a skeleton as much as 20 meters tall. And they sent it as a gift to the Pope. And a certain Whitney, who served at the beginning of the 19th century as the chief archaeologist for the US government, examined a skull with a diameter of 2 meters. He was found in one of the mines in Ohio. Such a "bowler" was supposed to belong to a man under 50 meters tall. This is already the scale of the giants from among those who laughed at Noah before the flood.

Also, the well-known ophthalmologist Ernst Muldashev was noted for the search for giants (and in general for all other secrets). (http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1308/42_02)

“As a result of a long search near the city of Aleppo in Syria, we managed to find a place where there were several graves of giants who were worshiped by people. But, according to local residents, a few years ago, orthodox Muslims destroyed them by leveling the tombstones with a bulldozer. Here, by the way, it would be possible to conduct archaeological excavations, although ... the reaction of the local population can be unpredictable.

At 20 km from this place on top of a hill, we were shown another giant's grave, which the locals called "the grave of a 7.5-meter man." The name of the giant was Mohammed Attaul, which translates as Mohammed the High. He, according to legend, came here from Yemen, was a miracle worker, knew the dialect of the Arabic language, which was spoken by the prophet Muhammad. Here he died and was buried. Two years ago, the giant's well-groomed grave was dug up by treasure hunters, but they were caught and imprisoned. And now local peasants are restoring it on their own: they have already outlined it with large stones and laid out a stone fence around it. The length of the grave is 7.75 meters, the width is 2.20 meters.

According to Muldashev, these giants were once the Atlanteans.

Much has been written about the mysteries of Easter Island. When the island was discovered in 1722 by the Dutch (on Holy Easter Day) it was treeless and deserted. But the island has been found to have a small population living in the Stone Age. At the same time, the ruins of structures made of multi-ton stone blocks, hundreds of giant stone idols, among which there are giants, up to 10 meters high and weighing up to 80 tons, testified to the existence of a once developed civilization there. What is the purpose of these many statues? Why did this civilization disappear?

By the time man settled there, it was an island rich in vegetation and game. It is believed that people settled on it in the 5th - 6th centuries. But by the 15th century, he had practically destroyed the forest, expanding the territory for agriculture, cutting down palm trees for fuel, for building boats and for transporting stone statues. True, the natives claim that the statues moved by themselves, under the influence of some kind of psychic force. With the destruction of forests, the soil was weathered and washed away by rains. Streams and springs disappeared. Agriculture fell into decline. All wild species of land birds on the island were completely exterminated. There was a famine and, as a result, this was followed by internecine wars for spheres of vital interests. Such human activity on our planet continues to this day.

The Olmecs, the people who inhabited the territory of present-day Mexico in the second millennium BC, remain an unsolved mystery. and suddenly disappeared by the beginning of the millennium AD. After themselves, they left pyramids, various buildings, statues. But most of all, the giant heads carved by them from black basalt in helmets of three meters in height and weighing up to forty tons are striking. These are the remains of sculptures that the Olmecs, shortly before their disappearance, for some reason broke, retaining only their heads. The rest of the sculptures, laid in regular rows strictly to the cardinal points, were buried in the ground. Neither war nor epidemics, according to research, preceded the disappearance of the Olmecs.

Built raises many questions among scientists. How did people build this monument on a tiny island 1200 years ago (this is how the time of processing blocks is dated), for what purpose? There are no rocks on the island, and the nearest rocky islands are located 200 miles away. How were such huge stones transported? What knowledge and abilities did these people have?

So, what kind of pracivilization existed on Earth? What is the reason for her disappearance?

It seemed to many that there was a revolver in the hand of the skeleton! 🙂

Webbing between fingers

WEBBINGS BETWEEN FINGERS

The one who walks the righteous Path does not deviate from his nature and destiny. Therefore, unity with others is not a useless membrane for him, demarcation with others is not a useless process for him. What is abundant in him is not in excess, what is scarce in him is not in lack. A duck has short legs, but try to stretch them out and you will make him miserable. The crane has long legs, but try to shorten them and you will cause him suffering. Therefore, what is naturally long cannot be shortened, and what is naturally short cannot be lengthened. In nature, there is nothing to get rid of; in nature, nothing can give us displeasure. But humanity and duty also do not constitute the essence of man. Why do our high-minded men care so much about them?

And besides, try to cut off the membranes on someone's fingers - and he will cry in pain. Try to cut off someone's sixth finger - and he will scream in pain. Among these two, one has more limbs than it should, but they will hurt equally. The pious people of our time, in their blindness, lament the misfortunes of the world. Scoundrels trample on their nature and their destiny in order to achieve honors and wealth. And therefore, should we not conclude that humanity and duty do not constitute the essence of man? Why, since the time of the Three Dynasties 1, has there been so much noise around them in the world?

To rely on compasses, plumb lines, and squares to straighten things is to violate their nature. Relying on rope, glue, and varnish to hold things together is to impinge on their vitality. But bowing and bending according to etiquette, praising humanity and duty, wanting to calm the hearts of people, is to refuse constancy in oneself. There is no doubt that there is permanence in the Celestial Empire. But curvature, as a permanent property of things, does not come from the carpenter's compass, and straightness, as a permanent property of things, does not come from his square, the splicing of things is not achieved by glue and varnish, the connection of things is not achieved by ropes and knots. This is how all beings in the Celestial World live and do not know what they owe their lives to. All of them equally possess the fullness of vital properties, and they do not know why this happens. Therefore, the past is no different from the present, and nothing in the world will leave its place. Why, then, the heralds of humanity and duty in an endless string, as if glued together or tied with ropes, come into this world and preach morality, bringing confusion into the minds?

The one who submits his nature to humanity and duty, even if he is smart, like the scholars Zeng and Shi, I will not call great. And someone who violates his own nature for the sake of the five taste senses, even if he is smart like Yu Er, I will not call great either. Someone who violates his own nature for the love of sweetness, even if he is skilled in music, like Master Kuan, I will not call a person with a good ear. And one who torments his nature for the love of flowers, even if he understands them like Li Zhu, I will not call a person with sharp eyesight. When I call someone great, I'm not talking about humanity and duty, but about the fullness of life's attributes. Again, when I call someone great, I'm not talking about the ability to distinguish between five taste sensations, but about trust in one's nature and one's destiny. When I call someone a person with good hearing, I'm not saying that he hears others well, but that he knows how to listen to himself. When I call someone a person with sharp eyesight, I am not saying that he sees others well, but that he knows how to peer into himself. To look at others and not to look into oneself, not to comprehend oneself, but to comprehend others means to acquire what belongs to others and not to acquire what belongs to oneself. It means to conform to what pleases others and not to conform to what pleases oneself. If, however, one lives only for the sake of what others please, and does not live for the sake of what pleases oneself, then both Boyi and the robber Zhi, one might say, "fell into excesses." I bow to the righteous power of life, and therefore I do not want to exercise in the exercise of humanity and duty, nor live in such a way as to "fall into excesses."

Comments

The eighth chapter of Zhuangzi's book "The Webs Between the Fingers" opens its so-called Outer Section. Unlike the texts of the Inner Section, this chapter is written in a monologue, and its main theme is a critique of civilization. It took shape relatively late: probably several decades after Chuang Tzu's death. But it expresses - although often with sharpness and pedantry unusual for Chuang Tzu - many of the motives bequeathed by the ancient philosopher. The main pathos of the chapter is to protect the natural self-sufficiency of every living being.

1. Three Dynasties - the three oldest dynasties in China - Xia, Yin and Zhou - with which the ancient Chinese associated the image of the "golden age" of antiquity.

2. This phrase literally reproduces the judgment contained in the sixth chapter of the book of Chuang Tzu.

Why do people need webbing between fingers?

Normally there are no membranes

This feature is found only in some people and is associated with the course of embryonic development. The formation of the limb begins with a rounded protrusion. It grows, its end expands and flattens. Muscles and bones are formed inside the "plate". Separation of fingers occurs as a result of massive cell death of the tissue connecting them. Some mutations cause the cells to not die and develop into a membrane. And in animals moving to a near-aquatic lifestyle, the membranes are picked up by selection and become a species trait.

Finger fusion - how to solve the problem of the membrane between the fingers

Fused fingers in humans are a relatively rare occurrence. It occurs in one person in 2-2.5 thousand. This condition is characterized by the formation of a membrane between the fingers or the direct fusion of the fingers pressed together.

Most often, the second and third grow together. Diagnosis of this disease occurs immediately after birth. If other signs and symptoms accompany finger fusion, doctors can identify the specific syndrome.

Cause of fusion of fingers

The cause of the fusion of the fingers is still unknown. Sometimes family members have the same disease, which may indicate hereditary factors. Sometimes, however, such a case happens for the first time in a given family.

The risk of finger fusion is higher in people with Down syndrome. The disease may also be associated with the following syndromes: Apert, Bardet-Biedl, Carpenter, Cornelia de Lange, Edwards, Jackson-Weiss, Miller, Pfeiffer, etc.

With the fusion of toes, you can live without any problems. In the case of fusion of the fingers, the matter is somewhat complicated. However, despite this disease, it is possible to develop normally and achieve success in life.

Examples of this are famous individuals who have or have had fused fingers: Dan Aychord, a Canadian actor, Joseph Stalin, Aston Kuther, an American actor, Tricia Helfer, a Canadian actress, and two fictional American characters, Marge Simpson and Molly Mkleish.

Treatment of fused fingers

If the fused toes do not interfere with normal life, then the disease of the fingers complicates the grip with the hand. The disease requires surgical treatment, it is best to carry it out when the child is still small, 2-3 years. Then the operation is easier to perform, and the child will better endure it.

Merged toes do not make sense to separate. This is largely a cosmetic defect that can be a big problem, especially for younger people. They may experience stress and fear of other people's unfavorable comments.

Many patients with fused fingers are sensitive to the subject of their fingers. They fall into complexes and avoid this topic by any means. People who do not interfere with fused fingers and they are even proud of it are minorities. Rarely there are people who willingly expose their unusual legs through a special slot in their shoes.

As a rule, scars remain after the operation, in addition, this can lead to nerve damage. These injuries are rare, but worth remembering. Nerve damage can lead to lack of sensation in the fingers or a constant tickling sensation. Sometimes after the operation, the skin in the operated area grows again. Then many people choose a second operation.

The skin on the membranes between the fingers is peeling, what should I do?

The most common cause of peeling, redness, itching, cracks between the fingers and toes is a fungus. But mushrooms are different. It is impossible to cure one type of fungus with drugs from another type. And broad-spectrum drugs do not always have sufficient effect for a complete cure, the disease returns.

So, you need to find the courage and go to a dermatologist, who will take a scraping for sowing and find out which of the 50 types of fungi has settled in you, prescribe an ointment.

The second reason may be eczema and diathesis rashes. Usually caused by an allergic reaction to a food or chemical compound. But, usually, it is accompanied by watery, inconspicuous at first, itchy blisters that burst, dry up and re-form. Well-established, small tablets "Dexamethosone" for such allergies and analogues.

If you know your tendency to dermatitis, then you can take pills, if not, then I would advise you to go the first way.

You should not use folk methods, they work 50/50, someone is lucky, and then someone walks with scars on their hands. And moisturizers are a great breeding ground for fungi. Iodine, alcohol, also do not affect the colonies of these fungi, they destroy surface settlements without touching the mycelium living inside the skin. I repeat once again - you should see a doctor with a requirement for sowing and determining the type, and not prescribing wide ointments.

Syndactyly of the toes and hands in children

Syndactyly is an abnormal development of the fingers due to a violation of their separation in the embryonic stage. The disorder accounts for about 50% of all congenital hand lesions and occurs with a frequency of 1:2000.

It may be an independent disorder or be accompanied by other lesions: polyphalangy and underdevelopment of fingers, brachydactyly, ectrodactyly, splitting of the hand, etc. 60% of children with this deviation have an additional anomaly of the musculoskeletal system.

Causes of pathology

The reasons why syndactyly of the toes and hands occurs lie in the field of genetics. More than 20% of severe forms are genetic in nature.

In the absence of this factor, it is worth assuming a violation of the separation of the limbs of the fetus under the influence of negative conditions. The laying of the brush occurs at the 5th week of development; at this stage, the fetus is characterized by natural syndactyly.

With standard development, fingers are laid at week 8. In case of violation of the occurrence of partitions, the fingers do not separate, i.e., syndactyly appears.

Among the causes of the pathology may be harmful effects on the expectant mother, x-rays, infections during pregnancy. Often the reasons for the appearance of such a baby are unknown.

Less commonly, there is an acquired lesion due to burns of the hand.

Another genetic disease is ectrodactyly of the extremities - the causes and possibilities of treating the pathology.

How effective is the treatment of osteomyelitis with antibiotics in combination with other methods. You can learn more about the treatment of the disease by studying our material.

Disease classification

In medicine, the deviation is divided by type, length of connection and condition of the fingers.

In the photo, syndactyly in full form

According to the length, depending on the number of fused parts of the fingers, complete and incomplete forms are distinguished. Complete - fusion, covering the nail parts. Incomplete - fusion of the joints of the phalanges. This form is divided into an incomplete basal form and a terminal form.

According to the state of the connected fingers, the deviation is simple and complex. With a simple violation, a connection of normal fingers occurs, with a complex one, altered fingers. Among other things, there are hereditary types of the disease:

Type I - webbed junction of 3rd and 4th fingers; 2 and 3 toes. There are membranes between other fingers.
Type II - connection of 3 and 4 fingers with a doubling of 4 fingers, connection of 4 and 5 toes with a doubling of 5 fingers.
Type III - bilateral connection of 4 and 5 fingers; the little finger is shortened. Basically, the feet are not affected.
Type IV - bilateral skin lesion, spoon-shaped brush. No foot injury is observed.
Type V - a lesion with the connection of the bones of the metacarpus and metatarsus. On the hands - skin connection of 3-4 fingers, on the legs - 2-3 fingers.

Unilateral deviation is observed more often than bilateral; joining fingers more often than toes.

Clinical picture in pathology

When the hands are affected, the middle and ring fingers are connected; legs - 2 and 3 fingers. Rarely are the ring and little fingers, thumb and forefinger, all fingers connected. With a bilateral lesion, the connection is symmetrical.

Undivided fingers may be normal or underdeveloped. Sometimes there is a decrease in the number of phalanges.

With a basal lesion, the performance of the hand almost does not suffer. But syndactyly in children inhibits the overall development of the child.

Diagnostic methods

The violation is determined immediately after the appearance of the baby by a neonatologist. Follow-up examination and observation is carried out by a pediatric surgeon or orthopedist. To rule out hereditary problems, a child with a disorder should be consulted by a geneticist.

The diagnosis can be made during a visual examination, but research is needed to determine the type and develop a treatment algorithm.

X-rays of the hands and feet help assess joints, bone density, and the presence and length of bone connections. To determine the intricacies of the structure of the vessels of the connected parts, rheovasography, ultrasound, angiography, and electrothermometry are carried out.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of syndactyly of the fingers is carried out only by surgery. If syndactyly of the toes is diagnosed, then surgery is not prescribed if the disorder does not interfere with walking.

The timing and appropriate method of the procedure is selected based on the shape and nature of the lesion.

The purpose of the intervention is to eliminate the external defect and restore the work of the hand.

The optimal age for the procedure is 4-5 years. In case of a terminal lesion, an earlier operation is necessary to help prevent unequal growth and secondary change in the fingers.

Treatment approaches are divided into groups:

separation of the membrane without plastics;
separation of connected fingers with skin grafting by local tissues;
dissection of fingers with free skin grafting;
separation of fingers with combined plasty;
multi-stage interventions with skin, tendon, muscle and bone grafting.

After the operation, to immobilize the fingers, a plaster is applied to the limb for 4 months.

Prognosis and complications

The applied methods of treatment give positive results. With a timely operation, the structure and work of the hand is restored.

The indicators of the effectiveness of treatment are the absence of deformation and tightening scars, the full range of motion in the interphalangeal joints, and good sensitivity of the fingers.

If treatment is not carried out, the deviation negatively affects the growth and development of the limb.

Webbing between the toes and the sixth finger on the hand are given by nature, but for / human / properties they are unnecessary. Tumor and goiter grow on the body /human/, but for the natural they are unnecessary. "Mercy" and "justice" in many prescriptions are distributed among / all / five internal organs. However, they do not correspond to the truth of natural properties. As the membranes between the toes are additional useless meat, and the sixth finger of the hand is an additional useless finger, so much external / like / membranes and sixth fingers for the properties / of all / five internal organs. Excessive "mercy" and "justice" / cause / many prescriptions, how to listen and look.
Therefore, excessively sharp vision /leads to/ a mixture of all five colors, to sophistication in ornamentation, blinding with dark and yellow embroidered royal clothes. Wasn't it so with "/Seeing/ the Web from afar" Excessively subtle hearing /leads to/ a mixture of five sounds, to sophistication in six tones, /to an addiction to musical instruments made of/ metal and stone, silk and bamboo, bells and six semitones. Isn't that what Master Quan did? Excessive "mercy" /leads/ to the rejection of properties, to the constraint of /human/ nature in the name of glory, to the fact that everyone in the Celestial Empire blew the flute and beat the drums, glorifying the unattainable sample. Didn't Zeng/-tzu/ and Chronicler /Yu/ act like that? /.../

All these teachings with membranes and six fingers do not constitute true truth in the Middle Kingdom. The real truth is not to lose the natural properties. /.../ /However/ long should not be considered superfluous, and short - insufficient. Although the legs of a duck are short, / but / try to stretch them out - you will hurt; although the crane's legs are long, / but / cut them off - you will cause grief. if you do not cut off what is naturally long, do not lengthen what is naturally short, there will be no need to eliminate pain. Ah, how repugnant to human nature are "mercy" and "justice"! How much pain "mercy" causes people!
The one to whom the membrane between the fingers is cut will cry; the one to whom the extra finger is bitten off will scream. One has an excess, the other has a deficiency, and the pain is the same for both. Modern "merciful" with clogged eyes grieve about the troubles of the world, and merciless, violating natural properties, hunger for wealth and honors. Ah, how repugnant to human nature are "mercy" and "justice"! How much noise they have caused in the world since the time of the three dynasties!
The one who, with the help of a hook and a plumb line, a compass and a square, gives / things / the proper / shape /, cripples their nature; one who strengthens /things/ with the help of ropes and knots, glue and varnish, harms /their/ properties. The one who / forces people / to bend in rituals and dances, to protect "mercy" and "justice" in order to bring peace to the minds of the Celestial Empire, deprives them of their permanent / properties /. /All things/ of the Celestial Empire have permanent /properties/. What is permanent is that which is crooked without a hook, straightened without a plumb line, rounded without a compass, squared without a square; what was connected without glue and varnish, connected without rope and braid. So /everyone/ in the Celestial Empire, drawing one another, are born and do not know why they are born; they acquire the same and do not know why they acquire. This order was both in the old days and in our time, /it/ cannot be violated. How can one who is bound by "mercy" and "justice" like glue and varnish, rope and braid, enjoy natural properties? /They/ mislead the whole world. A little delusion changed direction; the great delusion changed / human / nature. How is this known? Ever since the /"Guardian"/ of the clan of the "Owners of the Tiger" has confused the Celestial Empire with his call for "mercy" and "justice", everyone, under compulsion, hastened to follow "mercy" and "justice". Hasn't human nature changed because of the /manifestation/ of "mercy" and "justice"?
Let's try / express / a judgment about this. Since the time of the three dynasties, each /man/ in the Celestial Empire has changed his nature due to things. Insignificant people sacrificed their lives for profit, men - for the sake of glory, military leaders - for the sake of the clan, wise men - for the sake of the kingdom. These people have different inclinations, different nicknames, but by sacrificing themselves, they caused the same harm to their nature. /.../ Of those who sacrifice themselves in the Middle Kingdom, some do it for the sake of "mercy" and "justice", then they are usually called "noble men"; others - for the sake of property and wealth, then they are usually called "insignificant people." They sacrifice themselves in the same way, why do they become "noble" or "insignificant"? /.../ I am ashamed in front of natural properties, therefore I do not dare to practice "mercy" and "justice" with the former and do not dare to indulge in vices with the latter.

Zhuangzi, ch.8: "Membranes between the legs". Per. L. Pozdnevoy.
Atheists, materialists, dialecticians of Ancient China. / Entry. st., trans. and comm. L.D. Pozdneve. M.: Nauka, 1967. pp.173-175.
"Mercy" and "justice" are the main Confucian categories, they are equally ethical and normative in nature. "Noble person" - an official, a person who knows the ritual. The above fragment contains Taoist criticism not only of Confucianism in its essence, but also of any normative culture that distorts human behavior, which is violence against its nature.

8187 1

Syndactyly - abnormal development of the fingers due to a violation of their separation in the embryonic stage. The disorder accounts for about 50% of all congenital hand lesions and occurs with a frequency of 1:2000.

It can be an independent disorder or be accompanied by other lesions: polyphalangy and underdevelopment of fingers, brachydactyly, splitting of the hand, etc. 60% of children with this deviation have an additional anomaly of the musculoskeletal system.

Causes of pathology

The reasons why syndactyly of the toes and hands occurs lie in the field of genetics. More than 20% of severe forms have genetic character.

With standard development, fingers are laid at week 8. In case of violation of the occurrence of partitions, the fingers do not separate, i.e., syndactyly appears.

Among the causes of the pathology may be harmful effects on the expectant mother, x-rays, infections during pregnancy. Often the reasons for the appearance of such a baby are unknown.

The initial factors of pathology should be sought in the composition of gene and chromosomal abnormalities.

Less commonly, there is an acquired lesion due to burns of the hand.

Another genetic disease of the limbs - the causes and possibilities of treating the pathology.

How effective is the treatment of osteomyelitis with antibiotics in combination with other methods. You can learn more about the treatment of the disease in our material.

Disease classification

In medicine, the deviation is divided by type, length of connection and condition of the fingers.

By type of adhesion:

soft tissue look;
bone look.

In the photo, syndactyly in full form

In length, depending on the number of fused parts of the fingers, they distinguish complete and incomplete forms. Complete - fusion, covering the nail parts. Incomplete - fusion of the joints of the phalanges. This form is divided into an incomplete basal form and a terminal form.

According to the state of the connected fingers, the deviation is simple and complex. With a simple violation, a connection of normal fingers occurs, with a complex violation - altered fingers. Among other things, there are hereditary types of the disease:

Type I - webbed junction of 3rd and 4th fingers; 2 and 3 toes. There are membranes between other fingers.
Type II - connection of 3 and 4 fingers with a doubling of 4 fingers, connection of 4 and 5 toes with a doubling of 5 fingers.
Type III - bilateral connection of 4 and 5 fingers; the little finger is shortened. Basically, the feet are not affected.
Type IV - bilateral skin lesion, spoon-shaped brush. No foot injury is observed.
Type V - a lesion with the connection of the bones of the metacarpus and metatarsus. On the hands - skin connection of 3-4 fingers, on the legs - 2-3 fingers.

Unilateral deviation is observed more often than bilateral; joining fingers more often than toes.

Clinical picture in pathology

Undivided fingers may be normal or underdeveloped. Sometimes there is a decrease in the number of phalanges.

With a basal lesion, the performance of the hand almost does not suffer. But syndactyly in children inhibits the overall development of the child.

Due to the limitation or inability to carry out various movements of the fingers, the mental, speech and mental development of the baby suffers. The underdevelopment of the hand complicates studies and limits the choice of profession.

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis can be made during a visual examination, but research is needed to determine the type and develop a treatment algorithm.

X-ray of hands and feet helps to evaluate joints, bone density, presence and length of bone connection. To determine the subtleties of the structure of the vessels of the connected parts, rheovasography, ultrasound, angiography, electrothermometry.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of syndactyly of the fingers is carried out only by surgery. If syndactyly of the toes is diagnosed, then surgery is not prescribed if the disorder does not interfere with walking.

The timing and appropriate method of the procedure is selected based on the shape and nature of the lesion.

The purpose of the intervention is to eliminate the external defect and restore the work of the hand.

The optimal age for the procedure is 4-5 years. In case of a terminal lesion, an earlier operation is necessary to help prevent unequal growth and secondary change in the fingers.

Treatment approaches are divided into groups:

After the operation, to immobilize the fingers, a plaster is applied to the limb for 4 months.

14 days after the intervention, treatment starts, consisting of massage, exercise therapy, ultraphonophoresis, mud and ozocerite applications.

Prognosis and complications

The applied methods of treatment give positive results. With a timely operation, the structure and work of the hand is restored.

The indicators of the effectiveness of treatment are the absence of deformation and tightening scars, the full range of motion in the interphalangeal joints, and good sensitivity of the fingers.

If treatment is not carried out, the deviation negatively affects the growth and development of the limb.

- a congenital malformation of the limbs, consisting in the incomplete or complete fusion of two or more fingers / toes. With syndactyly, fusion of both correctly developed and underdeveloped and deformed fingers can be observed; the consequence of syndactyly is a cosmetic and functional defect of the limb. A child with syndactyly should be consulted by an orthopedic surgeon and a geneticist; to establish the type of syndactyly, an x-ray of the hand or foot is necessary. Treatment of syndactyly is surgical: separation of fused fingers, if necessary, supplemented by plastic closure of the defect.

Causes of syndactyly

The presence of syndactyly in a child may be due to a hereditary factor. In this case, an autosomal dominant type of inheritance takes place, and syndactyly is familial. Over 20% of complex forms of syndactyly have a hereditary form.

In the absence of a family history of syndactyly, one should think about a violation of the formation and differentiation of the limbs of the fetus during embryogenesis under the influence of various unfavorable factors. The laying of the brush occurs at 4-5 weeks of fetal development; at this time, the fetus is characterized by physiological syndactyly. With normal development, at 7-8 weeks, the fingers of the hand are formed due to the rapid growth of the finger rays and the slowing of the growth of the interdigital spaces. In case of violation of the reduction of the interdigital septa, the fingers do not separate, i.e., syndactyly develops.

Factors that disrupt the process of normal development of the limbs of the fetus can be toxic effects on the body of a pregnant woman (medication, alcohol, occupational hazards, unfavorable environment, etc.), x-ray exposure, infectious diseases during pregnancy (influenza, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc.). Often, the reasons for the birth of a child with syndactyly remain unclear.

Syndactyly is a common defect that is part of the structure of gene syndromes (Smith-Lemli-Opitz, Aper, cryptophthalmia) and chromosomal syndromes ("cat's cry", Edwards, etc.).

Less common in children is acquired syndactyly, which occurs after thermal and chemical burns of the hand.

Syndactyly classification

Treatment of syndactyly

Treatment of all forms of syndactyly of the fingers is carried out only surgically. For toe syndactyly, surgery is usually not indicated unless the anomaly interferes with normal walking.

The timing and optimal method of surgical intervention are determined taking into account the shape and nature of the deformity. The goal of surgery for syndactyly is to eliminate the cosmetic defect and improve hand function. The optimal period for the operation is the age of 4-5 years. With terminal syndactyly, earlier intervention in the second half of life is advisable to prevent uneven growth of the phalanges and secondary deformity of the fingers.

All surgical approaches to the treatment of syndactyly are divided into 5 groups:

dissection of the membranous fusion without skin grafting;

Syndactyly prognosis

Syndactyly treatment methods used in hand surgery provide good functional and cosmetic results. In the case of timely surgical intervention, the normal anatomical structure and full function of the hand are completely restored.

The criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment of syndactyly are: the absence of lateral deformity and tightening scars of the fingers, the full range of active movements in the interphalangeal joints (abduction, adduction, flexion, extension) and grasping function of the hand, good sensitivity of the fingers, the natural shape of the interdigital spaces.

If left untreated, syndactyly has a negative impact on the growth and development of a child's limb.