Comparison of Oblomov and Stolz table social status. The education of Oblomov and Stolz

The brilliant novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov introduces us to two diametrically opposed images: their characterization can take pages and pages. After all, they are completely different: in their temperament, in their attitude to life and worldview. Goncharov wrote it for ten years! What do you think, dear readers, would the academician Petersburg Academy literature for a whole decade, writing a novel in the form of a "single-layer" pie? What an easier task for a Corresponding Member to make up a story about two friends! One is lazy beyond measure. The other is amazingly efficient. An no. A novel has been written about all of us! And this is what we will try to prove. Oblomov and Stolz will help us in this study.

The image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

The landowner Oblomov outwardly is a plump, flabby man with dark gray eyes, who prefers a passive lifestyle, lying on the couch, doing nothing. In all his appearance, carelessness is visible, but his face is spiritualized. And the thought is constantly present in him, it shines in the eyes, hides in the wrinkles of the forehead, bends along with the lips. However, this idea is "toothless", it has no practical application. Comparative and Stolz - clearly not in favor of Ilya Ilyich. He is a hereditary landowner. He has 350 souls of serfs. A good, solid mansion in St. Petersburg, a dacha, country house. Oblomov has no idea how to take care of all this property that he owns. He is like a child, he is first robbed by a clerk, and then swindlers Mikhei Andreevich Tarantiev and Ivan Matveevich Mukhoyarov bring him to ruin.

He is educated but has no practical experience work. Under the influence of the first failures in the service, he developed a psychological "sloth complex", which Ilya Ilyich cannot overcome.

The image of Andrei Stolz

According to the plot of the novel, they are familiar and friendly from school: Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics indicate the proximity of their caste origin. Andrei Stoltz was born into the family of a German clerk Ivan Bogdanovich and a simple but educated Russian woman. The ratio of his status to the status of a friend-landowner is similar to the relationship between a business owner and a top manager. From childhood, his father, by regular classes in the sciences, as well as accounting, brought up industriousness in him. Andrei is a lean man with sunken cheeks, swarthy skin and greenish expressive eyes. He is hyperactive: constantly, like a shark, is in motion. The writer speaks of his hero as if he consisted of nothing but muscles and tendons. He knows languages, is quick-witted, which is why it is he who is sent by the trading company-employer as an agent to Belgium. In addition, Stoltz is able to use his knowledge creatively. Therefore, colleagues prefer to invite him to develop projects. Oblomov and Stolz treat money differently. Comparative characteristics indicate the prudence of the latter.

Secret subtext of Goncharov's images?

The fact that, by and large, the images of Stolz and Oblomov are not independent, but allegorical, the author of the novel shows in their relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. On the one hand, she can neither win nor hold, but the spineless Ilya Ilyich invariably attracts with his romanticism, pure childlike soul. On the other hand, Stolz, who became her husband, pathologically does not feel the difference between business cooperation and sincerity. On a romantic honeymoon trip to Paris, he is, to put it mildly, unconvincing.

Why did Goncharov create these two images: Oblomov and Stolz? Comparative characteristics of these images - just an instructive conclusion? Contrasting characters? Or maybe we need to look at it more broadly? After all, each of us, of course, knows how much "Stolz" is in him and how much "Oblomov" is in him. What is Oblomov? This is a dream that does not touch the ground with its feet. The dream is global, devoid of any desire for realization. What is a Stolz? This is earthiness, business acumen, a sense of partnership. So let's ask ourselves the question: "If you create something global, is it possible to discount the dream in principle?" (As you know, Stoltz avoided dreaming.) Hardly.

And you, dear readers, would you agree with the following conclusion? To create a truly successful person who promotes fantastic projects, you need to mix in one glass 30% of the dreamer-Oblomov and 70% of the fanatic of Stolz's work. Isn't that what Goncharov wanted to tell us about? After all, in the Stoltsov family appeared Foster-son. Of course, a proper education will bring up business acumen in him. But what about the ability to dream? Genes after all, you know...

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

He came from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. Serfs worked for his parents. They raised Oblomov to peace and idleness (they didn’t let him pour himself plain water, dress or pick up a dropped thing), the family had a cult of food, and after that - a sound sleep.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Lazy, worried about his own peace, kind, loves good food, spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable bathrobe. Does nothing and doesn't care much for anything. He likes to withdraw into himself and live in his created world of dreams and dreams. Has an amazingly pure childlike soul. Needs to maternal love(which Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz

He came from a poor family: his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman, and his father was the manager of a rich estate. Stolz was raised by his father, he gave him all the knowledge that he received from his father: he forced him to work early, taught him all the practical sciences, his father said that the most important thing in life is rigor, accuracy and money.

Stolz characteristic

He was strong and smart. Works hard, has great patience and willpower. became rich and very famous person. He was able to form a real "iron" character. He needed a woman of equal strength and views (Olga Ilyinskaya).

V. G. Belinsky said that it is upbringing that decides the fate of each person. This can be fully attributed to Oblomov Ilya Ilyich and Stolz Andrey Ivanovich - the two main characters of the novel "Oblomov" by I. A. Goncharov. These people, it would seem, come from the same environment, class, time. Therefore, they must have the same aspirations, worldviews. Why, then, when reading the work, we notice in Stolz and Oblomov mainly differences, and not similarities? In order to answer this question, one should turn to the origins that shaped the characters of the two characters we are interested in. You will see that the upbringing of Stolz and Oblomov had its own characteristics that influenced their entire future lives.

Oblomov's dream

The first chapter of the work is devoted to Ilyusha's childhood. Goncharov himself called it "the overture of the whole novel." From this chapter, we will learn in general terms about what constituted the upbringing of Oblomov. It is not by chance that quotes from it are often cited as proof that Ilya's life simply could not have turned out differently. In the first chapter of the work, one can find the key to the nature of the title character, an inactive, lazy, apathetic person who is used to subsist at the expense of the labor of his serfs.

As soon as Ilya Ilyich dozed off, he began to dream the same dream: the affectionate hands of his mother, her gentle voice, the hugs of friends and relatives ... Each time Oblomov returned to his childhood in a dream, when he was loved by everyone and absolutely happy. He seemed to be running into childhood memories from real life. Under what conditions was his personality formed, how was Oblomov's upbringing?

The atmosphere that prevailed in Oblomovka

Ilyusha spent his childhood in Oblomovka, in his native village. His parents were nobles, and life in the village went according to special laws. The village was dominated by the cult of doing nothing, sleeping, eating, and undisturbed peace. True, sometimes the quiet course of life was nevertheless disturbed by quarrels, losses, illnesses and labor, which was considered a punishment for the inhabitants of the village, from which they sought to get rid of at the first opportunity. Let's talk about what kind of upbringing Oblomov received. You probably already have some idea about it based on what was said above.

How were Ilyusha's aspirations suppressed?

It was expressed mainly in prohibitions. Ilyusha, a mobile, dexterous child, was forbidden to do any housework (there are servants for this). In addition, his aspirations for independence were each time stopped by the cries of the nanny and parents, who did not allow the boy to take a step without supervision, as they were afraid that he would catch a cold or hurt himself. Interest in the world, activity - all this in Ilyusha's childhood was condemned by adults who did not allow him to frolic, jump, run on the street. But this is necessary for any child for the development, knowledge of life. Oblomov's improper upbringing led to the fact that Ilyusha's forces, seeking manifestations, turned inward and, fading, nicked. Instead of activity, he was instilled with a love for a good afternoon nap. In the novel, he is described as a "true likeness of death," replacing Oblomov's upbringing. Quotations from the text, no less vivid, can be found dedicated to good food, the cult of which has become practically the only occupation in the village.

Influence of the nanny's tales

In addition, the ideal of inaction was constantly reinforced by the nanny's tales about "Emel the Fool", who received various gifts from the magic pike, while doing nothing. Ilyich will later be sad, lying on his sofa, and ask himself: "Why is life not a fairy tale?"

Everyone calls Ilya Ilyich a dreamer. But after all, Oblomov’s upbringing with endless tales of a nurse about firebirds, sorcerers, heroes, Militris Kirbityevna, could not but sow in his soul hope for the best, the belief that problems would somehow be resolved by themselves? In addition, these tales gave the hero a fear of life. Oblomov's lazy childhood and upbringing led to the fact that Ilya Ilyich tried in vain to hide from reality in his apartment, located on Gorokhovaya Street, and then on the Vyborg side.

The attitude of Ilyusha's parents to education

Parents tried not to burden Ilyusha with education, believing that studying is not worth missing holidays and losing health. Therefore, they used every opportunity to keep their child out of school. Ilyusha himself soon realized that he liked such a sluggish and measured existence. Oblomov's childhood and upbringing did their job. Habit, as they say, is second nature. And the adult Ilya Ilyich was completely satisfied with the situation in which the servants do everything for him, and he has nothing left to worry about and worry about. So the hero's childhood imperceptibly flowed into adulthood.

Ilya Ilyich's adult life

Little has changed in her. The whole existence of Oblomov in his own eyes was still divided into 2 halves. The first is work and boredom (these concepts were synonymous with him), and the second is peaceful fun and peace. Zakhar changed his nanny, and Vyborgskaya Street in the city of St. Petersburg - Oblomovka. Ilya Ilyich was so afraid of any activity, he was so frightened by any changes in his life that even the dream of love was not able to bring this hero out of apathy.

That is why he arranged living together with a good mistress Pshenitsyna, since she became nothing more than a continuation of life in the village of Oblomovka.

Andrey Stolz's parents

The complete opposite of Ilya Ilyich is Andrei Ivanovich. Stolz's upbringing took place in a poor family. Andrei's mother was a Russian noblewoman, and his father was a Russified German. Each of them contributed to the upbringing of Stolz.

Father's influence

Stolz Ivan Bogdanovich, Andrey's father, taught his son German, practical sciences. Andrei began to work early - to help Ivan Bogdanovich, who was demanding with him and strict in a burgher style. Stolz's upbringing in the novel "Oblomov" contributed to the fact that pragmatism and a serious outlook on life developed in him at a young age. For him, everyday work became a necessity, which Andrei considered an integral part of his life.

Mother's influence

Andrei's mother also made her contribution to the upbringing of Stolz in the novel Oblomov. She looked at her husband's methods with concern. This woman wanted to make Andrei a sweet and clean boy-master, one of those whom she had seen when she worked as a governess in rich Russian families. Her soul languished when Andryusha returned after a fight, all tattered or dirty after the field or factory, where he went with his father. And she began to cut his nails, sew elegant shirt-fronts and collars, curl his curls, order clothes in the city. Stolz's mother taught him to listen to the sounds of Hertz. She sang to him about flowers, whispered about the calling of a writer, then a warrior, dreamed of a high role that falls to the lot of other people. Andrei's mother in many ways wanted her son to be like Oblomov, and therefore, with pleasure, she often let him go to Sosnovka.

So, you see that, on the one hand, Andrey's upbringing was based on practicality, his father's efficiency, and on the other, his mother's daydreaming. In addition, there was Oblomovka nearby, in which there is an "eternal holiday", where work is sold from the shoulders, like a yoke. All this influenced Stolz.

Parting with home

Of course, Andrei's father loved him in his own way, but he did not consider it necessary to show his feelings. The scene of Stolz's farewell to his father is poignant to tears. Even at that moment Ivan Bogdanovich could not find kind words. Andrei, swallowing tears of resentment, sets off. It seems that at this moment Stolz, despite the efforts of his mother, leaves no room in his soul for "empty dreams". He takes with him independent life only what, in his opinion, was necessary: ​​purposefulness, practicality, prudence. In distant childhood, everything else remained, along with the image of the mother.

Life in Petersburg

After graduating from the university, he goes to St. Petersburg, where he takes on business (sends goods abroad), travels around the world, leads active life and everything succeeds. Despite the fact that he was the same age as Oblomov, this hero managed to achieve much more in life. He made money and a house. Energy and activity contributed successful career this hero. He achieved heights that he could not even dream of. Stolz managed to properly manage his life and the abilities inherent in him by nature.

Everything was in moderation in his life: both joys and sorrows. Andrew prefers the direct route, which answers his simple glance for life. He was not disturbed by dreams or imagination - he simply did not allow them into his life. This hero did not like to speculate, he always retained self-esteem in his behavior, as well as a sober, calm look at people and things. Andrei Ivanovich considered passions to be a destructive force. His life was like a "slow and steady burning of a fire."

Stolz and Oblomov - two different fates

The upbringing of Stolz and Oblomov, as you can see, was significantly different, although both of them came from a noble environment and belonged to the same stratum of society. Andrey and Ilya are people from different worldviews and characters, so the fates were so dissimilar. The upbringings of Oblomov and Stolz were very different. The comparison allows us to notice that this fact greatly influenced the adult life of these heroes. Active Andrey tried to last day"carry the vessel of life" and not spill a single drop in vain. And the apathetic and soft Ilya was too lazy to even just get up from the sofa and leave his room so that the servants would clean it up. Olga Oblomova once asked Ilya in anguish about what had ruined him. To this he replied: "Oblomovism." N. A. Dobrolyubov, a well-known critic, also believed that "Oblomovism" was the fault of all the troubles of Ilya Ilyich. This is the environment in which the main character was forced to grow up.

The role of education in shaping a person's personality

In the novel, "Oblomov" was not accidentally accented by the author. As you can see, the way of life, worldview, character of each person are formed in childhood. The environment in which personality development takes place, teachers, parents - all this greatly influences the formation of character. If a child is not accustomed to work and independence from childhood, if one does not show him by his own example that something useful should be done every day and that time should not be wasted, then one should not be surprised that he will grow up a weak-willed and lazy person, similar to Ilya Ilyich from the work of Goncharov.

I.A. Goncharov in his novel touches upon very hot topic the opposition of labor and laziness, which for centuries has remained the most discussed and debatable. In our time, this topic is very problematic, since in our modern society technology is progressing and people stop working, laziness grows into the meaning of life.

The heroes of the novel Oblomov and Stolz are friends with early childhood. Their acquaintance takes place while studying at the house of Stolz's father, who taught the basics of the most important sciences.

Ilya Oblomov is a native and noble family, from early childhood, little Ilya is groomed and cherished. Parents and nannies forbid him to show any independent activity. Ilyusha, seeing such an attitude towards himself, immediately realized that he could do nothing, since other people would do it all for him. His training took place in the house of Stolz, he did not particularly want to study, and his parents indulged him in this. So passed the whole youth of Oblomov. Adult life was no different from childhood and youth, Oblomov continues to lead a calm and lazy lifestyle. His passivity and idleness are reflected in Everyday life. He woke up for dinner, slowly climbed out of bed, lazily took food and was not interested in any business. Laziness, laid down since childhood, did not give Oblomov the slightest chance of striving for science, for knowledge of the world around him. Despite all this, his imagination was very well developed, because due to idleness, Oblomov's imaginary world was very rich. Oblomov was also a very gullible person, and the main person whom Ilya trusted was Andrei Stoltz. Shtolts is the complete antipode of Oblomov. From early childhood Andrei was accustomed to order, to work. His parents brought him up strictly but fairly. His father, who was German by nationality, instilled in Andrei accuracy, diligence and punctuality. WITH young years Andrei carried out various assignments from his father, tempering his character. He studied with Ilya, with his father, unlike Oblomov, Andrei was good at science, and he studied them with curiosity. Stolz's transition from childhood to adulthood happened very early, so Andrei was a very active person. He strove for constant replenishment of knowledge, because “learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. He had a sober and practical view of events, he never did anything hastily without thinking this issue which he needed to solve. The prudence and punctuality laid down from childhood found a place for themselves in adulthood Stolz. Mobility and vigor contributed to him in any undertakings. Considering the life positions of Oblomov and Stolz in relation to Olga Ilyinskaya, the following conclusions can be drawn: Oblomov, living in his own world - “Oblomovshchina”, was a romantic who decided for a long time to take concrete steps in real life. Their acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya is due to Stolz. Their relationship was not strong from the very beginning. Olga, knowing a lot about Oblomov from Stolz's stories, tries to bring Oblomov back to life by means of her love, but she fails to do this and Oblomovshchina wins. The relationship between Olga and Andrey develops by itself throughout life, "she laughs at his jokes, and he listens to her singing with pleasure." They had a lot in common, but the most important thing was that they strove for life, and this contributed to their rapprochement and the formation of a family.

Be that as it may, the fates of both heroes are relatively successful. Stolz finds his happiness with Olga, and Oblomov finds his Oblomovka in a house on the Vyborg side and lives out his life there with the woman he has always dreamed of. Such a denouement shows that the author's position in relation to both of his characters is positive.

After reading the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", I tend to think that the events described in this work can be applied to our time, since in modern society there are many people like Stolz and Oblomov. And their opposition will be eternal.