Project on the theme of art in society. What is the role of art in modern society

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Art is a special meaningful kind of consciousness of society, it is artistic content, and not scientific or philosophical. great writer LN Tolstoy, for example, said that art is a means of exchanging feelings. Today, no one can accurately answer the question of why a person needs art. Some say that art exists to decorate life, while others argue that art is needed so that a person can express his feelings.

Here one could quote the words of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, discussing the tasks facing Soviet artists, he said that: Art is basically folk. “Art belongs to the people. And it must be rooted in the thickness of the working masses. It must be understood by these masses and loved by them. It should awaken the artists in them and develop their talent.”

Of course, art occupies a special place among many other aesthetic values, and undoubtedly plays a colossal role in the development of society. It sticks before people in the form huge amount works of art created by painters, sculptors, writers, musicians. But if suddenly the beauty of things created by man disappears over time, then art in this respect is stable, or other works of art are preserved by society, and therefore they are perceived by people, have an impact on them.

The place of art among many other aesthetic values is determined by the fact that it carries a reflection of both existing and long-vanished things and preserves their images for the new society.

Why is art preserved by people? First of all, because it has a comprehensive impact on a person and society, it is an important means of education, the formation of a comprehensively developed and harmonious personality.

It should be noted that art has a cognitive function - it clearly shows a person the phenomena of nature, the types of activities of people, social relations, spiritual values with which a person does not always meet in his practice. Art gives a person art picture world, which is part of overall picture of the world and, along with ideological views, constitutes the worldview of a person. Hence, art contributes to the development value orientation a person to life, understanding the meaning of life. That is why the works of great artists are called the encyclopedia of life. In this regard, art is used in the process of education, training.

Art also has an ideological function - it influences the emergence of class interests in people, worldview, familiarization with the ideology of a certain class.

Art participates in the formation of all social feelings of people (moral, political, religious, etc.), in general, social psychology, that is, it performs an educational function, acts as an important means of education. In addition, it contributes to the self-awareness of a person.

Another of its functions is broadcasting in time and space. The transmission of this or that experience is carried out in order for a person to turn to the depths of his understanding of the world. By comparing your values and values previous generations, another person, other cultures. However, the most important thing is for a person to learn to build his life strategy, taking into account the experience of his ancestors, the experience of other cultures and his contemporaries.

Art is one of those social forces that participates in the interaction of social phenomena and has a huge impact on the development of society. In the unity of all its aspects, art acts as a powerful means of education, which, due to its accessibility, accuracy, visibility, has enormous power to influence the minds and hearts of people.

First of all, art forms human feelings. Then a person turns to the knowledge of the foundations of ideals. So, the development of his intellect begins. Seeing that what is due and what is around do not coincide, a person begins to bring his idea of what is due to life, or else he takes what exists for granted. Thus begins the formation of his will. Thus, art contributes to the socialization of man. It introduces him into culture, awakening the will to actively creative transformation of the existing order.

There is one more function, which is called communicative. It lies in the fact that it expands the social experience of people - their interaction between each other, nature and society, which is almost always limited, for example, by space and time, communication at work and at home. By means of art, a person joins the historical practice of society, communicates with nature and people of various countries, eras, peoples ... And practice is the basis of human knowledge of the world. This connection of a person with social practice contributes to a more complete formation of the spiritual world of a person, a more complete knowledge of a person and society.

Any form of social consciousness, including art, is connected with reality through its specific functions.

Based on all this, one can say from oneself that a person would be almost completely different. If the world did not know what art is. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, to look beyond the ordinary, to feel a little sharper.

After all, if you take and draw a parallel between human life, starting from his very birth and ending with death. You can clearly see that art accompanies him almost everywhere and everywhere throughout his life. And it's a pity that modern technologies distract the youth of today from the beautiful world of art. Agree, it's wonderful to see the world differently than everyone else sees it.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to sum up the results of my work. And I was surprised at how huge the role of art in our lives. Of course, I knew that art still plays some role in our life, but I did not know that it was so important. From this work, I scouted for myself a lot of interesting and at the same time useful. It was interesting for me to study, search and read various articles and books on the subject. And it became clear that art nevertheless displays figurative as real. main goal which is the introduction of a person to the beautiful, interesting, sensual and beautiful, in some cases even to the inexplicable and contradictory. And it's very interesting.

Art, as already mentioned, has a special and very important role in our life. After all, it is she who makes us think about important issues and things that happen around us, it excites our consciousness and does not leave us indifferent. It can inspire or make us gather our courage, even when we are spiritually and morally broken. Art can sometimes be the only means that can inspire us to a feat or support us in a difficult situation.

I really enjoyed discussing and analyzing issues on this topic. After all, this question is quite relevant today. Especially in today's dynamic reality, when the world is changing so fast. This pace of life change often leads to the escalation of conflicts among the most different levels. Therefore, studies of the processes of development of culture in various social strata make it possible to resolve and remove the conflict in a timely manner and to model the socio-cultural situation for the coming years.

As for the material, while working on this topic, I visited several times city library, and it turned out that it is still quite small. But what I found helped me a lot. Very interesting books and articles. I especially liked one Scientific and methodical magazine”, the author of which is V.G. Goretsky. It describes the problems of modern humanity, and of course the topic is also touched upon - the role and place of art in modern society. And I would like that more magazines with similar articles were published in the world. So that people know what is happening in a particular area and what can be done to improve it.

I am very satisfied with the work I have done. And I think that I managed to solve this issue.

Art is one of the forms of social consciousness. At the heart of art lies the artistic and figurative reflection of reality. Art cognizes and evaluates the world, forms the spiritual image of people, their feelings and thoughts, their worldview, educates a person, broadens his horizons, awakens creative abilities. Art is basically folk art. “Art belongs to the people. It must go away deepest roots in the midst of the broad masses. It must be understood by these masses and loved by them. It must unite the feeling, thought and will of these masses, raise them. It should awaken the artists in them and develop them.”
The cognitive role of art brings it closer to science. The artist, like the scientist, strives to understand the meaning of life phenomena, to see in the random, transient the most characteristic and typical patterns in the development of reality. A deep knowledge of reality is ultimately associated with the desire to transform and improve it. A person masters the forces of nature, learns the laws of development of society in order to change the world in accordance with the needs and goals that the collective, society sets for itself.
Unlike science, art expresses truth not in abstract terms, but in full of life specific images. The typical in life is embodied in works of art, in unique, individually characteristic forms.
The purpose of art is to reveal their true essence in the phenomena of the surrounding life, to clearly show in impressive images the most important thing for a person and society. One of the main artistic techniques is the generalization of the image, its typification. It allows you to vividly show the beautiful in life, to expose the ugly, evil. Sentencing the ugly aspects of life, art calls for a passionate hatred and fight against them. Embodying the ideal of beauty, art inspires to exploits, to fight for the bright future of mankind. The most important point in the aesthetic assessment of reality is the negative, hostile attitude of the advanced artist to everything reactionary as ugly and the assessment of the progressive as beautiful in its essence.
The active, mobilizing role of art has especially increased in our era - the era of the struggle between two social systems: socialist and capitalist. In our country, art is one of the most powerful means of communist education, of the struggle against the survivals of capitalism in the minds and feelings of people.
Art cannot be understood outside of its relationship with other phenomena. public life, with other forms of ideology, regardless of its economic foundations community development.
The art of each era is inextricably linked with national culture and historical conditions, with the class struggle, with the level of the spiritual life of society.
Living in a class society, the artist naturally acts as a representative of a certain social class. The reflection of the real world, the selection of certain phenomena of reality for artistic reproduction is determined by its social views, is carried out from the point of view of certain class ideals and aspirations.
In a class society, the impact of reactionary ideas leaves an imprint of limitations on the work of artists. The artist's expression of the true interests of the working classes expands his creative horizons and his ability to aesthetically embody in the images of art the progressive aspirations of society as a whole.
The history of art is a complex, contradictory picture of the development various schools, styles, currents that are in interaction, struggle. In his work, the artist proceeds not only from direct impressions, observations and study of nature, but also from the experience accumulated by art throughout the history of mankind, from the traditions national schools, sometimes relying on them, sometimes opposing them with his new understanding of the phenomena of reality.
The level of development of art, the achievement of a high aesthetic value by it, emphasizes that it is not in direct correspondence with the growth of productive forces. The progress of the productive forces in an antagonistic society is accompanied by the growth of exploitation, which disfigures man and human relations, fetters the development of the creative abilities of the working masses, and implants illusions in their minds. The emergence and flourishing of certain types of art are possible only in the early stages of artistic development and are unique in a class society in the future.
The progress of art is stronger and more vividly manifested in the humanistic and realistic tendencies and conquests of each era. Realism is an artistic method that best meets the cognitive nature of art. But a true reflection of reality cannot be reduced to copying reality. Genuine realism is characterized by the desire to embody in brightly individual images the typical, natural in life. The lack of harmonic unity of generalization and individualization of the artistic image leads either to schematism, depriving piece of art life force persuasiveness, or to depict random, petty aspects of reality. "... Realism presupposes, in addition to the veracity of details, the truthful reproduction of typical characters in typical circumstances ... that surround them and force them to act ..."
Realism in art is a historical concept. It acquires a different content and form depending on certain historical conditions of this epoch, passing through a series of qualitatively peculiar stages of its development. These steps are defined as a change in the very subject of the image - new public relations, a new way of life - and the embodiment of a new level of social consciousness, the difference in the nature of ideas about life.
At the early stages of social development, a true reflection of life in art is formed spontaneously and for the most part clothed in fantastic mythological forms (art ancient world and the Middle Ages). The conscious aspiration to cognize the world, its laws, the addition of realism as a programmatically conscious method in art dates back to the Renaissance, when art, like science, freeing itself from the captivity of church scholasticism, seizes a true reflection of the image of a person, his worldview and social relations.
Democratic realism of the 19th century. develops in a capitalist society. He is finally freed from connection with mythology, from religious forms of perception of the world, and with the deepening of the method, it acquires a purposeful character. This is basically critical realism, exposing and criticizing the vices of capitalist society, affirming democratic humanistic ideals. critical realism with its conscious ideological program, it is the spokesman for the militant democratic culture with its people's national character.
The revolutionary proletariat is building a classless society that provides comprehensive development creative abilities of a person freed from all forms of social slavery. After the victory of socialism, socialist realism emerges as the leading art, as an integral method and direction. He continues the development of the realistic achievements of previous historical epochs, critically reworking everything of value created by mankind. At the same time, socialist realism is a new, higher form of realistic art, the most consistent and complete artistic reflection and evaluation of reality in its development and change.
The art of socialist realism faithfully captures the way of life and vividly embodies the world of ethical and aesthetic feelings, thoughts and ideas of the socialist collective. It educates the people in the spirit of socialism and communism. “Our realism is purely dynamic... The socialist realist understands reality as development, as movement going on in a continuous struggle of opposites... He defines himself as an expression of the historical process, on the one hand, and on the other hand, as an active force that determines is the course of this process,” A. V. Lunacharsky emphasized, “but he (realism. - Ed.) surrenders to the struggle through and through, he is a builder through and through, he is confident in the communist future of mankind, he believes in the strength of the proletariat, its party and its leaders, he understands the great significance of that first major battle and that first act of world socialist construction that is taking place in our country.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Altai Territory
KGBPOU "Altai Academy of Hospitality"
__________________________________________________________________
Head of the PCC
Social and humanitarian disciplines
S.V. Shcherbakova
_______________
(signature)
"___" __________ 20__
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
Project theme: "The role of art in modern society"
Discipline Social Studies
Completed:

_____________
(Signature) (IO Surname)
D. D. Mudruk
specialties: 43.02.02
hairdressing art

groups: Pr1711
Project manager: _____________ E. O. Legkaya

(Signature) (IO Surname)
The work is protected: "___" ___________ 20___ __________________

(Grade)

Barnaul 2017

INTRODUCTION
The relevance of research
One of the main tasks of our society facing the system
modern education,
is the formation of a culture of personality.
The relevance of this task is associated with the revision of the system of life and
artistic values. Formation of the culture of the younger
generation is impossible without referring to the artistic values of the accumulated
society during its existence. Thus it becomes obvious
the need to study the foundations of art history.
The theme of art, its purpose and significance is one of the most
topical issues for human society. Nowadays, few people think
over its deeper meaning. In our age of rapid development of art, it would seem that
it's hard to be surprised by something new. And the new every day inexorably and noisily invades
into our life. Nevertheless, many people misunderstand the role of art in
our lives and society as a whole, so what is art? And why is it so
important to us?
The purpose of this study is to understand what is
art, what does it mean for us, what is its meaning, how does it manifest itself, and is
whether it is useful. Achievement of the set goal is ensured by the decision
the following tasks:
Study, analyze and systematize information sources
on the topic of art and everything related to it;
Consider its variety (manifestation);
Conduct a sociological survey on the topic.
The object of research is art and everything related to it.
The subject of the study is the significance, application, use
art and aesthetics in modern society.
Research methods: theoretical - literature study, Internet
resources relevant to the topic; practical - the study of public opinion,
analysis of statistical data.

Theoretical part

A person with a secondary education and even an artist who did not work
specifically aesthetics, will answer this question like this; "Art is an activity,
that shows beauty"
For the average person, it seems clear and understandable that
art is a manifestation of beauty, and beauty explains all questions for it
art. Then what is beauty, which, in his opinion, constitutes the term
art? By the word "beauty" we mean only what pleases our
vision. Which is aesthetically pleasing to us. In order to better understand the stereotype about
beauty, I will give a number of quotes from European philosophers:
 According to Mendelssohn (1729–1786):
Bringing the beautiful, cognizable by a vague feeling, to the true and
good. The goal of art is perfection.
 According to Winckelmann (1717–1767):
Beauty, on the other hand, is of three kinds: 1) the beauty of forms, 2) the beauty of the idea, and 3) the beauty of
expression, which is possible only in the presence of the first two conditions; this
beauty of expression is the highest goal of art, which is realized in ancient times.
art, as a result of which modern art should strive to
imitation of the ancient
 According to Gomu (1696–1782)
Beauty is that which is pleasant. And because beauty is determined only by taste.
 According to Bath (1713–1780):
Art consists in imitating the beauty of nature and its purpose is pleasure.
 According to Gemsterhuis (1720–1790):
Beauty is that which gives the greatest pleasure, and
the greatest pleasure is that which gives us the greatest number of ideas in the shortest
time.
1
Source: L.N. Tolstoy Collected works in 22 volumes - M .: Fiction, 1983. - T. 15.
L.N. Tolstoy "On Art". Date of creation: 1889, published: "Tolstoy about Tolstoy", No. 3. M., 1927, p. 24-34.

 According to Bergman:
Beauty cannot be defined objectively: beauty is known subjectively, and
therefore the task of aesthetics is to determine what pleases whom.2
Art is a human activity, consisting in the fact that one person
consciously known external signs conveys to others the feelings he experiences
feelings, and other people become infected with these feelings and experience them "Art
begins when a person, in order to pass on to other people what he has experienced
feeling evokes it by certain outward signs.
For example, if a boy who has experienced fear from meeting a wolf tells
this meeting and, in order to evoke in others the feeling he experienced, depicts
himself, his condition before this meeting, the situation, the forest, his carelessness and
then the look of the wolf, his movements, the distance between him and the wolf, and the like.
All this, if the boy re-experiences the feeling he experienced during the story,
infects listeners and makes them experience everything that he himself experienced - there is
art.
To evoke a familiar feeling in yourself through movements, lines, colors, sounds,
images, expressed in words, to convey this feeling so that others experience that
the same, infected with the same feeling, this is the task of art.
Today, few people think about the purpose of art.
Someone, having heard the word "art", imagines pictures, someone
cooking, sports, music, dance, sculpture. I think art also
is the understanding of works, no matter what: culinary or literary,
musical or visual, theatrical or cinematographic.
Being "inside the work" is like a real magic for me.
For example, when reading a book, you involuntarily become the hero of the work and try to
understand the characters. I think when listening to music, a person needs to move away from
their problems and responsibilities. His soul must rest. And looking at the pictures
each person thinks of himself. For example, when we see a still life, we can
see the juiciness and ripeness of fruits, feel the taste of milk poured into a glass of
earthenware jug and feel the wonderful smell of lilac depicted in the picture.
Someone remembers the village where he spent his entire childhood. I think it
2
http://www.petrick.ru/chtotakoeiskusstvo, free 12/18/2017.
L.N. Tolstoy "What is art?". – [Electronic resource]: Access mode:

really possible if the picture is really good, if the author has invested in
her a piece of his soul and conveyed maximum emotions.
The educational function of art stems from its humanistic nature.
The main subject of the study of art is man. Art is being created
man and for man. Perceiving art, he focuses on
certain value, moral and worldview ideals. Art is not
may not affect the human world and be neutral in relation to it.
hence its educational function. Art influences
our way of life, ideals, values, structure of feelings and thoughts. There are three
features of the educational impact of art on a person:
1. Unlike other forms of consciousness and social life, art
affects a person in a complex way. It can evoke a wave of feelings, create
a special logic of thoughts, to affect our whole being with its influence.
2. Art is able to educate without educating. works of art
always perceived subjectively, personally. Influenced by art and
orients in a person's life as if gradually, imperceptibly. After all, no one from the screen
movie theater or from the pages of a book does not say: do this, do not do that, go there, be friends with
that, love that. A person comes to his own educational attitudes
without moralizing and didacticism. Just as a person learns to walk, talk, he
teaches and nurtures love, goodness, truth in oneself, assimilating the experience of art.
3. Art has an emotionally cathartic nature. Aristotle introduced into
aesthetics the concept of catharsis, understanding by it the purification through "similar
affects" or feelings. Empathizing with art through catharsis, people
achieve an aesthetic reaction ambivalent to a work of art, and, as it were,
purify their own world "by way of compassion and fear". By way of a cathartic
Tragedy and vulgarity can be experienced. The strongest forms
cathartic affect are ecstasy and shock. Most often they are associated with
perception of postmodern art. Not only personal
but also public importance and the impact of art is revealed in its
cathartic nature.
So the sounds of a small melody can color the world with beautiful
paints and not let a person die. Beauty from distant heights when a person
able to catch it and answer it, transforms the meaning of life. So talks and

poetically and aesthetically a writer. And he is right, because, confessing involvement
to beauty, he professes the involvement of man in humanism and culture, which
deeply aesthetic in their anthropological essence.
"Life is short, art is long" - Hippocrates wrote. Main
the purpose of art is to allow a person to know himself. Every
a person must understand and love art, find his own aesthetics. He
will become a full-fledged personality if he opens the world for himself
beautiful.3
There are several functions of art:
aesthetic function allows you to reproduce reality according to the laws
beauty, forms an aesthetic taste;
social function is manifested in the fact that art has an ideological
impact on society, thereby transforming social reality;
compensatory function allows you to restore mental balance,
decide psychological problems, "escape" for a while from the gray everyday life,
compensate for the lack of beauty and harmony in everyday life;
hedonistic function reflects the ability of art to bring
human pleasure;
cognitive function allows you to know reality and
analyze it with artistic images;
predictive function reflects the ability of art to make predictions
and predict the future;
educational function is manifested in the ability of works of art
shape a person's personality.
What is "Art"? Probably the majority will answer: Art is
architecture, painting, music, poetry in all its forms - assuming that the case, oh
what they say is equally perceived by all people. But in architecture
there are simple buildings that do not constitute an object of art, and
buildings that have claims to be art, but are not considered art
3
iptsybulkosbornik/variant10problemapriobshheniyakiskusstvu, free 12/18/2017.
The problem of initiation to art. – [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http://sochinenienatemu.com/ege

his ugliness. So what is the hallmark of an art object? Art is not a skill
this is something all-encompassing, something that is in everything, but you need to be able to see it, you cannot
to say that art is only beauty, art at the same time can be
beautiful, delicious and freezing, terrible, disgusting and
numb, give happiness and plunge into confusion, inspire and stop,
it is the whole world in which we live.
To accurately define art, you have to stop looking at it.
as a means of enjoyment, and consider art as one of the conditions
human life. Considering art in this way, we will see that art is
one of the means of communication between people. Like a word that conveys thoughts and experiences
people, serves as a means of uniting people, so does art.
The peculiarity of this means of communication, which distinguishes it from communication through
words, consists in the fact that with the word one person conveys his thoughts to another,
By art, people communicate their feelings to each other.
Kinds of art:
Art forms are historically formed, forms of creative
activities that have the ability to artistic realization of life
content and differing in the ways of its material embodiment (the word in
literature, sound in music, plastic and color
materials in
fine arts, etc.).
In modern art history literature, a certain pattern has developed
and a system of classification of arts, although there is still no single one and all of them
relative. The most common scheme is to divide it into three
groups
The first includes spatial or plastic arts. For this
group of arts, the essential is the spatial construction in the disclosure
artistic image
art, architecture, photography.
The second group includes temporary or dynamic arts. IN
them key value acquires a composition unfolding in time
Music,
Literature.
Third, they represent spatio-temporal types, which are called

also synthetic or performing arts Choreography, Literature,
Theatrical art, Cinematography. 4
Existence various kinds arts is due to the fact that none of them
by its own means cannot give an artistic comprehensive
picture of the world. Only the entire artistic culture can create such a picture.
humanity as a whole, consisting of individual types of art.
1.
2.
Architecture (architecture) - a monumental art form, the purpose
which is the creation of structures and buildings necessary for life and
activities of mankind, responding to the utilitarian and spiritual needs of people.
Sculpture (modeling) - shaping plastic material
(plasticine, clay, plastic, plastics, etc.) with the help of hands and auxiliary
tools - stacks and the like. One of the basic methods of wide
genre range of easel and decorative applied sculpture. Exists
two main types of sculpture: volumetric three-dimensional (circular) and relief:
high Relief,
bas-relief,
counter relief mortise relief5
3.
Painting
-planar fine arts, specificity
which consists in representing with the help of paints applied on
surface Image Of The Real World,
transformed creative
the artist's imagination. There are several types of painting: 1) Easel -
painted on an easel. 2) Monumental painting is performed
directly on the walls and ceilings of buildings and other structures. In past
painting with water-based paints on damp plaster (fresco) prevailed.
3) Decorative, its main purpose is to decorate buildings or objects, then
is it directly related to architecture or works of applied
art.6 4) Theatrical decorative painting is characterized by sketches
artists who help the viewer to understand the content of the performance, the characters
4
https://www.vigivanie.com/nauka/1935-vidi-iskusstva.html free 12/18/2017.
5
http://open lesson.rf/articles/517176/ free 12/18/2017.
6
18.12.2017.
Types of art - [Electronic resource]: Access mode:
[Electronic resource]: Access mode: http://artseven.ru/Styles/decorative/ free

actors etc. 5) Miniature painting in fine art
painting, sculptural and graphic works of small forms, and
also the art of making them. 6) The main task of the portrait is to convey the idea
about the appearance of a person, to reveal inner world person, emphasize it
individuality, psycho-emotional image. 7) Landscape reproduces
the world around us in all its diversity. Seascape image
defined by the term marinism. 8) - Still life image of household items,
tools, flowers, fruits. Helps to understand the worldview and way of life
certain era. 9) The historical genre tells about historically important
moments of society. 10) The household genre reflects the daily life of people,
temper, customs, traditions of a particular ethnic group. 11) Iconography (translated from
Greek "prayer image") the main goal is to guide a person on the path
transformation. 12) Animalism image of an animal as the main character
artistic work.
4.
Multimedia art - In the XX century. the nature of painting is changing
under the influence of the means of technological progress (the appearance of photos and videos
equipment), which leads to the emergence of new forms of art 7
5.
Decorative and applied arts (DPI, handicrafts) - wide
a branch of fine art that covers various branches
creative activity aimed at creating art products with
utilitarian and artistic functions. The main folk crafts
Russia are:
Woodcarving Bogorodskaya, Abramtsevokudrinskaya;
Painting on wood Khokhloma, Gorodetskaya, PolkhovMaidanskaya,
Mezenskaya;
Decoration of products from birch bark embossing on birch bark, painting;
Artistic processing stone processing of stone hard and soft
breeds;
Bone carving Kholmogory, Tobolsk. Khotkovskaya
Miniature painting on papier-mache Fedoskino miniature, Palekh
miniature, Workshop miniature, Kholuy miniature
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Artistic processing of metal Veliko Ustyug black silver,
Rostov enamel, Zhostovo painting on metal;
Folk ceramics Gzhel ceramics, Skopinsky ceramics, Dymkovskaya
toy, Kargopol toy;
Lace making Vologda lace, Mikhailovsky lace,
Painting on fabric Pavlovsky shawls and shawls
Vladimirskaya embroidery, Color interlace, Gold embroidery.8
6.
Literature - The body of written fiction
works. The main genres of literature are:
Lyric poetry is one of the three main genres of fiction, reflecting
life by depicting a variety of human experiences, feature
lyric poetic form.
Drama is one of the three main genres of fiction, plot
a work written in a colloquial form and without the author's speech.
Epic narrative literature, one of the three main genera
fiction, includes:
epic major work epic genre.
Novella narrative prose (much less often poetic) genre
literature, representing a small narrative form.
Tale (story) literary genre, which differs less
significant volume, fewer figures, vital content and
latitude
Story An epic work of small size that differs from
short stories by greater prevalence and arbitrariness of composition.
A novel is a large narrative work in prose, sometimes in verse.
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Ballad is a lyric-epic poetic plot work written by
stanzas.9
poem plot literary work lyrical character in
verses.
7.
Music - Art in which experiences, feelings and ideas
are expressed by rhythmically and intonationally organized sounds, as well as by themselves
works of this art.
8.
Theater is a spectacular art form that is a synthesis of
various arts of literature, music, choreography, vocals, fine arts
art and others, and having its own specificity: reflection
reality, conflicts, characters, as well as their interpretation and evaluation,
the assertion of certain ideas here occurs through dramatic
action, the main carrier of which is the actor.
The basis of the theater
dramaturgy. The synthetic nature of theatrical art determines its collective
character: the performance combines the creative efforts of the playwright, director,
artist, composer, choreographer, actor
9.
The circus is a spectacular enterprise for organizing performances with
participation of acrobats, gymnasts, clowns, trained animals.
10.
Ballet is a theatrical performance consisting of dances and
mimic movements accompanied by music.
11.
Cinema - Cinema is the art of playing on a screen captured on
film of moving images that give the impression of living reality.
Cinema is an invention of the 20th century. Its appearance is determined by the achievements of science and technology in
fields of optics, electrical and photographic engineering, chemistry, and so on.
Cinema conveys the dynamics of the era; working time as a means
expressiveness, cinema is able to convey the change of various events in their inner
logic. Cinematography is a synthesis of literature, fine arts,
theater and music. Cinema can be divided into scientific documentary and
artistic.
Film genres are also defined:
drama,
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tragedy,
fantasy,
comedy,
historical and so on.
12.
Photo art - art based on photography technologies
creation artistic photography- that is, a photograph reflecting
creative vision of the photographer as an artist. The specificity of photography is
in that it gives a pictorial image of documentary meaning.
Photography gives an artistically expressive and authentic image.
capturing in a frozen image an essential moment of reality.
Life facts in photography are transferred almost without additional processing
from the sphere of reality to the sphere of art.
13.
Bandstand - Musical and dramatic arts associated with
execution small works on an open concert stage.
14.
Graphics - Graphics (translated from Greek "I write, draw") is,
especially drawing and printed works of art (engraving,
lithography).
It is based on the possibilities of creating expressive
artistic form by using lines, strokes and
stains applied to the surface of the sheet.
15.
Choreography is an art form, the material of which is
movements and postures human body, poetically meaningful, organized in
time and space that make up the artistic system. Dance
interacts with music, together with it forming a musical-choreographic
image. In this union, each component depends on the other: the music dictates the dance
own laws and at the same time is influenced by
dance. In some cases, the dance can be performed without music, accompanied by
clapping, tapping with heels, and the like. Dance always, at all times,
was connected with the life and life of people. Therefore, each dance corresponds to the character, spirit of the exhibition (77%), that is, they devote themselves little to art.

CONCLUSION
Maybe this is the problem with the fact that art has become less
required by society? Now there is a lot of information that is available almost
to all people without exception. This accessibility is explained simply - the Internet. With his
help, people can get acquainted with the work of masters of art. This is wrong
well, as it may seem at first glance. Availability is great, but
before, in order to see good performance or picture insert
I had to leave the house, buy tickets, spend time waiting and
specially go to the performance anticipating the event. The same can be said
and about books. Now on the Internet you can download any literature for a few
minutes. People these days don't spend much effort looking for impressions and
the work of thought when meeting with the beautiful.
Culture plays a special role in the improvement of the individual, in the formation
her individual painting peace.

List of supporting literature:
1.
The material is taken from the book of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy "On Art".
Date of creation: 1889, published: "Tolstoy and about Tolstoy", No. 3. M., 1927, p. 24-34.

The question of what role art plays in human life is as old as the first attempts at its theoretical understanding. True, at the very dawn of aesthetic thought, sometimes expressed in mythological form, in fact, there was no question at all. After all, our distant ancestor was sure that to pierce the image of a buffalo with a real or drawn arrow means to ensure a successful hunt, to perform a warlike dance means to defeat your enemies for sure. The question is, what doubts could there be in the practical effectiveness of art, if it was organically woven into the practical life of people, was inseparable from the craft that created the world of objects and things necessary for the existence of people, was associated with magical rites, thanks to which people sought to influence the reality around them? In more late period This question has been raised many times, but the answers to it have not been unambiguous. At present, it has become even more difficult to answer the question about the meaning of art. Today, all scientists are divided into two camps.

Representatives of the first believe that modern society is radically different from all previous forms of human existence. And, as Ortega y Gasset once wrote, "an era without standards arises, which sees nothing exemplary behind it, nothing acceptable to itself. Traces of spiritual tradition have been erased. All examples, models, standards are useless."

Today, in the world of electronic media, communication spaces, amusement parks, where interpersonal communication is replaced and symbolized by goods, the individual experiences a kind of vacuum of subjectivity. He not only does not feel his national identity, but becomes a kind of "hollow" subject, devoid of any stable characteristics and spiritual guidelines.

Scientists testify to the loss of all hope not only for changes in society, but also for its understanding. The main desire is the desire to live the present moment for oneself personally, not for the sake of the glory of the ancestors and not for future generations. "We are losing the sense of historical extension," writes the American philosopher Christopher Lash, "the sense of belonging to generations that, having been born in the past, extend into the future." This defining trend in society he calls "collective narcissism." And since society has no future, it is normal to live in the moment, to fix our attention on our "personal representation". At the same time, the desire for personal survival is the only strategy. This self-centeredness shapes the moral climate of modern society.

Thus, researchers belonging to the first group believe that modern man not only does not produce objects of art for present and future generations, but also does not turn to the objects of art of previous eras. And this, in turn, will lead to the fact that art in its general concept will soon cease to exist.

Representatives of the second camp say that in the conditions of modern society there is an increase in the role of culture and art as the most important mechanisms for self-development and self-knowledge of a person in his interaction with the outside world, as a means of accumulating and assimilating this knowledge, as a way of generating and selecting specific value attitudes of an individual. and collective existence of people.

Modern society is now in the so-called "transition period". And in the transitional period, the development of popular consciousness leads to the fact that a wide range of people who previously in their spiritual development did not come into contact with artistic culture gradually comes into contact with her. Scientists of this group believe that the mass culture of Western countries has taken over the world. But this dominance is gradually fading away. And today, more than ever, many crave real art, and not a substitute in the form of Western mass culture.

Who is right and who is not is a rhetorical question. And, as you know, it is impossible to give an answer to it. But I would like to believe that in this case the representative of the second camp is right. Indeed, in our country there is a slight, but an increase in interest in world-renowned art objects and in elite art in general.

Contemporary art acts as an artistic program of a changing world - a world of accelerating social progress based on advanced technology and urbanization. At the same time, art is defined as a process in which a vital exchange of meanings takes place, which are social constructs and are changeable, dependent on time and place. Contemporary art seeks to provoke the viewer's intellectual complicity, to awaken ordinary consciousness, offering a radically new experience of understanding the world.

Artistic comprehension and representation modern world requires from the artist maximum sensitivity to all areas of life and its pain points, as well as the ability to express his vision with the most adequate means from a wide arsenal of art technologies (computer art, internet art, video art, and so on). Act artistic creativity implies a subtle and attentive attitude to all existing processes and elements of culture. Contemporary art is often even referred to as "relevant" to emphasize its non-traditional, experimental and innovative character. Such high demands on contemporary artists led to the need to create a new type of educational institution, a completely adequate option of which are schools contemporary art based on the principles of interdisciplinarity and free co-creation of students and teachers, overcoming the narrow framework of traditional scientific, educational, artistic and professional fragmentation, and, consequently, social alienation.

Speaking of prospects further development art in order to preserve it, then one should listen to the opinion of well-known practitioners who believe that the art of individual countries should be integrated. Today, when integrative processes in the world have become a reality, it has become obvious that cultural integration is a more complex concept than political integration. This is evidenced by ongoing disputes about what constitutes a global cultural community, what is the ratio of spontaneous and regulated processes in its establishment, how to preserve the identity of national culture, avoid its dissolution in the impersonal stream of mass culture, which knows no barriers and irresistibly fills niches and territories. , which were previously considered reserved centers of the traditional and national. However, it should be remembered that national art is not when it simply uses the national color, but when it becomes necessary to create a self-portrait of the nation. This means that it is not art that needs national consciousness, but national consciousness needs art that preserves national and cultural identity. But in order to prevent such a situation when the personality will be developed one-sidedly and fragmentarily, it is necessary to strive to create a single world culture with features emanating from national identity.

The time has come to analyze all the "pros" and "cons" of the past century and proceed to enlightenment and the formation of a new one. complete person, with his understanding of his mission on this planet. Only this enlightenment should be qualitatively and artistically competent, which will form a new person, a person of peace and creation for the good.

To do this, it is necessary to start with the revival of replication and distribution domestic classics and works of domestic cinema. It is necessary to establish the functioning of clubs, houses of culture, where simple people may in free time engage in amateur creativity, communicating with each other. Patriotic literary classic is necessary, like air, for today's newly-minted writers of the transition period, who, without a deep mastery of national history, will not be able to rise to the level of great literature.

Turning to the classics is possible even today, because art does not become obsolete. In the book of academician philosopher I.T. Frolov "Perspectives of Man" contains arguments about why art does not become obsolete. So, in particular, he notes: "The reason for this is in the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, ultimately determined by the constant appeal to man." And if science also strives for a strict unambiguous perception of knowledge by a person, finds the appropriate means for this, its own language, then works of art do not have such unambiguity: their perception, refracting through the subjective world of a person, gives rise to a whole gamut of deeply individual shades and tones that make this perception unusually diverse, although subordinate to a certain direction, a common theme.

This is precisely the secret of the extraordinary impact of art on man, his moral world, lifestyle, behavior. Turning to art, a person goes beyond the limits of rational unambiguity. Art reveals the mysterious, not amenable to scientific knowledge. That is why a person needs art as an organic part of what is contained in himself and in the world that he knows and enjoys. And I would like to end the essay with the words German poet Johannes Becher:

"Beautiful to live is not Just sound empty,

Only That, Who V world beauty multiplied

labor, struggle, the life Beautiful lived

Truly crowned beauty!"

art aesthetic phenomenon

Now it is impossible to imagine that our life would not be accompanied by art, creativity. Wherever and whenever a person lived, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the knowledge gained to the next generations. So there were wall paintings in caves - the ancient camps of man. And this was born not only by the desire to protect their descendants from the mistakes already passed by their ancestors, but by the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.

Mankind did not stagnate, it progressively moved forward and higher, and the art that accompanies man at all stages of this long and painful path also developed. If you turn to the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects have reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to go through his short, but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.

Art is one of the most important steps in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world from different points of view. With each epoch, with each century, it is more and more improved by man. At all times, art has helped a person develop his abilities, improve abstract thinking. For centuries, man has tried to change art more and more, to improve it, to deepen his knowledge. Art is great mystery world, in which the secrets of the history of our lives are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes in it you can find answers to those questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.

Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a premiere in the theater, without a fashionable hit and beloved musical group, without art exhibitions… In art, a person finds both new knowledge and answers to vital important questions, and calm from the daily hustle and bustle, and enjoyment. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, listeners. The novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people, it seems, of a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings that people have been imbued with at all times are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him if the novel is written by a true master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time or place of action that determines my perception of the great love and true friendship described by the brilliant Shakespeare.

Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its appearance, it declared loudly and boldly about its right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", icons and paintings by Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, cathedrals of Vladimir, Kiev and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on Nerl and Moscow's Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but we also sacredly honor the names of the creators.

Not only ancient creations attract our attention. We are constantly confronted with works of art in everyday life. Visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that wonderful world, which is available at first only to geniuses, and then to the rest, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our ordinary life.

Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or a zombie. The wealth of art is inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums of the world, not to listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, not to review all the masterpieces of architecture, not to re-read all the novels, poems, poems. Yes, and nothing. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the variety, a person chooses for the soul what is closest to him, which gives ground to his mind and feelings.

III. Conclusion.

art plays essential role in our lives, helping future generations to grow morally. Each generation contributes to the development of mankind, enriching it culturally. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, in a different way, to look beyond the ordinary, to feel a little sharper. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, organs.

Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that every person lives by - acquire a special color and strength in creativity.

It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is in our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of paintings, architectural masterpieces, listeners of beautiful music, the better for us and those around us.

Art is many-sided, eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental effort, a certain work of thought. A person should want to learn to see and understand the beautiful, then art will have a beneficial effect on him, society as a whole. This will probably be in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works can influence millions, and this can be beneficial or harmful.

Art helps us master the sciences and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is an essential part of human development:

Forms a person's ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beautiful in surrounding reality and art

Forms the skills of using the means of art to understand the life of people, nature itself;

Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature, the world around. the ability to preserve this beauty;

Arms people with knowledge, and also instills skills and abilities in the field of accessible arts - music, painting, theater, artistic word, architecture;

Develops creative abilities, skills and abilities to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;

Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.

So, art affects our life from all sides, makes it diverse and vibrant, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person understand his destiny in this world better and better. Our earthly world is woven from perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen, how he will speak.

« The best remedy for the upbringing of feelings in general, for awakening the feelings of beauty, for the development of creative imagination, art itself is,” pointed out the psychologist N.E. Rumyantsev.

Literature

Gnedich P.P. Art History, 2002

Kagan M.S. Morphology of Art. - L.: Art, 1972. - 440 p.

Nezhnov G.G. Art in our life. - M., "Knowledge", 1975

Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics. - M .: Art, 1984.