The problem of a compassionate attitude towards nature arguments. The problem of caring for nature: arguments from the literature

People with different views on life completely differently perceive nature. For some, nature is a workshop, an object of practice. This point of view is shared by the nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov. Another hero, Arkady Kirsanov, sees first of all the beauty of nature. He loves to walk in the forest. The surrounding world helps the hero to come to inner balance. In relation to nature, one can determine his worldview. The ability to see the beauty and richness of the surrounding world - internal quality real person.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Andrei Bolkonsky is wounded. He lies on the battlefield and sees the beautiful sky of Austerlitz. The beauty of the sky makes the hero think about the correctness of his own life path. He understands that "everything is empty, everything is a lie", that he lived wrong. Prince Andrei realizes that the goals he pursued are, in fact, insignificant. The hero ceased to consider Napoleon his idol. The beauty of nature made me reconsider my views on the world, realize true values, contrasting them with the embittered faces of warring people and the sounds of explosions.

A.S. Pushkin "Winter Morning"

The great Russian writer admires the beauty of a winter morning. The lines of the poem are opened to the reader magnificent scenery, contrasted with the landscape of yesterday. The room is illuminated with an "amber gleam", the stove crackles with a "cheerful crackle", the snow lies in "magnificent carpets" - everything points to the beauty of this morning. There is no doubt that nature, about which so much is said in the poem, is a source of inspiration for A.S. Pushkin. Last night, when the "blizzard was angry", "darkness was rushing" makes the lyrical heroine sad. Nature is reflected in the feelings and mood of a person.

ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares"

Being a hunter, grandfather Mazai does not shoot at hares when they are defenseless. In the spring flood, this person, on the contrary, helps animals. He hunts when the hares are not in danger. The act of grandfather Mazai is an example of a respectful attitude towards living beings.

Jack London "Martin Eden"

Martin Eden aspires to be a writer. His works are based on life experience. Martin Eden describes what he saw on his voyages. Nature occupies a special place in his works. The hero is trying to transfer to paper the magnificence of the natural world he saw. At first it comes out badly, but in the future it starts to work out. Nature is a source of inspiration for Martin Eden.

Why is it important to take care of nature? Is the immorality of society main reason environmental problems? The text of V. Rasputin makes you think about these issues. Here the author raises the problem of the harmful attitude of man to nature.

In the text, the author tells about the beauty of Baikal. He says that earlier people lived in harmony with their modest needs, treated Baikal as a kind of deity. People did not pose any danger to the lake and all nature in general. In the modern world, people squander the surrounding nature, scatter food waste and garbage. People should be ashamed, because they desecrate nature. Because of the careless attitude of man to nature, the water of Lake Baikal is polluted, there is a lot of garbage on the shore of the lake. Therefore, the lake is saved by international organizations. The author leads us to the conclusion that in modern society cultural values have lost their meaning. The immorality of society is the main cause of environmental problems.

I agree with the position of the author and am convinced that in modern world people have a detrimental effect on nature: they pollute their environment. A person should take care of the environment, because nature is an integral part of ours.

The problem of the pernicious attitude of man to nature is touched upon in the work of I.S. Turgenev, Fathers and Sons. The nihilist Evgeny Bazarov stated:>. Showing at the end of the novel the lonely grave of Bazarov, on which two Christmas trees grew, I.S. Turgenev shows us the power of nature , before which even the most great person seems like a miserable grain of sand.

The problem of the pernicious attitude of man to nature is raised in the work of V. Astafiev, King-fish, .V this work the question is raised about the cruel attitude of man to nature. Local poachers and visitors commit robbery. Everyone wants to catch as many fish as possible, while tourists also enjoy outdoor recreation. Tourists burn forests, poison fish. Poachers from the local Yenisei village of Chush do not understand how, for example, you can admire a bird. For them, it is just prey .By killing birds and fish, a person not only loses his human appearance and becomes hardened, but also defiles nature.

Thus, we can conclude that a person should not destroy nature, but on the contrary, he should treat it with care. Man is a child of nature, he is an integral part of it. Without nature, his existence is impossible.

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In this text, the author raises the problem of the relationship between man and nature. K. Paustovsky reveals the problem on the example of the fairy tale of the old man Prokhor. Once blacksmiths forged a gun that fell into the hands of a fool. He killed the oriole out of it. The blood of the bird fell on the leaves, after which they turned red and crumbled, and the forest where the bird fell was withered. Since then, the earth has become sad, offended, and a wet autumn has begun since then. The author also says that very much is not only slush and wet roofs.

Autumn is an artist who mixed all the pure colors that are on earth, applied them to the distant expanses of earth and sky, as if on a canvas.

The author's posture is as follows: nature must be protected, not spoiled, otherwise death awaits us. I fully agree with the author's point of view. People are destroying nature without thinking about the consequences. Killing animals, destroying plants, a person harms himself. Now many do not think about the future when they throw garbage past the bins, pollute the air with exhaust gases, burn fires. By this people destroy their habitat. We are very closely connected with nature, so we must protect it.

IN fiction this problem is raised in the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The hero of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, considers the nature of the workshop, and man as a worker in it. He is indifferent to the values ​​of generations, he only uses nature, but gives nothing to her in return. Bazarov does not think about the consequences.

Also in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" passes this problem. Andrei Bolkonsky drove past the oak twice: the first time in the fall, when the oak crumbled, fell asleep, and the second time in the spring, during flowering, the awakening of the tree. The prince noticed how similar his condition was to that of an oak tree. This a prime example close relationship between man and nature.

Thus, we can conclude that man and nature are very connected with each other, so a person must take care of nature, and in return it gives us everything we need for life.

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The problem of the relationship between man and nature arguments

Arguments on the topic "Nature" to writing the exam. Part 1. Problems of nature, attitudes towards nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on a person's character.

Is man the king of nature or a part? What is dangerous consumer attitude to nature? What can lead to the struggle of man with the natural world?
V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish"
Astafiev tells us an instructive story about a talented fisherman who has a natural instinct that is useful for fishing. However, this hero also trades in poaching, exterminating fish without counting. By his actions, the hero causes irreparable damage to nature. The reason for these actions is not hunger. Utrobin acts like this out of greed.
In one of these sorties, a huge fish comes across a poacher's hook. Greed and ambition prevent the fisherman from calling his brother for help, he decides to pull out a huge sturgeon at all costs. Over time, Ignatich begins to go under water along with the fish. happens in his soul crucial moment, where he asks for forgiveness for all his sins before his brother, before the bride whom he offended. Having overcome greed, the fisherman calls his brother for help.
Ignatich changes his attitude to nature when he feels how the fish "tightly and carefully pressed against him with a thick and tender belly." He understands that the fish is clinging to him, because he is afraid of death just like he is. He ceases to see in this living creature only an instrument for profit. When the hero realizes his mistakes, he will be liberated and cleansed of his soul from sins.
At the end of the story, we see that nature forgave the fisherman, gave him new chance for the atonement of all sins.
The fight between Ignatich and the king fish is a metaphor for the battle between man and nature that takes place every day. Destroying nature, man dooms himself to extinction. Causing harm to nature, a person deprives himself of the environment of existence. Cutting down forests, destroying animals, a person dooms himself to extinction.
This work also raises the question: can a person consider himself the king of nature. And Astafiev gives the answer: no, man is a part of nature, and not always the best. Only concern for nature can preserve the balance of life, the countless destruction of what gives us the world can only lead to death. The pride of a person who imagines himself to be the "king of nature" leads only to destruction.
We need to love the world around us, exist in peace and harmony with it, respecting every living being.

How should nature be treated?
Antoine de Saint-Exupery " A little prince».
One of the problems raised by the author of this wonderful tale is the relationship of man to nature.
An example careful attitude the protagonist can serve nature. The little prince lives on a small planet. His basic rule: "Get up in the morning, wash, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order." The little prince cleans volcanoes every morning and uproots baobab trees, which, if left unattended, can resolve the planet.
Main character teaches us to appreciate the beauty in the natural world, to protect it with all our might, because the planet is our home, and a person cannot live without a home. That is why the Little Prince asked the snake to bite him in order to return home to his planet and rose, which he must look after. Because looking after the house you live in is the main duty and responsibility of a person.

What is the danger of active human intervention in the natural world? What is the struggle between man and nature?
Chingiz Aitmatov "Plakha"
The author focuses on the problem of human intervention in the natural world.
In order to fulfill the meat-delivery plan, people decide to kill the saigas, which at that moment were being hunted by the wolves of Akbar and Tashchainar. Helicopters begin to drive the saigas towards the hunters in the UAZ, in the process, the children of the wolves die. When the tired wolves return to their native den, they find that there are people near it, collecting the remains of saigas.
Avdey calls on the participants in this disgusting act to immediately stop the slaughter, for which the hunters kill him.
Akbara and Tashchainar started new life and gave birth to new wolf cubs, but they also died in a fire that people set up.
The last time they tried to continue the family in another area, but a man named Nazarbay stole and sold four wolf cubs. There was no limit to the mother-wolf's grief. It is no coincidence that Aitmatov describes a family of wolves, endowing them with human features. They also create families, love their children, rejoice and grieve. The man in the novel is presented less alive. Most of the people in the novel are shown as insensitive creatures, devoid of moral principles.
Unceremoniously, completely without thinking about the world around, a person paves meters of new roads, he comes to someone else's house, where he robs and destroys natural inhabitants. This novel shows that such interference can end tragically for both people and animals. At the end of the work, the she-wolf dies, and with it a little boy who suffered in the insane struggle of two full-fledged inhabitants of this planet: a man and a wolf.
A person is closely connected with the natural world, it is important not to fight, but to be in peace and harmony.

Why is it important to appreciate the beauty of nature?
R. Bradbury "All Summer in One Day"
This story teaches us to appreciate the beauty of nature here and now. To give a sense of what it means to "never see the sun," Bradbury shows the life of the colonists on Venus. On this planet most time it rains, and residents can see the sun only once every 7 years. Everyone is looking forward to this day. But among the children of the colonists there is one girl who was brought to Venus already at a conscious age, because she has the worst of all. For other children, the sun is a dream, for Margot it is something lost. With this example, Bradbury tries to convey the idea to the reader: a person begins to especially appreciate the surrounding beauty of nature at the moment when he loses it. We live in wonderful world but we don't appreciate what we have.

ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares".
The main character Mazai is a hunter by profession. However, this person has a moral code and a conscience. He laments that in the area there would be much large quantity animals, if other hunters did not use dishonest methods: they would not catch animals with nets, would not crush them with snares and would not destroy hares during the spring flood. He tells a story about how, during a flood, he saw an island surrounded by water. Hares huddled together on this island. Kind heart the hunter could not stand it, he collected them on his boat, swam to the shore, and then released them. He took the frozen and weak rabbits home so that they could warm up, and in the morning he released them into the wild.
The moral principle of this man is that it is not fair to attack the weak. Of course, a person lives by hunting. A man is a predator, but he also has a morality that should not allow him to “beat a lying person”. When an animal is unable to defend itself, then it is impossible to attack it. Such a hunt turns a person into a killer. Man is endowed with great potential, he is stronger and more cunning than many animals, but at the same time he has a heart and morality. You need to treat nature with care, you can’t just take it, you need to help it.

How should nature be treated?
J. Giono "The Man Who Planted Trees"
"The Man Who Planted Trees" is an allegorical story. In the center of the story is the shepherd Elzéard Bouffier, who single-handedly decided to restore the ecosystem of the desert area.
For four decades Bouffier planted trees, which led to incredible results: The valley has become like a Garden of Eden. The authorities took this as a natural phenomenon, and the forest received official protection states. After some time, about 10,000 people moved to this area. All these people owe their happiness to Buffier.
Elzéard Bouffier is an example of how a person should relate to nature. This work awakens in readers a love for the world around them. Man can not only destroy, he is also able to create. Human resources are inexhaustible, purposefulness can create life where it does not exist. This story was translated into 13 languages, it had such a strong impact on society and authorities that hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest were restored after reading it.

B.L. Vasiliev "Don't shoot the white swans"
One of the main characters, Yegor Polushkin, is a man who does not stay at one job for a long time. The reason for this is the inability to work “without a heart”. He loves the forest very much, takes care of it. That is why he is appointed a forester, while firing the dishonest Buryanov. It was then that Yegor manifests himself as a real fighter for the protection of nature. He boldly enters into a fight with poachers who set fire to the forest and killed the swans. This man is an example of how to treat nature. Thanks to people like Yegor Polushkin, humanity has not yet destroyed everything that exists on this earth. Against Buryanov's cruelty, goodness must always come out in the person of the caring "polushkins".

The relationship of man to nature, the relationship of man and nature, the responsibility of man for his actions to the natural world.
Ray Bradbury "The Thunder Came"
One of the problems raised in R. Bradbury's story "And Thunder Came" is the attitude to the natural world. The protagonist Eckels plunges into the past with the help of a time machine. The purpose of his journey is to hunt for a dinosaur. The organizers warn him that only those animals that are in danger of natural death can be killed. The instructor explains why such caution is needed: if you accidentally kill some of the most insignificant animals, then this can greatly affect the whole future. For example, if you kill a mouse, then there will be no fox and its descendants. If a particular fox disappears, then all its descendants and some lion will die, and so on. Thus, the death of one mouse can destroy entire dynasties, change the whole world. This shows how much a person is connected with the whole world of nature. People sometimes think that they are the kings of nature, but when a person kills a small mosquito just like that, he changes the lives of his future descendants. Man occupies a certain place in nature, no more, no less. That is why the unreasonable extermination of animals is so dangerous. It is not known how the whims of a person can affect the future. A person must understand that the entire ecosystem and the future of a person himself depend on his behavior, therefore, nature must be treated with care, appreciating each of its creations.

The problem of relation to nature.
A.P. Platonov "Unknown flower"
In the story "Unknown Flower" the problem of attitude to nature is touched upon. positive example is the behavior of children. So, the girl Dasha discovers a flower that grows in terrible conditions and needs help. The next day, she brings a whole detachment of pioneers, they all fertilize the ground around the flower. A year later, we see the consequences of such indifference. The wasteland is impossible to recognize: it was “overgrown with herbs and flowers”, and “birds and butterflies flew over it”. Caring for nature does not always require titanic efforts from a person, but it always brings such important results. Having spent an hour of his time, each person can save or "give life" to a new flower. And every flower in this world counts.

How should you treat the environment?
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Bazarov declares that nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and immediately a magnificent landscape follows in the work. The pictures of nature, with which the novel is saturated, implicitly convince the reader of the exact opposite, namely, that nature is a temple, not a workshop, that only life in harmony with the outside world, and not violence against it, can bring happiness to a person.

How does nature influence a person's character?
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
The place where a person lives affects the formation of his character. Lermontov describes the Caucasus as a place surrounded by high dangerous mountains, seething, fast rivers, and therefore the people who live there have a bold, furious character. Mountains are associated with adventure and risk, and people's lives are about overcoming dangers. The harsh conditions of nature make a person's character harsh, he becomes prone to impulsiveness, he develops a spirit of adventurism. For people living in such an area, nature is not just a background. They feel nature better than any person who describes the beauties of the landscape, they love nature and feel it with their hearts: “... in the hearts of simple people, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper” .

The relationship between man and nature

Man and nature are inseparable. We are inextricably linked with the animals around us and flora and to a large extent dependent on it. It is no coincidence that the problem of the relationship between man and nature is so topical.

Our blood relationship with all things is obvious. Nikolai Rubtsov wrote about this in the poem “My Quiet Homeland”:

With every hut and cloud,

With thunder ready to fall

I feel the most burning

The deadliest bond.

For many of us, nature is an object of admiration, the soul blossoms from communication with it. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin found charm even in bad weather in late autumn:

Sad time! Oh charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me ...

Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky called nature "an eternal model of art." Her beauty was depicted in their works by writers, poets, artists, musicians. For creative people nature often became a source of inspiration. The story of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky "Squeaky Floorboards" tells how Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his works. Love for relatives, places familiar from childhood inspired the Russian composer to create beautiful music.

There are many cases when nature healed a person, gave vitality. In O. Henry's story "The Last Leaf" the heroine falls seriously ill. Lying in bed, she counts the leaves on an old ivy. Jonesy thinks that when he falls last page she will die. But the leaf desperately resists the weather. And the girl is also fighting for her life.

The connection with nature has a beneficial effect on a person: one who lives in harmony with the outside world cannot but possess inner beauty. Let's remember Olesya, the heroine of the story of the same name by Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. A girl who grew up in the bosom of nature, in Polissya, attracts moral purity and integrity of character.

However, the relationship between man and nature is not always harmonious. Sometimes we forget about spiritual beginning which is embedded in the world around us. “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it,” says Yevgeny Bazarov, the hero of Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons. Probably, in some ways the young nihilist is right. However, his judgment, in my opinion, is too one-sided. It is impossible to perceive nature only as a space for human activity and a source of material wealth. Such a consumer attitude leads to irreparable consequences, and we already have the opportunity to see this.

The unreasonable and sometimes barbaric actions of people provoked the disappearance rare species animals and plants, air and water pollution. In some areas of the planet, the rapid development of industry has caused a real environmental catastrophe.

But everything in the world is interconnected, and the harm that we cause to nature will sooner or later turn against us ...

Theme "Nature and Man": arguments. The problem of attitude to nature

Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on the way to adulthood. Already today, many graduates are familiar with the delivery of essays in December, and then with the delivery of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Topics that can come across for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument "Nature and Man".

About the topic

Many authors wrote about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).

To correctly reveal this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then there are several statements to choose from. famous people. The main thing here is to subtract the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You can see the arguments from the literature on this topic below.

If we are talking about the second part examination work in Russian, then here the student is already given the text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems to him the easiest to solve.

It must be said that few students choose this topic, because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, just look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.

Problem one

Arguments (“The problem of man and nature”) can be completely different. Let us take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something alive. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together if you think about it.

Take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so struck by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.

Let's remember the same Andrew. Experiencing severe emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak. What does he feel about it? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise being, which makes Andrey think about right decision in his life.

At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of "War and Peace" support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" thinks quite differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature is no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. However natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - this is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.

These two works are perfect for revealing the theme "Man and Nature", the arguments are easy to give.

Second problem

The problem of human awareness of the beauty of nature is also often found in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.

For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". Recall the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky participated. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrey experiences when he sees the gray sky! The beauty that makes him hold his breath, that inspires him with strength!

But in addition to Russian literature, we can consider works and foreign classics. Let's take famous work Margaret Mitchell " gone With the Wind". The episode of the book when Scarlett, having passed long haul home, he sees his native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! What does the girl feel? She suddenly ceases to be restless, she ceases to feel tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature, landscape native land saves the girl from despair.

Third problem

Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall only a few works that tell us about the impact nature has on us.

For example, Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" is great as an argument for writing. Let us recall the main features of the plot: the old man goes to sea for big fish. A few days later, he finally has a catch: he comes across a beautiful shark in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character is moving towards the house, the shark is slowly dying. All alone, the old man begins to talk to the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes his own. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other marine animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic smell of the blood of a wounded shark. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he has caught.

This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how hard it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that a person is able to resist the elements of nature, which acts solely according to its own laws.

Or let's take Astafiev's work "Tsar-fish". Here we observe how nature is able to revive all the best qualities of man. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature causes them to manifest best qualities character.

Fourth problem

beauty problem environment directly related to the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be cited from Russian classical poetry.

Let's take a poet as an example. Silver Age Sergei Yesenin. We are all already high school we know that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich sang not only feminine beauty but also natural. Being a native of the village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei sang of Russian nature, paying attention to those details that go unnoticed by us.

For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly draws an image for us blossoming apple tree, whose flowers are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, darling, I remember”, which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows you to plunge into the beautiful midsummer night when lindens bloom, the sky is starry, and somewhere in the distance the moon shines. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.

Two more poets of the "golden age" of literature, who sang of nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet at Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersects with descriptions natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love with nature. Afanasy Fet's poem "I came to you with greetings" was just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.

Fifth problem

Speaking of arguments ("Man and Nature"), one can meet another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.

As an argument that will reveal the understanding of this problem, one can name " dog's heart» Mikhail Bulgakov. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new man with a dog's soul with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, only created problems and ended in failure. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than that what was originally, no matter how much we try to improve it.

Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be considered from this angle of view.

How does man influence nature?
Ray Bradbury "The Martian Chronicles"
People often have a consumerist attitude towards nature: they cut down forests, drain rivers and lakes, exterminate entire species of animals, without compensating for the consequences of their actions.
Ray Bradbury's novel The Martian Chronicles describes in detail the impact of man on the natural world. Having polluted their planet, turning it into huge megacities, people began to explore distant Mars, already inhabited by inhabitants. Martians in this respect are very different from earthlings: they are closely connected with the nature of their planet. Half of their houses consist of living natural formations, they themselves actively use the gifts of their nature in everyday life. Their peaceful existence was violated by the inhabitants of the planet Earth. Having started the settlement of Mars, people not only destroyed all the Martians, but also began to exterminate the Martian culture, imposing their own rules on the new world.

Why should we take care of nature?
HG Wells "War of the Worlds"
Nature is the home of man. All living things that exist on planet Earth are interconnected. The famous English writer Herbert Wells in his novel "The War of the Worlds" showed nature as the savior of mankind. After the start of the war with aliens, people were on the verge of extinction: aliens destroyed earthlings, transformed the earth's surface, destroyed great amount cities. People could not resist such an enemy with their weapons, and then bacteria and microbes came to their aid, exterminating the aliens. The planet itself did not allow the invaders to destroy human civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the world of nature with care, because if nature does not disappear, man himself will disappear.

What is the role of nature in Russian culture?

For Russians, nature has always been freedom, will, freedom. Listen to the language: take a walk in the wild, go free. Will is the absence of concern for tomorrow, this is carelessness, blissful immersion in the present.
Remember Koltsov:
Oh you, my steppe,
The steppe is free,
You are wide, steppe,
Spread out
To the Black Sea
Moved up!
Wide space has always owned the hearts of Russians. It resulted in concepts and representations that are not found in other languages. What is the difference between will and freedom? The fact that free will is freedom, connected with space, with nothing obstructed by space. And the concept of melancholy, on the contrary, is connected with the concept of crowding, depriving a person of space. To oppress a person is to deprive him of space in the direct and figuratively this word.
And nature needed a big man, open, with a huge outlook. That's why it's so loved folk song polyushko-field. Volya is large spaces where you can walk and walk, wander, swim with the flow of large rivers and on long distances, breathe free air, inhale the wind widely with your chest, feel the sky above your head, be able to move in different sides- as you please.
Russian lyrical lingering song - it also has a longing for space. And it is best sung outside the home, in the wild, in the field.
The bells had to be heard as far as possible. Fast driving- this is also a desire for space.
But the same special attitude to open space and space is also seen in epics. Mikula Selyaninovich follows the plow from end to end of the field. Volga has to catch up with him for three days on young Bukhara colts.
They heard a plowman in a pure poly,
Plowman-plowman.
They rode all day in pure poly,
The plowman was not run over,
And the next day they drove from morning to evening.
The plowman was not run over,
And on the third day they rode from morning to evening,
Plowman and ran over.

There is also a sense of space in the beginnings of epics describing Russian nature, and in the desires of heroes, Volga, for example:
Volgy wanted a lot of wisdom:
Pike-fish walk Volgy in the blue seas,
Like a falcon, fly Volgy under the clouds,
Wolf and roam in the open fields.
Even the description of the towers built by Nightingale Budimirovich's "choir squad" in the garden near Zabava Putyatichna contains the same delight in the vastness of nature.
Well decorated in towers:
The sun is in the sky - the sun is in the tower;
A month in the sky - a month in the tower;
There are stars in the sky - in the tower of the star;
Dawn in the sky - dawn in the tower
And all the beauty of heaven.
Delight in front of the open spaces is already present in ancient Russian literature - in the Primary Chronicle, in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", in "The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land", in "The Life of Alexander Nevsky", and in almost every work ancient period XI-XIII centuries. Everywhere, events either cover vast spaces, as in The Tale of Igor's Campaign, or take place among vast spaces with responses in distant lands, as in The Life of Alexander Nevsky. Since ancient times, Russian culture has considered freedom and space to be the greatest aesthetic and ethical good for man.

The relationship between man and nature. How do humans and nature interact?
Argument from D.S. Likhachev "letters about the good and the beautiful"
Nature has its own culture. Therefore, the relationship between nature and man is the relationship of two cultures, each of which is “social” in its own way, sociable, has its own “rules of conduct”. And their meeting is built on peculiar moral grounds. Both cultures are fruit historical development, and the development human culture takes place under the influence of nature for a long time (since the existence of mankind), and the development of nature with its multi-million-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture.
One (the culture of nature) can exist without the other (human) and the other (human) cannot. But still for many past centuries there was a balance between nature and man. Equilibrium is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more "nature", and the farther south and closer to the steppe, the more "man".
The landscape of Russia throughout its heroic space, as it were, pulsates, it either discharges and becomes more natural, then it thickens in villages, graveyards and cities, it becomes more human.
The old Russian city does not oppose nature. He goes to nature through the suburbs. Hundreds of years ago, he clung to the walls of the city with vegetable gardens and gardens, to the rampart and the moat, he clung to the surrounding fields and forests, taking from them a few trees, a few vegetable gardens, a little water in his ponds and wells. And all this is in the ebb and flow of hidden and obvious rhythms - beds, streets, houses, logs, blocks of pavements and bridges.

What is characteristic of the Russian landscape?
Argument from D.S. Likhachev "letters about the good and the beautiful"
In Russian landscape painting there are a lot of works devoted to the seasons: autumn, spring, winter - the favorite themes of Russian landscape painting throughout the 19th century and later. And most importantly, it does not contain unchanging elements of nature, but most often temporary: early or late autumn, spring waters, melting snow, rain, thunderstorm, winter sun peeking out for a moment from behind heavy winter clouds, etc.
In Russian nature there are no eternal, not changing in different times years of large objects like mountains, evergreen trees. Everything in Russian nature is changeable in color and condition. Eternal masquerade, eternal celebration of colors and lines, perpetual motion within a year or a day.
All these changes exist, of course, in other countries, but in Russia they seem to be most noticeable thanks to Russian painting, starting with Venetsianov and Martynov. Russia has a continental climate, and this continental climate creates especially harsh winter and a particularly hot summer, a long spring, iridescent with all shades of colors, in which each week brings with it something new, a protracted autumn, in which there is also its very beginning with the extraordinary transparency of the air, sung by Tyutchev, and a special silence peculiar only to August , And late fall which Pushkin loved so much.
But in Russia, unlike the south, especially somewhere on the shores of the White Sea or White Lake, there are unusually long evenings with the setting sun, which creates play of colors in the wild, changing literally in five-minute intervals, a whole “ballet of colors”, and wonderful - long-long - sunrises. There are moments (especially in spring) when the sun "plays", as if it was cut by an experienced cutter. White nights and "black", dark days in December create not only a diverse range of colors, but also an extremely rich emotional palette. And Russian poetry responds to all this diversity.
A characteristic feature of the Russian landscape is already in Venetsianov. She is also in early spring Vasiliev. She majorly affected the work of Levitan. This inconstancy and fluctuation of time is a feature, as it were, connecting the people of Russia with its landscapes.
National traits you can not exaggerate, make them exceptional. National Features- these are only some accents, and not qualities that others lack. National features bring people together, interest people of other nationalities, and do not remove people from the national environment of other peoples, do not close peoples in themselves. Nations are not walled communities, but harmoniously coordinated associations.
Therefore, if I am talking about what is characteristic of the Russian landscape or Russian poetry, then these same properties, but, however, to some other extent, are characteristic of other countries and peoples. The national traits of a people do not exist in themselves and for themselves, but also for others. They are clarified only when viewed from the outside and in comparison, therefore, they should be understandable for other peoples, they should exist in some other arrangement among others.

Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on the way to adulthood. Already today, many graduates are familiar with the delivery of essays in December, and then with the delivery of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Topics that can come across for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument "Nature and Man".

About the topic

Many authors wrote about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).

To correctly reveal this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then the choice is given to several statements of famous personalities. The main thing here is to subtract the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You can see the arguments from the literature on this topic below.

If we are talking about the second part of the examination paper in the Russian language, then here the student is already given the text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems to him the easiest to solve.

It must be said that few students choose this topic, because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, just look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.

Problem one

Arguments ("The problem of man and nature") can be completely different. Let us take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something alive. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together if you think about it.

Arguments

Take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so struck by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.

Let's remember the same Andrew. Experiencing heavy emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak tree. What does he feel about it? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise being, which makes Andrei think about the right decision in his life.

At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of "War and Peace" support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" thinks quite differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature is no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. However, natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - it is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.

These two works are perfect for revealing the theme "Man and Nature", the arguments are easy to give.

Second problem

The problem of human awareness of the beauty of nature is also often found in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.

Arguments

For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". Recall the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky participated. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrey experiences when he sees the gray sky! The beauty that makes him hold his breath, that inspires him with strength!

But in addition to Russian literature, we can also consider works of foreign classics. Take Margaret Mitchell's famous work Gone with the Wind. The episode of the book, when Scarlett, having gone a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! What does the girl feel? She suddenly ceases to be restless, she ceases to feel tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature, the landscape of the native land that saves the girl from despair.

Third problem

Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” - a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall only a few works that tell us about the impact nature has on us.

Arguments

For example, Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" is great as an argument for writing. Recall the main features of the plot: the old man goes to sea for a big fish. A few days later, he finally has a catch: he comes across a beautiful shark in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character is moving towards the house, the shark is slowly dying. All alone, the old man begins to talk to the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes his own. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other marine animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic smell of the blood of a wounded shark. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he has caught.

This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how hard it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that a person is able to resist the elements of nature, which acts solely according to its own laws.

Or let's take Astafiev's work "Tsar-fish". Here we observe how nature is able to revive all the best qualities of man. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature causes in them the manifestation of the best qualities of character.

Fourth problem

The problem of the beauty of the environment is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be cited from Russian classical poetry.

Arguments

Let's take as an example the Silver Age poet Sergei Yesenin. We all know from high school that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich sang not only female beauty, but also natural beauty. Being a native of the village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei sang of Russian nature, paying attention to those details that go unnoticed by us.

For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly draws us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, darling, I remember”, which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows you to plunge into a beautiful summer night, when lindens are blooming, the sky is starry, and the moon is shining somewhere in the distance. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.

Two more poets of the "golden age" of literature, who sang of nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet at Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersect with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love with nature. Afanasy Fet's poem "I came to you with greetings" was just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.

Fifth problem

Speaking of arguments ("Man and Nature"), one can meet another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.

Arguments

As an argument that will reveal the understanding of this problem, we can name the “Heart of a Dog” by Mikhail Bulgakov. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new man with a dog's soul with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, only created problems and ended in failure. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never be better than what was originally, no matter how much we try to improve it.

Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be considered from this angle of view.