The meaning of Transfiguration in a dog's heart. Professor Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky from the story "Heart of a Dog"
The hero of the story "Heart of a Dog" is Professor of Medicine Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. He deals with the then fashionable problem of human rejuvenation. We must pay tribute to the talent of the scientist. He is known for his work abroad. Hard worker: receives patients, and then, in the evening, studies medical literature. The professor is no stranger to small earthly joys: he loves to eat deliciously, to shine in a respected society in expensive clothes, to chat with his assistant Bormental on various slippery topics. In a word, a typical intellectual, to whom the Soviet government has not yet had time to finally cut off, as they say, oxygen. However, such a scientist suits the Bolsheviks quite well: he is not involved in politics.
The main events unfold after the appearance of the mongrel Sharik in the house of the professor. His character is surprisingly consonant with the “homo sovieticus”: the dog is ready for anything for a piece of sausage, he has an absurd and aggressive character. Passing by the porter, Sharik thinks: "I wish I could nip him on the proletarian callused leg." And he looks at the stuffed owl with such feelings: “And this owl is rubbish. Insolent. We will explain it."
The professor, who is fascinated by science, does not notice what kind of monster he has brought into the house. As an experiment, he transplants human seminal glands to Sharik, dreaming of doing good to humanity. In front of the astonished scientist, the dog gradually turns into a man.
Sharik, or already Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov, quickly finds his social niche in human society. Everything happens as in the Soviet state: the lower classes, having seized power, begin to crowd out everything that previously occupied this social living space. As a result, his "parent" Preobrazhensky himself almost finds himself on the street, and only his old connections save him from Sharikov's lawlessness.
Bulgakov shows the psychological type of a Russian scientist who has not yet encountered all the "charms" of the Bolshevik regime. His fur was still being stroked. But he, carried away by his developments, did not notice that he himself created such a representative of harsh power.
The ball literally squeezes the scientist out of the world. Behind the ridiculousness of the plot lies the deep tragedy of the Russian scientific intelligentsia, which in those years unwittingly helped the Bolsheviks to strengthen their positions. The Sharikovs gradually advanced to all the highest echelons of power and began not only to poison the fate of normal people, but also to decide it. They began to determine the foreign policy of the country.
The professor, in late remorse, complains about his mistake: “I cared about something completely different, about eugenics, about improving the human race. And I ran into rejuvenation. ” Realizing his fatal mistake, the professor becomes a participant in the crime: on the advice of Bormental, they decide to get rid of Sharikov and free humanity from this nightmare.
The professor decides to have one more operation and returns Sharikov to his previous state.
The ending of the story, however, is not prosperous, because outside the walls of the professor's house, where the dog Sharik is peacefully dozing, there are many people infected with Sharikov's microbe, and they will still do many bitter deeds in the country.
The new year 1925 began successfully for Bulgakov. The almanac "Nedra", in which his "Diaboliad" and "Fatal Eggs" were printed, ordered him a story. Two months later (March 7) at a meeting of writers "Nikitinsky subbotniks" he reads the first part of the new work, a little later - the second. They will talk about the story, the Moscow Art Theater will offer to stage a performance, put on a performance on its stage. Everything is going just fine, if not for the denunciation. The high party rank Lev Kamenev imposes a fatal resolution and forbids publication.
Bulgakov, Professor Preobrazhensky: a long way home
"Heart of a Dog" was first printed in 1968 abroad, almost simultaneously in two countries: Germany and England. She will return home only in 1987, will be published in the Znamya magazine, and before that she will be distributed throughout the country in typewritten texts of samizdat. In a year, viewers will see the two-episode television series of the same name (the premiere will take place on November 19) directed by Vladimir Bortko. The film starred wonderful actors: Evgeny Evstigneev, Boris Plotnikov, Nina Ruslanova, Roman Kartsev.
Since then, for the majority of people inhabiting the post-Soviet space, Professor Preobrazhensky ("Heart of a Dog"), book, film and image - have merged in Evgeny Evstigneev. It is impossible to imagine Philip Philipovich otherwise, there is not enough imagination. Two personalities: a literary hero and an actor - a single organic phenomenon, a fusion of literature and cinema.
First film adaptation: a different point of view from Italy
Italian cinema discovered Bulgakov in the 70s of the last century. The Italians made films based on the works of Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita", "Fatal Eggs". Director Alberto Lattuada, a classic of Italian neorealism, took up the adaptation of the story with enthusiasm. Filmed in Belgrade. The main role was played by the Swedish popular artist Max von Sydow. Bulgakov (Professor Preobrazhensky in the reading of the master of cinema - an intellectual involved in the coming to power of ball madmen, intoxicated with the ideas of communism and fascism, would probably not approve of such an interpretation of the image. The intelligentsia is not a victim of the system here - it is its ideologist, the creator of super-ideas that were picked up by the poorly educated most. His hands are dirty, the director shows for a long time close-up the scientist's bloody medical gloves. He is greedy, obsessed with luxury, eats delicacies with servants, thereby emphasizing the social gap between them. The film focuses on the episode of burning in the oven of Engels' correspondence with Kautsky. Subsequently, the Nazis will do the same with objectionable books.In a word, in the Italian interpretation, the image of Professor Preobrazhensky is extremely unsympathetic.We are closer and dearer to the other.
"There is a need to know..."
Preobrazhensky (professor) is a man of 60 years old, he wears a pointed beard and fluffy mustache that makes him look like French knights. Glasses in an expensive frame shine on his face, a “golden palisade” in his mouth. At home, he wears an azure robe and red shoes. On the street - a fur coat on a fox, sparkling with a spark. Under outerwear - a black suit of English cloth, on the stomach - a gold chain. His voice spreads through the apartment like a command trumpet. He is imperious, full of majestic dignity, imposing, unhurried, thoughtful.
Immediately a detail enters, small and detailed, which turns Philipp Philippovich from a heavy, living statue of an academic scientist into an elderly man with well-established sweet, slightly funny habits. He sings endlessly, loves opera, smokes cigars, knows a lot about good alcohol and enjoys eating only wholesome food. This is a man wise with rich life experience, loves a sedate conversation and believes that "devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads." His precise, clear, ironic thoughts amaze with their objectivity and consistency. Professor Preobrazhensky, the quotes with which he practically speaks have long become winged.
Prototypes of Philip Philipovich
Philologists believe that there were several prototypes. Preobrazhensky (professor) - a certain collective image of the luminaries of that time. Topping the list is the writer's uncle, gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky. Firstly, the descriptions of the apartments are the same: the same luxurious and large, the same heavy, expensive furniture. Secondly, external similarity. The writer's first wife recalled that she immediately recognized this anger, flaring nostrils, irascibility and singing arias.
The Frenchman and physician Charles Brown-Séquard, having reached the age of 70, decided to rejuvenate and came up with a medicine from the testes of rabbits. In 1889, he gave a lecture to the Paris Scientific Society, declaring himself young and vigorous. The doctor's research became a sensation, but not for long. The rise in vitality was more of a psychological nature, since the doctor soon wilted and died.
The experiment was also continued by a French scientist, originally from Russia - Samuil Volkov, who grafted the tissues of monkey testicles into humans. A line of people lined up for him to experience the joy of a second youth, but one of the rich patients died, and Volkov was nicknamed a charlatan. Researchers of Bulgakov's work tend to classify Bekhterev, Pavlov and other famous doctors and researchers of that time as prototypes.
Let's remember not the film, but the text. Preobrazhensky, a professor, receives patients, and Sharik, a homeless dog, watches over them. He is disgusted by the smell of perfume and cream underpants, decorated with hateful cat faces, a strange-looking man. Then a giggling woman, unwilling to admit how old she is, babbles about a young lover, a card cheat. A dog's "fresh eye" pulls these people out of their usual medical context. For the doctor they are just patients, for the animal they are something unpleasant and disgusting. The story raises the eternal theme of the scientist's moral responsibility for the world and his fate. Mankind has repeatedly witnessed how a scientific discovery turned against him, killed, maimed, brought suffering.
“What a reptile, and also a proletarian!”
The book begins with an amazing monologue of a homeless mongrel. The cook of the canteen of normal food for employees of the Central Council of the National Economy (what is the name) poured boiling water over his left side. The street is cold and deserted, the wind is blowing. He would have hidden in the alley, licked the wound, but the enemy janitor, "the most vile scum" of all the proletarians, will definitely kill him. The sweet smell of fried onions and porridge spreads along the street. It's the firefighters having dinner. The dog gratefully remembers the lordly cook of Counts Tolstoy Vlas. Now there are no more. The dog sees a typist running down the street. The wind ruffles the skirt, under which the washed linen. She is wearing fildepersovye stockings, donated by her lover, for them the libertine will demand sophisticated love. There is no unfortunate joy: they deducted from a meager salary, with light disorder, there is not enough for cinema, and for women it is the only consolation in life. The girl hides behind the door of the dining room, which smells of cabbage soup with rotten corned beef.
“The dog stood up on its hind legs and performed some kind of prayer in front of Philip Philipovich”
The dog is delighted with his savior to a violent canine exaltation. He is devoted and ready to endure even a collar. A world-famous scientist appears in the halo of his greatness. Residential comrades tremble before him, one call to an influential patron solves the problem of the impending "seal". He talks at length and wisely, like a man who knows life deeply. Professor Preobrazhensky will speak about devastation weightily and to the very point. We will remember. Professor Preobrazhensky, the quotes that we repeat are a whole world, he delights with insight.
"Learning to read is completely useless when the meat smells like that from a mile away"
Everything will end with the transformation of Sharik into Polygraph Polygraphovich. This is no longer cute Sharik, but Klim Chugunkin, an unrestrained drunkard who plays the balalaika in taverns. A brazen, dark force will turn the settled life of the house upside down: reception will become impossible, the flood will bring water to the landing, Sharikov's friends will steal galoshes and the owner's personal cane from the hallway. The fruit of human hands is more terrible than Shvonder: the day will come and Sharikov will sweep him out of his way and destroy him. The danger is terrible because it grows from within, it is impossible to get away from it. The owner of the apartment is changing before our eyes. Bormental will notice how haggard he is, hunched over, becoming smaller, grumbling like an old man. Preobrazhensky, a professor and scientist, thought deeply, the dark thought of murder ripens in him, expands and oppresses. This is the price paid for the purity of a scientific idea. And he utters bitter famous words about the senselessness of the artificial fabrication of Spinoza, when any woman can easily give birth to them, as Madame Lomonosov gave birth to her famous in Kholmogory. The brilliant experiment of Professor Preobrazhensky is meaningless.
Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 11
Topic: The image of Professor Preobrazhensky in M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog".
The purpose of the lesson: reveal the skill of M. Bulgakov in creating the image of the artistic image of Professor Preobrazhensky, which contains the idea of the work.
Tasks
educational: work on the skills of text analysis, the skills of revealing the image of a literary hero;
developing: develop thinking, the ability to generalize and draw conclusions, improve the monologue and dialogic speech of students;
educational: to bring up the civic position of students, a sense of responsibility for their own actions and for what is happening in society, to interest the creativity of M.A. Bulgakov.
Board decoration
1. Portrait of M.A. Bulgakov.
2. Portrait of N.M. Bulgakov (prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky.
3. Portrait of the hero of the story, made by a student.
4. Recording: Techniques for creating an artistic image of the hero:
A) the character's name
B) Portrait of a hero.
C) the actions of the hero.
D) Description of the situation in which the hero is located.
E) Speech characteristics of the hero (monologues, including internal ones, dialogues).
E) The system of images of the work, the environment - minor characters through which the image is revealed.
G) Compositional techniques used by the author to reveal the character of the hero.
Lesson equipment
Interactive whiteboard, projector, computer for viewing an excerpt from N. Bozhko's film "Heart of a Dog".
lookahead task
1. Individual task: a report on the role of secondary characters in revealing the image of Professor Preobrazhensky (for 1-2 minutes)
2. Individual task: a message about the image of Dr. Bormental and his role in revealing the character of Professor Preobrazhensky (for 1-2 minutes)
During the classes
Orgmoment - 1 minute.
I . Introductory speech of the teacher - 1 minute.
We continue to study the story of M.A. Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog" and today the image of Professor Preobrazhensky is in the center of our attention.
It was already noted earlier that the changes taking place in Russia in the 1920s and 1930s, associated with the construction of socialism and a new future man, were perceived by the humanist writer as a huge experiment, terrible in its scope and consequences. Bulgakov had a negative attitude towards the idea of creating a new society, the education of a new person, free from the old morality and culture. The writer perceived this as interference in the natural course of things, the thousand-year history of mankind, and the consequences of this interference could be deplorable for everyone, including the "experimenters" themselves. This is what the story "Heart of a Dog" warns about.
But besides this, in his work, Bulgakov reflects on the role of a scientist and science, on the role of the intelligentsia in society, on their moral responsibility to society. That is why the image of Professor Preobrazhensky becomes so important.
The purpose of our lesson is to analyze this image, to comprehend Bulgakov's writing skills in creating the image of the protagonist. We will try to determine the ways and methods of revealing the character of the characters in the story.
II . Work on the image of Professor Preobrazhensky - 18-20 min
So, before us is the main character of the story - Professor Philipp Philippovich
Preobrazhensky.
- What do you think, what meaning does Bulgakov put into the name and surname of his hero?
(listen to student responses)
NamePhilip in Greek means "lover of horses." The horse in ancient Greece was one of the symbols of a noble person. And the wordphilippic has the meaning "angry diatribe, speaking out against someone or something. Students should come to the conclusion that in this way the author probably wanted to denounce the experiment in which the professor transformed a dog into a man. The prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky was the writer's uncle, Nikolai Mikhailovich Bulgakov, a famous doctor, an intelligent and talented person (photo on the board).
Let's pay attention to the portrait-illustration of the hero of the story.
- Is this how you imagined the professor?
(listen to student responses)
The character of a literary hero in a work of art is revealed in certain ways and techniques. Pay attention to the notes on the board.
Let's see how Bulgakov creates a portrait of F.F. Preobrazhensky.
(Work with text) ch.1 from the words "The door across the street ... Give it to me."
From the words "This is a personality!" to the end of the chapter.
- What feature of the writer's image of the hero's appearance did you notice?
(The portrait is given through the eyes of a dog. At the same time
citizen = master
comrade = lackey)
- What technique does Bulgakov use when describing Preobrazhensky's apartment? For what? (Reception is the antithesis. Two different worlds - the world of purity, prosperity, tranquility and comfort and the world of dirt, stench, poverty and anger).
Professor gentleman, educated, well-mannered, noble person, personality. He is a world-famous scientist, practicing doctor, earning money with his work and talent. He is confident, calm, can do what he loves. Philip Philipovich keeps servants and lives in 7 rooms. According to the new government - the house committee headed by Shvonder - this is an unaffordable luxury.
(Working with text) Chap. 2 - an episode of the arrival of the house committee to the professor's apartment with the requirement of sealing. From the words “Tile squares…. Glittering golden chain"
- Pay attention to details. How does the professor change outwardly during a conversation with the "proletarians"?
(The face “turned gently purple” - “purple took on a somewhat grayish tint” - “his purple became yellow”, he “barked”)
- What did the author want to emphasize?
(Irritation. He is infuriated by the lack of elementary common sense, reference to dubious authorities).
- What do you think, maybe life in 7 rooms is really an unaffordable luxury?
(We listen to the opinion of the students. No, this is not a luxury - this is a normal condition of a person's life. It is interesting that the purpose of the rooms is rational. This has evolved over the centuries and has even become entrenched in the language: a bedroom, a dining room, a nursery, an office ..)
(Working with text) ch. 3 . From the beginning to the words "filled with liquid saliva"
From the words "We ask from plates" to "do not read Soviet newspapers"
Derzhavin's lines immediately come to mind:
Crimson ham, green cabbage soup with yolk,
Blush-yellow cake, white cheese, red crayfish,
What pitch, amber, caviar ...
And lines from "Eugene Onegin" by Pushkin:
And Strasbourg's imperishable pie
Between live Limburg cheese
And golden pineapple.
Why are associations not random?
(The culture of food consumption is rooted in our
history)
- How does this description help to understand the image of Professor Preobrazhensky?
(The culture of life is an important component of the common human
Czech culture. Comparing Preobrazhensky and Shariko-
wow, the reader immediately highlights the superiority of man, “the ability
the one who is there").
III . The role of minor characters in revealing the image of the hero – 10 min.
(We listen to the student’s answer on an individual advanced task: “The role of images of servants in revealing the character of Professor Preobrazhensky”).
In Soviet Russia, the work of servants was considered slave work, degrading the dignity of a person. But Bulgakov proves the opposite: any work, if it is done responsibly and with soul, is necessary and will be appreciated. The professor himself, treating his servants with respect and trust, does not humiliate, but, on the contrary, makes them feel their need, significance, even involvement in the professor's life.
Antithesis again: Sharikov's attitude towards Zina and Darya Petrovna.
(We listen to the student's answer on the individual anticipatory task about the role of Dr. Bormental in revealing the image of the professor.)
We conclude about the role of secondary characters in revealing the image of the protagonist: portrait, interior, everyday life, secondary characters - everything indicates that Philip Philippovich Preobrazhensky is a self-confident, worthy, intelligent person with a high culture.
IV . The role of the image in revealing the idea of the work – 15 minutes.
- What is the purpose of the professor's life? (Listen to student responses.)
The purpose of his life is to serve science. For this, he decided to experiment on humanizing the dog. But this “new man” appears in Sharikov’s apartment, and ruin immediately begins, as, indeed, everywhere: in the house, in the country.
In the early 1930s, Valery Yazvitsky's one-act play “Who is to blame” (“Devastation”) was staged at the Moscow Workshop of Communist Drama, where the main character is an ancient crooked old woman in tatters named Devastation. Soviet propaganda sought to make a mythical elusive villain out of ruin, trying to hide that its root cause was the policy of the Bolsheviks, war communism, when people, having no incentive to work, stopped working honestly and efficiently.
- How does Preobrazhensky propose to get rid of the devastation? (To restore order in the country, when everyone should mind their own business, be responsible for their work)
The revolution gave birth to "new people" who destroyed the old world, a great culture, armed with one right - to take everything and share it. But the goal of the revolution is to improve the lives of ordinary people, to transform the world.
Wishing to improve human nature, Preobrazhensky created a monster who easily accepted proletarian ideas. The operation to transplant the pituitary gland humanizes the dog within a week, the “humanization operation” of shvonders lasted longer, but the result is essentially the same. These people have only external human features, insufficient for the definition of "human" to be applicable to them. Millions of shvonders and ball boys were inspired with a terrible thought: to become the master of life, you do not need to work hard, make efforts, educate yourself, it is enough that you are a “proletarian”.
Watching an excerpt from the film - a fragment from chapter 8 - a conversation between the professor and Dr. Bormenthal about the result of the experiment. - 5 minutes.
What conclusion does the professor come to after his experiment?
(The collapse of such experiments is inevitable, because it is impossible to “humanize” something that has ceased to be a person, having lost the spiritual, moral and ethical basis on which relations between society and the individual are built. That is why the experiment with humanizing the dog failed in the same way as the tragic communist Experiment Time has shown how right Bulgakov was in his insights.
- Does the writer condemn the professor for this experiment?
(Working with text) - epilogue “The gray harmonies of the pipes warmed ...
- What does the author call the professor? (Supreme being, almighty man, gray-haired wizard).
- What conclusion can be drawn?
(In the story, the professor manages to return everything to normal: the evil boor Sharikov again becomes a kind and affectionate dog. It is a pity that in real life it is impossible to turn back time.)
v. Summary of the lesson.
The image of Professor Preobrazhensky is the main image, comprehending which one can understand the ideological concept of the writer. This is one of the most vivid, memorable images created by Bulgakov. The skill of the author manifested itself in the ability to use various methods and techniques in creating the image of his hero.
VI. Homework - 1-2 min.
The talented writer in the images he created expresses thoughts that excite not only his contemporaries, but also his descendants. Experiments to create a new man continue in the twentiethIcentury. Now scientists are trying to clone people. I propose to answer the following question in writing:
“What did the Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov warn mankind about when he created the image of Professor Preobrazhensky?”
VII . Grading and commenting on lesson grades - 2 minutes.
Philip Philippovich Preobrazhensky is one of the main and main characters of the work "Heart of a Dog". He can be described as a gifted genius and a capable scientist. The professor is the son of a bishop, an aristocrat, a lonely and hardworking person, he used to work at the department at the university. He believes that there should be no devastation in the world. people need to go about their business by profession. Preobrazhensky cannot accept the new way of life, so he treats people from the new government, gaining independence and money.
Philipp Philippovich prefers to wear black suits made of English castor, gold chains, and a black-brown fox fur coat. He has employees with whom he has good-natured and humane relations. He is not a young man. Preobrazhensky lives in seven rooms in spacious, comfortable apartments. He is very smart, witty, erudite, there are many sayings in his speech.
He hates rudeness, excessive self-confidence, arrogance of ordinary people. He thinks they should be cleaning sheds, not running the country.
Preobrazhensky performs rare, expensive rejuvenation surgeries for aging men and women who do not want to come to terms with the laws of nature. Deciding to conduct an experiment on a stray dog named Sharik, changing his heart to a human heart, he gets an alcoholic and parasite Sharikov. After a while after the operation, he realizes that he has changed the laws of nature, which he does by no means. Sharikov, seizing power, almost throws his creator into the street. However, thanks to connections, the professor is saved from the power of Sharikov.
Preobrazhensky, carried away by his experiment, did not notice that he had created a representative of that power that he could not stand. As a result, the Sharkovs advanced to the highest strata of power and began to decide the fate of people, to engage in the country's foreign policy. Realizing his terrible mistake, Preobrazhensky, together with Bormental, decide to put Sharikov to sleep by a reverse operation, returning Sharik to his original appearance.
Essay about Professor Preobrazhensky
Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky is one of the main characters in M. A. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog". This is a sixty-year-old scientist, an outstanding surgeon of world renown, an intelligent, intelligent, calm, ironic person, who, by the will of fate, was forced to live in post-revolutionary Moscow in the early twenties of the last century.
At that time, life in the country was defined by one capacious word "devastation". It was customary to write off all the difficulties and troubles on it. Unlike the others, Professor Preobrazhensky does not consider devastation an external factor. He claims that the devastation is in the minds of people. That devastation occurs where people stop doing their direct duties. Where they crap in their own home and steal from themselves. Philip Philipovich, to put it mildly, does not approve of the revolution, which brought devastation to people's heads. He frankly admits that he does not love the proletariat. And he advises his colleague Dr. Bormental not to read Soviet newspapers in order to feel good.
Professor Preobrazhensky lives in an apartment of seven rooms and would like to have an eighth room, because he believes that a person needs normal conditions for life and work. He keeps a maid and does not understand why, with the coming to power of the proletariat, heating disappeared from the apartments, and flowers and carpets from the entrance. And is it necessary to dirty the marble stairs with dirty feet?
But the main problem of Philip Philipovich was the creation of his own scientific experiment - the dog Sharik, who turned into a man as a result of the professor's operation. Solving the problems of rejuvenating the body and prolonging human life, he transplants the human pituitary gland into a stray dog. What he got as a result of this experiment made the professor's life truly unbearable. The "new man" turned out to be a boor, an alcoholic, a demagogue and a scoundrel. Can a smart, educated, intelligent person get along under the same roof with this monster? Of course not. In the book, everything ends well - the professor removes Sharikov's human pituitary gland, and he again turns into a cute dog. Everything happens differently in life.
The image of Professor Preobrazhensky is a symbol of the Russian intelligentsia, which is the first to yearn for renewal, shouting everywhere and everywhere “You can’t live like this!”, And when revolutionary changes come, the first one falls under this “skating rink” and suffers from the demons it has caused. Whether Bulgakov realized it with his mind or felt it intuitively, but in the image of Professor Preobrazhensky he managed to create the most accurate symbol of the Russian intellectual and embody in him all the tragedy of an intelligent person forced to live in a society ruled by "shvonders"
Sample 3
This is the way I admire. Of course, I will try to be objective, but the professor, in my opinion, simply cannot but command at least respect.
This is the image of the sage and the creator. It is clear that he considers Sharikov his mistake, but he corrects it with brilliance. Preobrazhensky, clearly, a man of age, with experience. He is so intelligent, wise! It seems to be opposed to everything that is happening in the country. Yes, that is right! He has the courage to directly answer the Bolsheviks (usually uneducated and rude) that he needs more rooms, that he is not going to rent to "starving children". He has his own views, he certainly does not succumb to the influence of the masses. The crowd, I think, he despises. This is evidenced by his behavior, reasoning. Preobrazhensky retains the old order, but not out of senile fear of change, but precisely because of wisdom, because he observes his own interests. And in general, he is a man of action! And he works - helps people, and conducts scientific work, and knows how to have a pleasant rest (at the opera), he even dine tastefully - not on the run.
He just contrasts with everyone. The same Berlioz is still young and too hot. It is good that the student listens attentively to his teacher.
You need to find flaws in the image ... The professor is not very emotional. In a moment of horror and disappointment in his creation, he faints - leaves reality, count. But he is not a girl to show emotions ... But the point is that since he hides them a little, this can lead to heart problems. He also has no personal life! No family, children, grandchildren. But he chose science, that's clear. Although, perhaps, sometimes he regrets that, besides that same Ivan Arnoldovich, there are no relatives. Perhaps he recalls some love of youth. But Bulgakov does not particularly develop this theme.
These are quite forgivable shortcomings ... One of the main advantages of Philip Preobrazhensky is, in my opinion, humanism. Philip Philipovich boldly speaks about the inadmissibility of physical punishment for either people or animals. He tries to find a common language with everyone, even with the Polygraph! Although in the end it is necessary to apply more severe methods to him, since he does not understand the other. I think many share my opinion.
Essay 4
In the work "Heart of a Dog" everything takes place in Moscow. It vividly and succinctly describes the life of that time when the proletariat was just beginning to emerge, the power is with the people, but few people know how to apply it correctly. The main character is a real professional in his field, Candidate of Medical Sciences Philip Preobrazhensky. He recently turned sixty years old. And although during this time he could be replaced by other doctors, but until this happens, he will continue to work. Yes, and such doctors as our main character have not yet been born.
He lives with servants in a house with seven rooms. More than anything, he wants to build or buy a house with eight rooms, but so far he cannot do this, but that's all, because he is constantly busy at work. And this is a completely normal desire. After all, he not only lives here, but also works. During the day, Philip tries to see as many patients as possible and help them. But at night he reads medical textbooks and always learns something new and previously unknown. He always devotes more time to his patients and does not pay attention to himself at all. It is better that he accept as many patients as possible, and then he will eat or rest, because for him the main thing is patients. In addition, he is not at all accustomed to good conditions and may well stay overnight in the hospital. Sometimes he has to carry out very complex operations, which not every surgeon will undertake.
He also wants to learn as much as possible about longevity and he tries to come up with something new so that people stop dying and live happily ever after. And he transfers all his study to the operation, which he performs on a dog named Sharik. He decides to transplant a human pituitary gland to him and then control what happens next. It turns out that this pituitary gland was obtained from a drinking and vagrant person. And soon the experience was a failure. And all because the patient became a drinking, uncontrollable person, and the doctor had a lot of problems with him. And then he decided to turn him into a dog again.
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- Composition based on the work of Yushka Platonov (reasoning)
The story "Yushka" is the story of the life of a man who knew how to love those around him selflessly and disinterestedly. He gave this love all of himself, completely dissolving in it. But it is also a story about the imperfection of this world.
- Heroes of the work Paustovsky's Telegram
Ekaterina Petrovna is an elderly woman who lives completely alone, Nastya's mother. Her father was an artist, but has already died. She lived in Paris and saw the funeral of Victor Hugo.
New Year is also very loved by children and even by many adults. On this day, everyone feels the approach of a miracle
“... The one who is in no hurry anywhere succeeds everywhere. Of course, if I started jumping around meetings and singing all day long, like a nightingale, instead of going about my direct business, I would not be in time anywhere ... "
Professor Preobrazhensky is one of the main characters in Bulgakov's novel Heart of a Dog.
This article presents a quotation image and characterization of Professor Preobrazhensky in the story "Heart of a Dog", a description of the appearance and character of the hero in quotations.
Professor Preobrazhensky in the story "Heart of a Dog": image and characteristics
PROTOTYPES: Several real doctors are named as prototypes of the literary character of Professor Preobrazhensky. This, in particular, Bulgakov's uncle - gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky, surgeon Sergei Voronov, doctor Alexei Zamkov, biologist Ilya Ivanov. In addition, a number of well-known contemporaries of the author, the scientist Bekhterev, the physiologist Pavlov, and even the founder of the Soviet state, Lenin, are called as prototypes. The opinion about Bekhterev, Pavlov and Lenin as prototypes of the protagonist is disputed by the Bulgakov scholar A.N. Varlamov, raising the typology of Professor Preobrazhensky to the literary type of Dr. Dmitry Startsev - Chekhov's Ionych, the character of the story of the same name. Literary critic Sergei Borovikov believes that Bulgakov put his own ideas into Preobrazhensky's mouth: Philippi prof. Preobrazhensky is the credo of Bulgakov himself, with seven rooms, with "Aida", hot appetizers for vodka, French wine after dinner, and so on. Aleksey Varlamov agrees with him in the sense that Bulgakov himself suffered from the lack of normal housing, and this was expressed in Preobrazhensky's claims to live and work in appropriate conditions.Professor Preobrazhensky in the course of an experiment turns a stray dog Sharik into a human citizen Sharikov. The story takes place in Moscow in 1924.
The full name of the hero is Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky:
"... I wish you good health, Philipp Philippovich..."
"... Are you kidding me, Professor Preobrazhensky?.."
The age of Professor Preobrazhensky is 60 years old:
"... I'm 60 years old, I can give you advice..."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a world-famous surgeon:
"...Philip Philippovich, you are a value of world significance..."
"...if you weren't a European luminary..."
".. "He has no equal in Europe ... By God!" Bormental thought vaguely ... "
"...Prof. Preobrazhensky, you are the creator..."
Philip Preobrazhensky - an outstanding personality and a great scientist:
".."but the personality is outstanding.."
"... You are a great scientist, that's what! - Said Bormental ..."
"... Do you really think that it is because of money that I produce them? After all, I am a scientist after all..."
The appearance of Professor Preobrazhensky:"... gentleman, with a French pointed beard and gray mustaches, fluffy and dashing, like those of French knights, but the smell of a blizzard from him flies bad, like a hospital. And a cigar ..."
"... in front of a mirror on the wall, he straightened his fluffy mustache ..."
"...Kick me with your felt boots, I won't say a word..."
"... helped to take off a heavy fur coat on a black-brown fox with a bluish spark..."
"... After taking off his fur coat, he found himself in a black suit of English cloth, and on his stomach a golden chain sparkled joyfully and dimly..."
"... eyes shining like the golden rims of his glasses watched this procedure..."
"...The nostrils of his hawk nose flared..."
"...His hawkish nostrils flared..."
"... His trimmed gray hair was hidden under a white cap..."
"...Philip Philippovich spread his short fingers wide..."
"...Philip Philippovich's face became terrible. He bared his porcelain and gold crowns..."
"... laughed so hard that a golden picket fence sparkled in his mouth..."
"... a heavy thought tormented his scientist with bleeps on his forehead ..." (bleeps - bald patches)
"...Philip Philippovich was in his azure dressing gown and red shoes..." (at home)
"... He came out in the well-known azure robe..."
"...kissed his fluffy, highly smoky mustache..."
"...Preobrazhensky patted his neck, which was steep and prone to paralysis..."
The professor is a wealthy man:
"...However, apparently, chickens do not peck money with him anyway ..."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a hardworking person:
"... Doors opened, faces changed, instruments rattled in the closet, and Philipp Philippovich worked tirelessly..."
"...After all, for five years I have been sitting, picking out appendages from the brains ... You know what work I have done - it is incomprehensible to the mind ..."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a smart and self-confident person:
"... After that we had a conference with Philipp Philippovich. For the first time, I must confess, I saw this confident and amazingly intelligent man confused..."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a lonely man:
"...In fact, I'm so lonely..."
"... The former imperious and energetic Philip Philipovich, full of dignity, appeared before the night guests ..." Professor Preobrazhensky is a man of character:
".."This is a guy, - the dog thought in delight, - all in me. Oh, he's nibbling them now, oh, he's nibbling. I don't know yet - in what way, but he's nibbling like that ... "
Professor Preobrazhensky is a hot-tempered person:
"... said Philipp Philippovich, - my dear, I sometimes yell at you during operations. Forgive the old man's temper ..."
Professor Preobrazhensky is a man of his word:
"... I never speak to the wind, you know that very well..."
The professor is an honest person. He does not leave his colleagues in trouble:
"... to leave a colleague in the event of a disaster, but to jump out on a global scale yourself, I'm sorry ..."
Philip Preobrazhensky is a law-abiding citizen:
"...Never commit a crime, no matter who it is directed against. Live to old age with clean hands..."
Preobrazhensky is familiar with important officials:
"... if you were not a European luminary, and you would not be interceded for in the most outrageous way<...>faces that I'm sure we'll explain later, you should have been arrested..."
The professor is a man of facts and observation:
"... My dear, you know me? Don't you? I am a man of facts, a man of observation. I am an enemy of unfounded hypotheses. And this is very well known not only in Russia, but also in Europe. If I say something, it means that there is a certain fact at the basis from which I draw a conclusion ... "
Philip Preobrazhensky is a sane and experienced person:
"... there is no such counter-revolution in my words. There is common sense and life experience in them ..."
The professor does not like to fuss and rush:
“... The one who is in no hurry anywhere is in time everywhere,” the owner explained instructively. “Of course, if I started jumping around meetings and singing all day like a nightingale, instead of doing my direct business, I ripe..."
According to the professor himself, he does not like violence towards people and animals:
“... You can’t fight anyone,” Philipp Philippovich was worried, “remember this once and for all. You can only act on a person and an animal by suggestion ...”
Professor Preobrazhensky does not like the proletariat (employees):
“.. – You are a hater of the proletariat!” the woman said proudly.
"Yes, I don't like the proletariat," Philipp Philippovich agreed sadly..."
It is known that the professor loves the opera "Aida" by Verdi:
"... today in the big -" Aida ". And I haven't heard for a long time. I love ... Remember? Duet ... tari-ra-rim ..."
Philip Philippovich Preobrazhensky loves to sing songs:
(for example, "From Seville to Grenada" and "To the banks of the sacred Nile")
"... examined, squinted and sang: "To the banks of the sacred Nile ..."
"... Singing as usual, he asked: "What are we going to do now?" And he himself answered literally like this: “Moskvoshveya, yes ... From Seville to Grenada ...".."
The professor is a hardened scientist. He is always researching something.
"... An important person plunged his hands in slippery gloves into a vessel, took out brains - a stubborn man, persistent, he always achieved something, cut, examined, squinted and sang..."
