How was Oblomov's childhood? "analyze Oblomov's dream" in the work. give a link to the essay
For most people, the warmest and most pleasant memories are sometimes associated with childhood and adolescence. At this time, a person learns to hold a spoon himself, tie shoes, read, write, learns a lot about the world around, tries to communicate with others. Parents explain to the child the concepts of good and evil, morality, conscience, blame or praise him. Thus, childhood and adolescence play an important role in the formation of a person's personality. It is during this period that spiritual values are laid, the first conscious desires appear, knowledge and communication experience are accumulated, on which the future life of a person depends.
A striking example of the influence of childhood on the formation of personality is the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The protagonist of the work is a lazy, apathetic nobleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.
He does not get out of bed for a long time in the morning, rarely goes outside, prefers to think a lot, but do little. Soon from the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" we understand that the origins of his inactivity, laziness, apathy originate in early childhood. Ilya Ilyich was a curious, intelligent child who wanted to know everything about the world that surrounded him, but the measured calm life of the inhabitants of Oblomovka turned out to be a disastrous environment for the formation and spiritual development of the individual.
"...Perhaps his childish mind had long ago decided that this is how, and not otherwise, one should live, as adults live around him. And how else would you order him to decide? .."
Andrei Stolz is a close friend of Oblomov. In the novel, he is opposed to Ilya Ilyich. Stoltz was brought up in a strict family, went through difficult times. He does not like to dream, thinks in moderation and does a lot, has a strong character, which makes him brave and courageous. All these qualities were brought up in Stolz by his parents, or rather, the environment in which he was in childhood. As a child, Andrei received a “labor, practical” upbringing, early began to help his father in his work, and studied hard and hard. “... At fourteen, fifteen years old, a boy often went alone, in a cart or on horseback, with a bag at the saddle, with instructions from his father to the city, and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, made a mistake .. ." Although Stolz's childhood was difficult, it influenced his personality in the best way, brought up in him such positive qualities as diligence, courage, self-confidence, discipline.
Childhood plays an important role in the formation of personality, since a person's adult life is largely determined by what he learned in the early stages of his development. Jan Amos Comenius said: “Only that in a person is strong and reliable that has been absorbed into his nature at the first time of his life.”
Text from the exam
(1) The strongest impression on me is made by dreams in which distant childhood rises and in an obscure fog, no longer existing faces rise, all the more dear, like everything irretrievably lost. (2) For a long time I cannot wake up from such a dream and for a long time I see alive those who have long been in the grave. (3) And what lovely, dear faces! (4) It seems that I would not give anything to even look at them from a distance, hear a familiar voice, shake their hands and once again return to the distant, distant past. (5) It begins to seem to me that these silent shadows require something from me. (6) After all, I owe so much to these people who are infinitely dear to me ...
(7) But in the rainbow perspective of childhood memories, not only people are alive, but also those inanimate objects that were somehow connected with the small life of a beginning little person. (8) And now I think about them, again experiencing the impressions and feelings of childhood.
(9) In these dumb participants in children's life, of course, a children's picture book always stands in the foreground ... (10) And this was that living thread that led out of the children's room and connected it to the rest of the world. (11) For me, until now, every children's book is something alive, because it awakens a child's soul, directs children's thoughts in a certain direction and makes a child's heart beat along with millions of other children's hearts. (12) A children's book is a spring sunbeam that makes the dormant forces of a child's soul awaken and causes the seeds thrown onto this grateful soil to grow. (13) Children, thanks to this book, merge into one huge spiritual family that knows no ethnographic and geographical boundaries.
(14) 3here I have to make a small digression specifically about modern children, who often have to observe complete disrespect for the book. (15) Disheveled bindings, traces of dirty fingers, folded corners of sheets, all kinds of scribbles in the margins - in a word, the result is a cripple book.
(16) It is difficult to understand the reasons for all this, and only one explanation can be admitted: today too many books are published, they are much cheaper and seem to have lost their real price among other household items. (17) Our generation, which remembers an expensive book, has retained a special respect for it as an object of a higher spiritual order, bearing the bright stamp of talent and holy labor.
(According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak)
Introduction
Childhood is the most reverent and magical time for a person. This bright time leaves an indelible imprint on all subsequent life. As a child, we strengthen in our minds the model of human behavior in the family, we absorb, like a sponge, the atmosphere created by our parents.
It is in childhood that the main life values are laid: we begin to appreciate what our relatives and friends valued, we have a negative attitude towards what mom and dad spoke with discontent about.
Problem
D. Mamin-Sibiryak raises the problem of childhood in his text. Memories of childhood, of the people who surrounded the hero in childhood, of objects so dear to the heart, fill the author's heart and make one think about the past.
Comment
The author often sees his long-gone childhood in a dream, where long-gone people are nearby, especially dear because of the impossibility of seeing them again in reality. The soul hurts more from the desire to talk to them, hug them, hear their native voice and see the faded faces.
Sometimes it seems that these people demand something from him, because it is impossible to make up for what the hero owes them.
In memory, not only relatives and friends emerge, but also childhood objects that were a constant companion of that time. First of all, I remember the book - bright, colorful, opening the whole beautiful huge world to the mind of the child, awakening the soul of a growing person.
The author complains that in the modern world, children have absolutely no such attitude towards the book. It is characterized by disrespect for her, a careless attitude. D. Mamin-Sibiryak is trying to understand the reasons for this, finding it in the fact that a children's book has become cheaper, more accessible, and therefore has lost its value.
Author's position
own position
From early childhood, it is worth teaching the baby and respect for the world around him: for nature, for animals, for toys and books. Otherwise, he will not be able to subsequently appreciate what brings him pleasure and benefit.
Argument #1
Speaking about the influence of childhood on the formation of a person’s character, it is worth recalling Ilya Ilyich Oblomov from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". There is a whole chapter in the work called "Oblomov's Dream", where the author presents us with the world that brought up Ilya Ilyich from the moment of birth to his student years.
Parents and nannies pleased him in everything, protected him from the outside world. The main value in Oblomovka was food and sleep. And having matured, the hero most of all in his life began to appreciate lying on the couch and the opportunity to eat deliciously.
Oblomov's friend, Andrei Stolz, was brought up in a completely different way. His family valued activity, practicality, and the ability to work. And he grew up just like that - a purposeful practitioner, not wasting a minute.
Argument #2
In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" can also be seen the influence of childhood on the development of the main character Katerina. Her childhood was bright and rosy. Her parents loved her and brought up in her a love of freedom and the ability to sacrifice everything for the sake of loved ones.
Having found herself after marriage in the Kabanov family, for the first time in her life she found herself in an unfriendly environment, in a place where personal freedom and freedom of expression of feelings were not perceived, where everything was done according to the rules of house building.
Katerina could not stand the oppression and died, throwing herself in despair into the river.
Conclusion
No matter how we feel at one time or another, no matter how we regret our own lives and are not disappointed in tomorrow, children should not feel and know all this. Be responsible to your children, teach them what will really be useful to them in life, which will help them adapt to the world in which they will have to live and raise their own children.
MOU "Secondary school No. 28"
Open Day
Literature lesson
Topic:
“We all come from childhood” (Analysis of the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)
Date: 15.11.2014
Grade: 10 B
Spent teacher
Russian language and literature:
Beskaeva E.A.
Saransk - 2014
Lesson type: art lesson.
Type of lesson: a lesson in in-depth work on the text of the work.
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (with elements of artistic reading, discussion).
The purpose of the lesson: analyze "Oblomov's Dream", identifying aspects of the life of the Oblomovites that influenced the formation of the character of the protagonist; through visual means to trace the formation of the character of the hero; understand the role of symbols; to master the ability to understand the character of a person in its connection with social and national characteristics.
Tasks:
1. Cognitive:
Recall with students the function of sleep in a work of art; give examples of previously studied works in which a dream was present.
To acquaint students with the compositional feature of using "Oblomov's Dream".
To identify the positive and negative features of the life of the Oblomovites, which influenced the character of Ilya Ilyich.
Reveal the role of images-symbols in the chapter.
To enrich the vocabulary of students and improve the skills of speech culture.
2. Developing:
To develop the ability of analytical work with the text of a work of art.
3. Educational:
Cultivate a sympathetic understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the individual.
Raising a love for literature lessons.
Raising interest in Russian traditions, features of the Russian national character.
Equipment:
The text of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", computer presentation, diagram, handout, text of the beginning of the novel with sentence numbering
DURING THE CLASSES
Teacher:
Today we will visit the "wonderful land, in a blessed corner", where Oblomov's dream will take us.
What will we discuss in class today?
( let's trace the formation of Oblomov, where the roots of laziness and apathy came from, let's think about the Russian character, about Russia and its fate.)
So, the topic of the lesson: "We all come from childhood" (Analysis of the chapter "Oblomov's Dream"). For the topic of the lesson, I chose the statement of the 19th century French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery.
Guys, what do you think: the statement reveals the main idea of chapter 9? Justify your point of view.
And the epigraph to the lesson will be the words of Oblomov himself “Who am I? Why am I like this? We will try to answer these questions by referring to Oblomov's childhood.
Teacher:
To reveal the character of his hero, the author chooses the motif of a dream. Let's hear what role the dream motif plays in a work of art.
(Message
Dreams have long been used in fiction to create a mysterious atmosphere, to motivate the actions of characters, to convey their emotional state (psychologism). Since the time of ancient Russian literature, dreams have warned of dangers, served as signs, helped, instructed, gave rest, and at the same time tempted, tested, put before a choice. Dreams perform retrospective and prognostic functions, participate in the creation of the chronotope of the work. They absorb all three tenses: they show pictures of the past, present and future, thereby pushing the spatio-temporal boundaries of the text. Dreams can serve as a memory function. Thus, dreams in works of fiction are polyfunctional.
Teacher :
Let's remember in which works we studied earlier there was a dream?
(A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" - Tatyana's dream; in: A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Petrusha Grinev's dream; in: "Ballads" by V. Zhukovsky.
And what, in your opinion, is the function of sleep in these works, why do the authors use them?
1. Sleep - as a revelation of the spiritual state of the hero, a means of psychological analysis.
2. Sleep - like an idyll, a dream.
3. Sleep - as a prediction of the future.
Which of the following functions does sleep perform in the work of I.A. Goncharova?
1. Sleep - revealing the spiritual state of the hero, while it acquires a special symbolic meaning: sleep is a symbol of the whole life position of the hero, his spiritual sleep.
2. Dream - shows the hero's dream, but its paradox is that it is directed not to the future, but to the past.
Who tells us the dream?
(The dream is narrated by the narrator. It is as if he is outside the depicted world of Oblomovka. Behind what has been said, certain assessments and attitudes towards what the hero sees are guessed.)
The hero dreams of Oblomovka, in his dream it is created emphaticallyidyllic image.
Vocabulary work:
What is an idyll?
(The image of a peaceful rural life against the backdrop of beautiful nature. 3. peaceful, happy existence. (S.I. Ozhegov. Dictionary of the Russian language).)
The genre of the chapter is close to a folk fairy tale, in which the world rests unshakably on good, and, of course,idyll. The genre of this chapter can also be attributed to the genre of idyll.
What do you think are the features of an idyllic world?
( The main features of the idyllic world:
-perfect scenery
- unity of man and nature
- closed space
- uncertainty of time
-mythical character
-plotlessness
- conflict-free.
Teacher: What is the composition of the chapter?
The entire text can be divided into three main parts:
1) the first two paragraphs (a wonderful corner);
2) from the 5th to the 17th sentences - a picture of wild nature;
3) the last paragraph (a peaceful corner). The greater middle part can also be subdivided into more small, related to the main images of the text: a person, mo rhemes, mountains and abysses.
The composition of the text is based on opposition and dacies. Wonderland is contrasted with wild nature; her opposed to man. Image of the wildest nature based on gradation - strengthening the impression of something without gradation worthless, terrible, hostile to man. Human condition in the face of wild nature is also conveyed with the help of gradation: first it is said that a person becomes sad when view of the sea, and gradually comes to the conclusion that he is completely disappears against the backdrop of a majestic picture, even the sky recede moose from people. This reinforces the impression of loneliness, nothing the identity and helplessness of man in the face of wild nature.
The beginning and end of the passage, as it were, close the circle, framing central part. This frame carries the main idea: emphasize the blessings of the world in which the oblos live movtsy.
chapter 9 plan.
1. Landscape of Oblomovka.
2. Description of the seasons.
3. Natural phenomena.
4. Description of the village.
5. Ideas about the world.
6. What disrupts the usual course of life (death is a rarity, the blacksmith Taras is mad, a strange man in a ditch).
7. Morning of little Ilyusha.
8. Ravine.
9. The child runs away from the nanny. Observations (dark - light, shadows).
10. Home life.
11. Afternoon sleep is like death.
12. Dreams about the future of Ilyusha.
13. Tales.
14. Signs.
15. The teachings of Ilyusha.
16. Rites. Norm of life. (Christening, name day, wedding)
17. "Labor" (gallery, fence).
18. Receiving guests.
19. Evening conversations. (Memories, interpretation of dreams, signs).
20. Story with a letter.
21. Teaching, dreams of a certificate.
22. Snowball fight.
Teacher: So, we find ourselves in a “blessed corner” ... (student reading the beginning of the chapter)
"Where are we? To what blessed corner of the earth did Oblomov's dream take us? What a wonderful land! No, really, there is a sea, there are no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy ...
The sky there, it seems, presses closer to the earth, but not in order to throw stronger arrows, but only to hug her tighter, with love: it spreads so low overhead, like a parent’s reliable roof, to protect, it seems, the chosen one corner from any misfortune.
The sun shines brightly and hotly there for about half a year and then does not move away from there suddenly, as if unwillingly, as if turning back to look once or twice at a favorite place and give it in the fall, in the midst of bad weather, a clear, warm day.
The mountains there seem to be only models of those terrible mountains erected somewhere, which terrify the imagination. This is a series of gentle hills from which it is customary to ride, frolicking, on the back or sitting on them, contemplating the setting sun.
The river runs merrily, frolicking and playing; it either spills into a wide pond, or strives for a quick , or subsides, as if in thought, and crawls a little over the pebbles, releasing frisky streams from itself on the sides, under the murmur of which it sweetly slumbers.
The whole corner of fifteen or twenty versts around presented a series of picturesque sketches, cheerful, smiling landscapes. The sandy and gently sloping banks of a bright river, a small bush creeping up from the hill to the water, a twisted ravine with a stream at the bottom, and a birch grove - everything seemed to be deliberately tidied up one to one and masterfully drawn.
Exhausted by worries or not at all familiar with them, the heart asks to hide in this corner forgotten by everyone and live in happiness unknown to anyone. Everything promises there a calm, long-term life to the yellowness of the hair and an imperceptible, sleep-like death.
Teacher: What means of expression does Goncharov use when describing the “wonderful land”?(blessed corner; wonderful land; favorite place; picturesque sketches; cheerful, smiling landscapes, everything is quiet and sleepy, etc.
TEACHER
Why Goncharov to oppose a peaceful corner (Oblomovka)chooses the sea, mountains, abysses?
The sea, mountains and abysses are the favorite images of romance. classical literature associated in romanticism with such concepts mi, as eternal restlessness, struggle, a constant desire for freedom, to overcome everyday life. Contrasting these images of a peaceful corner, Goncharov enhances the impression of 06 as if from a closed, quiet, blessed world, where peace reigns, and at the same time, as it were, emphasizes its own literary position: the rejection of romanticism as a method depicted eating something unusual, exceptional, far from the usual venous life.
Teacher: And here we are in Oblomovka ... Who inhabits the "wonderful land" in this description? (peasants )
What details of peasant life appeared in the text?(Spring, preparing a peasant for work, waiting and greeting rain. Cows, chickens, sheep walk through the fields and the village)
As the isolation of Oblomovka from the rest of the world is shown, the perception of the rest of the space by the Oblomovites as alien and fantastic
Why were the Oblomovites wary of the man in the ditch?
(An outsider has invaded their closed world, they are afraid.
a stranger came, a letter,);
Determine the role of symbolic images in describing the way of life of the Oblomovites
What is the magical power? (dream)
What is the law in this world (idleness);
The main concern of the Oblomovites? Find in the text.
(kitchen and food), food care, supplies)
Teacher:
What was the main occupation of the Oblomovites?
Find a description of the pie, the "ritual" of making and eating it.
With the help of what artistic means does the writer poetize such a physiological state of a person.
Prove that the image of the pie has a symbolic meaning.
(Individual task "For bot about food was and the first and most important concern in Oblomovka. What calves fattened there for the annual holidays! What a bird was brought up! How many subtle considerations, how many occupations and worries in courting her! Turkeys and chickens assigned to name days and other solemn days were fattened with nuts; geese were deprived of exercise, forced to hang motionless in a bag a few days before the holiday, so that they swam with fat. What stocks were there of jams, pickles, biscuits! What honeys, what kvass were brewed, what pies were baked in Oblomovka!”
On Sundays and holidays, these industrious ants did not let up either: then the knock of knives in the kitchen was heard more often and stronger; the woman made several trips from the barn to the kitchen with double the amount of flour and eggs; there was more groaning and bloodshed in the poultry yard. They baked a gigantic cake, which the gentlemen themselves ate the next day; on the third and fourth days, the remains entered the girl's room; the pie survived until Friday, so that one completely stale end, without any filling, went, in the form of a special favor, to Antipas, who, crossing himself, undauntedly destroyed this curious fossil with a crash, enjoying more the consciousness that this was the master's pie than the pie itself, like an archaeologist who enjoys drinking rubbish wine from a shard of some thousand-year-old crockery.
Teacher:
A real cult of pie reigns in Oblomovka. Making a huge muffin and filling it with it resembles a kind of sacred ceremony, performed strictly according to the calendar, from week to week, from year to year.
Let's remember thatpie in the popular worldview - one of the most obviouscharacters happy, abundant, blessed life. A pie is a “mountain feast”, a cornucopia, the pinnacle of universal fun and contentment. Feasting, festive people gather around the pie. Warmth and fragrance emanate from the cake; pie - central andmost archaic symbol of popular utopia. Oblomovka is a forgotten, miraculously surviving "blissful corner" - a fragment of Eden. To the inhabitants herebroke off eat up an archaeological fragment-a piece of a once huge pie.The very word "pie" is consonant with the word "feast". It's a holidaynew feast dish. And indeed, "feast" is a centa real event of every day for the Oblomovites; they spendtheir life is not in labor, they consider labor a punishment, but in feasts, for their life is harmowhere both the physical and spiritual principles are inextricably merged.
vocabulary work :
Eden -paradise, place of abundance
Teacher:
Note the features of the image of space and time in the episode "Oblomov's Dream"
Find a description of the flow of time in Oblomovka.
« Everything promises a calm, long-term life to the yellowness of the hair and an imperceptible, sleep-like death.
Correctly and imperturbably, the yearly cycle takes place there.
According to the calendar, spring will come in March. Winter will endure the character until the indicated time of warmth. In November, snow and frost begin. Summer is especially intoxicating in that region. Then the time will come for rituals, feasts, and finally a wedding; the whole pathos of life was concentrated on this.
Then repetitions began: the birth of children, ceremonies, feasts, until the funeral changed the scenery; but not for long: some faces yield to others, children become youths and at the same time suitors, marry, produce their own kind - and so life according to this program stretches out in an uninterrupted monotonous fabric, imperceptibly breaking off at the very grave.
Teacher:
Cmrub inOblomovka is perceived as a natural transitionfrom one kind of sleep to another - eternal sleep.
We depicted the sleepy realm of Oblomovka in the form of a vicious circle; Oblomov's life in St. Petersburg on Gorokhovaya appeared to us as a vicious circle. There is a certain pattern in this.
What words are repeated most often? Why?
The most common words are "silence, sleep, peace." A picture of a leisurely, unhurried, lazy life is created. Time seems to slow down. The author conveys the joy of a measured life, the enjoyment of it. In an atmosphere of bliss, little Ilyusha grows.
Teacher:
What can be the conclusion?
(Conclusion: no one seeks to leave this world, because it is alien, hostile. They are quite satisfied with their life-being. Love, birth, marriage, death, this life circle is unchanged, like the seasons. Calendar, ritual cycle - age-old folk traditions) .
Teacher:
There are a lot of symbolic images in this chapter. Decipher the symbolic meaning of the ravine.
(When Ilyusha ran away from the nanny, he wanted to “get into the birch forest and the dovecote” and watch the insects. Here, the curiosity inherent in any child is manifested.
“He wants to run into the ravine; the child ran to the edge, closed his eyes, wanted to look, as if into the crater of a volcano ... but suddenly all the rumors and legends about this ravine rose before him: he was seized with horror, and he is neither dead nor alive, trembling with fear, rushes to the nanny " .
Teacher:
The ravine is unfamiliar, dangerous. The story about the monster in the ravine (“there, they say, there are goblin, and robbers, and terrible animals”) is conveyed by the author comically. The comparison “like in a volcano crater” frightens Ilyusha, for him this is an unknown world, and he recalls all the superstitions he heard from adults.
Teacher:
Part of the chapter is like a fairy tale.
Why does a fairy tale play such an important role in Oblomovka?
(Fairy tales: they promise mountains of gold, they talk about an unknown country where rivers of honey and milk flow, where no one does anything. A good sorceress chooses her favorite - quiet and harmless (lazy), whom everyone offends, and showers him with good.).
What are Oblomov's favorite fairy tale characters?
What meaning is revealed when the image of Oblomov is brought closer to the folklore images of Emelya and Ilya Muromets?
Teacher:
What are the customs, rituals of the Oblomovites. Find in the text.
(« Our poor ancestors lived by touch, naively marveling at everything. Death happened to them from a dead man taken out of the house before with his head, and not with his feet from the gate; fire - from the fact that the dog howled three nights under the window. They believed both werewolves and the dead. They will tell them that a haystack was walking around under the window - they will not hesitate and believe. Strong faith in the miraculous in Oblomovka.
Teacher:
Conclusion: All life consists of ritual holidays. This testifies to the mythological consciousness of people. What is natural for others is mysterious, sacred here. A special attitude to the time of day is also mythological: the evening time is dangerous, the afternoon has powerful power. The sky presses against the earth - a reproduction of the myth of the marriage of earth and sky.)
Teacher:
What is the central image in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" that unites all its fragments?
(The image of the mother (as mother woman and mother nature) unites all the elements of the chapter and creates the image of the native space, where everything is warmed by maternal love, care, where everything lives according to the laws of following the traditions of the fathers. “The norm of life was prepared and taught to Oblomov by the parents, and they accepted it, also ready, from grandfather, and grandfather from great-grandfather... And so the river of life flowed, in laziness, apathy.
What are the parents of Ilya Ilyich doing? (reading student)
How do parents treat Ilyusha? What about those around you? Read out.
Teacher:
Another important moment in the life of Oblomovites. What is the attitude of the Oblomovites towards education and books?
Oblomovites are ignorant, superstitious people.
No one bothered with mental labor. The book was seen as a thing intended for entertainment. « Oblomovs understood the benefits of enlightenment, but only external . They still had a vague and distant idea of the inner need for teaching. They dreamed of getting around the stones and obstacles secretly scattered along the path of enlightenment, without bothering to jump over them, that is, learning lightly, not to the point of exhausting the soul and body.
Goncharov resorts to paraphrase so that the reader comprehends what he heard and understands the author's attitude to what was said.
Teacher:
Do adult Oblomovites understand the need for enlightenment?
(The old people - yes, but only the external side. They had a very vague idea of \u200b\u200bthe internal need for education. They only need some brilliant advantages for Ilyusha).
Teacher:
Who and how opposes the influence of Oblomovka on the teenager Ilya?
(Stoltz, who received a practical labor education).
Was the new influence successful?
(No. “Today you won’t go - Thursday is a holiday, is it worth it to go back and forth.” “Today is not up to learning, parental week.” “Something your eyes are not fresh today. Sit at home this week”).
Is there a fairy tale in this passage?
( No. Change the style of the story.This part is more suitable for Stolz's view, which, according to the author, should resist Oblomov's dream, debunk Ilya's fabulous consciousness, make it modern).
(Why does the scene end with a fun snowball fight?
(Oblomov subconsciously craves activity).
Teacher:
What is the meaning of the hero's last name?
Let's pay attention to the semantic load of the hero's name: Ilya Ilyich is a sign of the repetition of his father, his life. The surname also helps to reveal the character. It has a common root with the old Russian word "oblo" - circle, wheel (hence, "cloud", "region"). It is the circle that is associated with Ilya Ilyich. His life goes on in a closed cycle, that is, in a circle, without noticeable forward movement.
Such a meaning is quite consistent with the soft-round man Oblomov and his round, peacefully blissful patrimony. Although in the literature about Goncharov there are other opinions about the origin of the surname of the protagonist of the novel "Oblomov" - from another archaic word "Oblomon", which means sleep. But even more clearly in the name of Ilya Ilyich comes through the meaning of the FRAGRANCE. According to researchers of Goncharov's work, Oblomov's existence is a fragment of a once full and inclusive life, it is a fragment of Eden as symbol happy, abundant, blessed life. This is also a fragment of the old, patriarchal way of Russian life, poeticized by Goncharov. The name of the protagonist of the novel also contains the meaning of a fragment of serfdom, because the novel was created in the post-reform era and was its bright, brilliant embodiment.
Teacher:
Thus, Oblomovka in the mind of the hero acquires the features of an absolute ideal, Oblomovka is a utopian dream.
So, the moral ideal of Oblomov is an integral harmonious personality, the social ideal is a patriarchal unchanging Russia. This explains the poetization of the patriarchal way of life.
Teacher:
Let's return to the topic of the lesson "We all come from childhood." The relevance of the novel. « A significant part of Oblomov sits in each of us. Is it true?
STUDENT
Individual task
The view of the modern reader on the novel as a whole and, in particular, on the episode
It only seems that only in a blessed corner ke of the land where Oblomov's dream took us, "happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise, sure that all others live in exactly the same way and that to live otherwise it is a sin." In reality, such happiness is a dream of the kingdom ("Just like a lump of dough, curled up and lying") - the secret dream of more than one Oblomov and not the prerogative of only gone into distant history XIX century.
If you look around, then without much difficulty you can see next to you not one, not a hundred, not a thousand people whose fairy tale is mixed with life, and they unconsciously sad: "why is a fairy tale not life, but life not a fairy tale "; who through the centuries and generations in the minds of a sword the kind to take a walk, "where there are no worries and sorrows"; who has left the location to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made, unearned dress and eat at the expense of a good sorceress; who, not in a dream, but in reality, has an idle imagination drawing there is an unknown side, "where there are no nights, no cold, where miracles happen all the time, where rivers of honey and milk flow, where no one does anything all year round, and day-to-day they only know that they are walking ... "
"To this day, Russian people among the surrounding country goy, devoid of fiction loves to believe in reality seductive tales of antiquity, and for a long time, maybe perhaps he has not yet renounced this faith" - this Goncharov writes in Oblomov, presumably, about his time, and we only repeat after him, noting tea is the same already in its own, XXI century.
No, no matter what anyone says, but the life position, according to which the ideal of life is at rest and inaction, not formed yesterday rushed, not tomorrow will die. And the best confirmation of this thoughts in Goncharov's novel is the episode with the collapse of part of the gallery. Born a writer two centuries ago ass, he is still almost every day almost unchanged present in television news broadcasts dachas. And we're like genuine bummers tsy, we look and gasp, we wonder, we are horrified and reproach each other, and sometimes we even get angry. Well, exactly like in Oblomov's dream, only we have it all in reality.
Let's compare: the Oblomovites from Goncharov's novel "Another life and did not want, and did not love. They would be sorry if circumstances brought changes in their way of life, whatever they were. They would be bitten by longing if tomorrow were not like today, and the day after tomorrow like tomorrow.
And now look around you and see how it is already modern the exchanged Oblomovites are sincerely perplexed: "Why do they need diversity, change, accidents that you ask are there others? Let others disentangle this cup, and they, the Oblomovites, have nothing to do with it. Let others live as they want. "Roman Goncharova makes you think about the active life position of a person, his citizenship.
This is the talent of the true reader: capabilities today hear in a classic work written at a completely different time about other people yah, thoughts not only about the past, but directly related to you and your life.
Otherwise, what would be the point of the current debate about the nature and essence of the reforms of Ivan the Terrible, Peter I , Stolypin, Gorbachev, and others. These reformers were driven by the idea of violating the eternal holiday of Oblomovka, in which “work is carried off the shoulders like a yoke”, to change the belief that the main advantage of the Russian national character is gentleness, delicacy, indulgence, allowing you to break the custom, not to obey charter.
To current readers, and above all to her young parts themselves will have to answer many questions: “To How do you have to live to get at least a drop of Che fishing joy?
Lying on the couch all your life doing nothing? Or proceed from the fact that a person was created for business, and not for lying on the native Russian stove?
Praise your own benefit above all else? Or proceed from the fact that there are other values in the world?
To be in a happy state of "I don't know anything" and "...our name is legion"? Or be receptive to everything what do the world and people around you offer?”
These questions are read in the novel Yves on Goncharov's "Oblomov", written in 1858 - the floor torus centuries ago.
And each of us must draw the right conclusion after reading the novel.
Teacher:
Let's summarize the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" and return to the epigraph of the lesson. Let's make a conclusion. What is an Oblomovka?
Oblomovka is a micromodel of Russian life in general. This is a world in which people with a pure childlike soul are brought up, like Ilya Ilyich. BUT the other side of this phenomenon is that a person remains a child until the end of his days ( infantilism*) . Eden becomes the beginning of the death of man.
Vocabulary work:
infantilism - childishness, underdevelopment, childishness, childishness
Teacher:
What character traits did Ilya Ilyich develop under the influence of Oblomovka's way of life? (answers)
Positive features
Kindness
philanthropy
Honesty
conscientiousness
Kindheartedness
"columbine simplicity
The ability to feel beauty
Self-criticism
The ability to self-blame
Unwillingness to be humiliated by fuss (career, money, fame)
Striving for harmony in the soul
Negative Traits
Apathy
Inability to overcome difficulties
lack of will
indecisiveness
inertia
Lord's arrogance
Hope for "maybe"
Passivity
selfishness
empty daydreaming
Teacher:
What is the key to the character of the hero, proposed by the author? Human traits are formed in childhood. Oblomov's pure, tender soul, his "pigeon" meekness originates in Oblomovka. But laziness and helplessness are also from there. That is why this key chapter of the novel is so important to us. Through the image of Oblomov, the Russian character is shown. Russia is shown through Oblomovka. And it is bitter to admit that this is the fate of Russia.
What is Russian laziness? Each of you will answer this question in your own way.
Is the image of Oblomov, his native village, satirical or nostalgic? Both. I.A. Goncharov in his essay "At Home" admitted: "I wrote my life."
Today we made a virtual journey with Oblomov to his childhood, examined the hero in order to understand "why he is like that." There is a lot of attractiveness in him: he is charming, kind, soft, poetic, able to think. But he turned out to be unprepared for life: he was not taught to work, to act independently, his vivid imagination and curiosity were not encouraged. And as a result, a decent, intelligent person turned into a parody of a person, and his name became a household name.
And today's conversation is valuable for you and as for future parents. Oblomov is an example of how not to educate. Goncharov wrote:“And the child watched everything and watched everything with his child, nothingmindless". Remember: "There would be no need for another model when the example of a father is in the eyes." Everything starts from childhood.
Homework.
1. Answer in writing the question: “What is the meaning of the main character’s last name?” , proving one of your chosen points of view:
a) Oblo - rounded (when you lie down, you swim around)
b) Oblomov - a man broken off by life
c) from a "fragment" - a piece of the deceased patriarchal way of life).
2. Select material on the topic "Olga Ilyinskaya and Oblomov"
In the work "Oblomov" Goncharov touches on the topic of common vices inherent in society in any era: laziness, indifference, unwillingness to change fate for the better.
The author describes Oblomov's childhood in detail so that the reader can understand the reasons that influenced the formation of his weak-willed character. Indecision made him a failure. The writer suggests that such behavior will not lead to a happy and fulfilling life.
Guardianship of relatives
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent a carefree childhood in the village of Oblomovka. In the family estate, he lived not only with his mother and father. In addition to servants, many relatives lived there.
"He's pretty, chubby. Such round cheeks.
Was the only child in the family. The household fed the little boy with all sorts of sweets.
“The whole retinue of the house picked up Ilyushka in their arms, began to shower with praise and affection. He barely had time to wipe the traces of uninvited kisses.
Before the youngest Oblomov had time to wake up, the nanny rushed to him to help him get up and get dressed. Further, the mother hurried to her beloved son from the next room. The woman gave the boy tenderness, excessive care.
“She examined him with a greedy look, checked if her eyes were cloudy, wondered if something hurt.”
The boy understood that all his whims were instantly fulfilled. He turned into the same lazy, indifferent to all manifestations of human life, like those around him. If he tried to do something on his own, then those close to him suppressed all his aspirations.
“As soon as Ilya wants something, he just blinks - three or four lackeys rush to fulfill his desires.”
It was turned into an exotic plant, slowly growing in a greenhouse.
"All manifestations of activity and strength turned inward and withered away."
Sometimes the boy was overcome by an irresistible desire to run away from home, to lose the care of each of the household members. As soon as he went down the stairs, or ran out into the yard, several people were already rushing after him with shouts and prohibitions.
Agility and curiosity
Little Ilya grew up as an active child. When he saw that the adults were busy, he instantly tried to hide from their care.
“He passionately wanted to run up to the gallery surrounding the house to look at the river from a height.”
They caught up with him, and he again tried to slip away to the dovecote, into the ravine, or into the birch forest, where goblin and werewolves could be found. That's what the nurse said. It happened that she spent the whole day in turmoil and running after her pupil.
Oblomov grew up inquisitive.
“He will calm down, sit down near the nanny, look at everything so intently. He observes all the phenomena that take place before him.
He asks her why there is light and darkness, notices that a shadow forms on the ground from a horse harnessed to the reins, compares the sizes, realizing that the barrel is many times larger than the lackey carrying it on a cart.
Going out for a walk outside the yard, while the governess is hiding in the cold, the kid is closely watching the beetles, catching dragonflies, putting them on a straw. He will jump into the ditch, begin to peel the roots, eat them instead of sweet apples.
“Not a single trifle, not a single feature escapes the attention of a child. A picture of domestic life cuts into the soul, imbues the child's mind with examples, unconsciously imposes the program of the child's fate on the life that surrounds him.
The habits of parents and relatives who shaped the character of little Ilya.
In the Oblomov estate, it was believed that the craft did not ennoble a person at all.
“Ilya’s relatives endured labor as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, but they could not love.”
The boy's father preferred only to observe the servants and relatives, ask them about their activities, give instructions. Mother could talk for hours with the lackeys, the tenants of the house. She loved to be in the garden, to watch how the fruits are poured.
"The main concern of the family was the kitchen and dinner."
Everyone gathered together, vigorously discussing the preparation of dishes. This was followed by rest. “The house is quiet. It's time for an afternoon nap." A similar state took possession of everyone. Snoring and snoring could be heard from all corners of the house.
“Ilyusha watched everything.
Rarely does anyone raise their head, look senselessly, turn over in surprise on the other side, spit awake, slurp their lips, fall asleep again. At this time, adults did not care at all that little Ilya could be left completely unattended.
His relatives were always in a carefree mood, they did not strive to improve their life, but rejoiced at what was sent to them. Their lives flowed like a quiet river. If something broke down in the house, collapsed, then rarely was the breakdown repaired. It was easier for people to talk about christenings, weddings, beliefs associated with them. They discussed all kinds of recipes, went to visit, played cards. This lifestyle of loved ones left an indelible mark on the formation of the character and habits of the young Oblomov. Gradually, as the boy grew older, general laziness took possession of him.
Education
Parents believed that learning to read and write is a very exhausting and unnecessary activity. They wanted their son to get his diploma as quickly as possible, without putting much effort into it. At the age of thirteen, "father and mother sat down a spoiler for books." It cost them tears, whims and cries. He was sent to the village of Verkhlevo, to a boarding house.
The son did not have a special zeal for learning. When he came home, he tried, under any pretext, to stay on the estate as long as possible.
“Sad, he came to his mother. She knew why. She secretly sighed about being separated from him for a whole week.
His parents encouraged his every request. They were looking for an excuse for their weak-willed behavior. The reasons why the boy stayed at the manor were varied. The problem for them could be heat or cold, parental Saturday, a holiday, the upcoming preparation of pancakes. Mother and father did not think about the negative features of such an upbringing. Adult Ilya Oblomov will have to face the consequences of excessive parental love more than once.
Personal development begins in early childhood. It is at this time that the basic moral principles are laid down, the norms of communication and cultural characteristics are assimilated, which will guide an adult all his subsequent life. The way a person's character is formed in childhood is greatly influenced by his environment. Children form ideas about the ways of communicating with other people and their attitude to their own “I”, focusing on their loved ones and copying parental behaviors.
Where happy adults grow up
Happy adults grow up in happy families. Therefore, it is so important that the child feels the joy of childhood, receives enough love and attention from his relatives. The feeling of security, self-neediness, the constant care of father and mother affect the cognitive abilities of the baby, helping his personality to develop harmoniously. The problem of the role of childhood in a person's life and arguments in favor of the special influence of this period on success in adult life can be found in the works of famous psychologists: Carl Gustav Jung, Sigmund Freud,
Emotional development in early childhood is reflected in the ability to withstand stress, negative influences in the future, helps to learn how to adequately evaluate different people and be able to communicate with them. Based on his own and parental experience, the baby receives the concept of good and bad, forms an idea of family values. Growing up, happy children turn into successful and contented people who are able to take responsibility for their actions.
Problems of adults with difficult childhood
What happens to children who have had difficult childhoods? If the mother and father are not engaged in the upbringing and development of their child, do not pay due attention to each other and constantly quarrel, an adult who has grown up in such an environment develops distorted ideas about family values. They consider their behavior the only and natural norm. Due to the psychological phenomenon of “contagiousness of emotions”, if parents are torn between family and work, and at home they are in a constant depressed and gloomy mood, children “take over” their condition and begin to feel the same way.
Often, children who have experienced abuse from relatives, growing up, begin to “educate” their own children in the same way, not knowing a different attitude. Some psychologists believe it is caused by an unconscious desire to put oneself in the place of the aggressor, so as not to be a defenseless victim anymore.
How childhood difficulties affect character
People whose childhood was not happy often have many psychological problems that prevent them from living a full life. These problems make them perform inappropriate actions that are harmful to themselves and to others. If the parents did not take care of the child and did not instill moral guidelines, the adult will not have a clear system of values. He will not feel remorse when doing a "bad deed" and will not receive satisfaction from a good deed.
Of course, a “hard childhood” is not a sentence. Not necessarily a child, deprived of the love and attention of parents, grows up a criminal. But it is much more difficult for such people to understand their desires and motives, they often underestimate themselves and constantly feel unhappy, unworthy of a good relationship.
A book to help a child during a difficult period
Disbelief in one's own attractiveness forms such unpleasant character traits as deceit, greed, hypocrisy. Children who grew up without any care at all or with only one parent may envy the "happy children" from complete families. They do not know how to communicate and hardly make friends.
On the other hand, the ability to overcome difficulties can have a positive impact on the future life of the child. Those who are used to coping with difficulties, defending their point of view and learning to build relationships on their own often become successful in adulthood. Literary works can help children overcome difficult periods, understand complex moral issues and the actions of other people.
Discussion of the role of childhood in literature lessons
The behavior of book characters, the experiences associated with them, make it possible to feel in the place of another, to understand the motives for the actions of different people. Trying on all sorts of roles, the baby gets acquainted with a variety of moral systems, forms his own values and personality. By pronouncing the experiences and feelings associated with a particular character, the parent contributes to the emotional development of his child, teaching him to be kind, caring, attentive to the needs of other people.
To discuss the problem of the role of childhood in a person's life, arguments in favor of the influence of early years on the formation of personality, children can at school in literature lessons. This question is raised in many classical works. The topic for the essay "The role of childhood in a person's life" is found at the exam. To receive a high mark, students need to formulate their own point of view on the problem and justify it using their knowledge, personal experience and arguments from several literary works.
The role of childhood in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
To reveal the theme of education as a way of forming a personality, one should pay attention to the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The protagonist is a nobleman, he has been surrounded by the culture and life of the capital since childhood. Onegin's personality is extraordinary, therefore he does not feel satisfaction from secular life, although he was brought up among the noble intelligentsia. This contradictory state is manifested in the episode of the duel with Lensky, which leads the main character to the loss of the meaning of life.
Tatyana Larina, the heroine of the novel by A. S. Pushkin, received a completely different upbringing. Her personality was influenced by Russian culture and Western novels. She absorbed folk traditions through her environment, thanks to fairy tales and legends that her nanny told little Tanya. The childhood of the heroine passed among the beauties of Russian nature and folk rituals. The influence of the West reflects Pushkin's ideal of education: combining European education with the national traditions of Russia. That is why Tatyana stands out for her strong moral principles and strong character, which distinguishes her from the rest of the heroes of the novel "Eugene Onegin".
The question of the influence of education on character in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Schoolchildren can be recommended to take one of the works of L. N. Tolstoy as an example for writing. In the novel War and Peace, Peter Rostov, who inherited kindness and openness from his parents, shows his best qualities in his first and only battle, right before his death. Other heroes of the epic, Helen and Anatole Kuragin, who did not know the love of their parents and were brought up in a family where money was valued above all else, grow up as selfish and immoral people.
Goncharov: the problem of the role of childhood in human life, arguments. "Oblomov"
Writer I. A. Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov" focuses on the problem of the role of childhood in human life. The protagonist of the work, Ilya Oblomov, is completely unable to take care of himself, as he grew up in "greenhouse conditions". He does not complete any of his decisions and does not even try to start doing something, but only mentally imagines how good it will be in the end. His friend, the energetic and active Stolz, was taught by his parents to be independent from childhood. This hero is disciplined, hardworking and knows what he wants.
Impressions of childhood in the work of V. Soloukhin "The Third Hunt"
At a literature lesson, the teacher may offer to analyze an excerpt from the collection of the Soviet writer V. Soloukhin "The Third Hunt" to help students understand the problem of the role of childhood in human life. Arguments based on Soloukhin's text concern not only the formation of personality, but also the influence of childhood impressions on the fate of an adult, his connection with the Motherland. He colorfully illustrates his idea with detailed metaphors related to nature, and sketches from the life of Russian poets. The author argues that the foundation of personality is laid in childhood, and the memories and impressions of youth are always reflected in the future.
Education of the nobility in the "Undergrowth" by D. I. Fonvizin
The famous comedy by D. I. Fonvizin “Undergrowth” is also devoted to the problem of the role of childhood in human life. The author's arguments and reflections show what a strong influence his family has on the child's personality. The main character - Mitrofanushka, whose name has become a household name, adopts greed, cruelty and other vices of his mother. He received slavish inclinations from a serf nanny and the qualities of a tyrant from his own parents, which is reflected in his behavior and treatment of people. The image of Mitrofan indicates the decline of the noble society, caused by improper upbringing.
The Problem of the Role of Childhood in Human Life: Arguments from the Literature of Foreign Writers
The works of Charles Dickens, where the main characters are often people with a difficult childhood, are perfect for illustrating the problem of the influence of young years on the formation of personality. In the novel "David Copperfield", largely autobiographical, the writer portrays a man who remained good, despite the constant humiliation, difficulties and injustice of life. Little David constantly comes to the aid of ordinary people, which allows him to maintain faith in their sincerity. The boy himself learns to distinguish good from evil, to adequately evaluate himself. He has the ability to see the positive traits in every person.
Margaret Drabble's novel One Summer Season shows that childhood is not just a period limited to a certain age, it is also associated with psychological maturity. An adult is responsible for his decisions and actions, he understands the importance of mutual assistance and has worldly wisdom.
The role of childhood: arguments from journalism
In journalism, the problem of the role of childhood in a person's life is also often considered. Arguments for an essay on this topic can be taken from the article by A. Zamostyanov "Childhood and youth in the fate of Suvorov." In his work, the author says that the commander's personality was strongly influenced by his mother's stories about the famous military leaders of the past: Alexander the Great and Alexander Nevsky. The parent accompanied her story with the comment that the strength of a person is in the head, and not in the hands. It was after such stories that this sickly boy began to develop and temper himself, because he wanted to become a military man.
The period of childhood is very important for the full and harmonious development of the individual. It is the basis for an adequate perception of oneself and one's strengths, the world around and the further happy life of a person.
