Russian poets of the 19th century about the life of children. Presentation on the topic: "Poetry of the 19th century
The nineteenth century is called the golden age of Russian poetry. During this period, classicism, beloved by writers, was replaced by romanticism and sentimentalism. A little later, realism is born, gradually replacing the idealization of the world. It was in the nineteenth century that literature reached its peak, and the contribution made by the Russian poets of the nineteenth century is invaluable. The list of them is really great, among such famous names as Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Afanasy Fet, there are also little-known but talented Vladimir Raevsky, Sergey Durov and many, many others.
Nineteenth century in literature
The nineteenth century was far from being an easy period for Russia: a series of wars for trade routes swept through, Napoleon's military campaign began, followed by another war, All this became a huge upheaval for the country. Against the backdrop of such events, literature developed. The great Russian poets of the 19th century in their work wrote about love for the motherland, the beauty of Russia, the difficult fate of the common man and the idleness of noble life, they talked a lot about the place of a person in this world, about the opposition of the individual to society. Classicism created the image of romanticism elevated it above the dullness of life, sentimentalism surrounded the lyrical hero with stunning landscapes - the poetry of the early nineteenth century strove to idealize the world. They used a huge number of tropes, played with foreign words, perfected the rhyme - all to display the ideal. Later, realism began to appear, within which classical poets no longer shunned colloquial expressions, experiments with the form of a poem: the main task was to demonstrate reality with all its shortcomings. The nineteenth century is a century of contradictions, it surprisingly combined the ideality and imperfection of the world in which the poets lived.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769-1844)
Krylov laid the foundation for fables in Russian literature. His name is so strongly associated with this genre that it has become something like "Aesop's fables". Ivan Andreevich chose this form of lyrics, unusual for that time, to demonstrate the vices of society, showing them through the images of various animals. The fables are so simple and interesting that some of their lines have become popular expressions, and the variety of topics allows you to find a lesson for any occasion. Krylov was considered a role model by many Russian poets of the 19th century, the list of which would be far from complete without the great fabulist.
Ivan Zakharovich Surikov (1841-1880)
Nekrasov is most often associated with realism and the peasantry, and few people know that many other Russian poets sang of their people and their lives. Surikov's poems are distinguished by their melodiousness and simplicity. This is what allowed some of his works to be set to music. In some places, the poet deliberately uses words that are characteristic not of the lyricists, but of the peasants. The themes of his poems are close to every person, they are far from being as sublime as the idealized poetry of Pushkin, but at the same time they are in no way inferior to it. An amazing ability to demonstrate the life of ordinary people, show their feelings, talk about some everyday situations in such a way that the reader is immersed in the atmosphere of peasant life - these are the components of Ivan Surikov's lyrics.
Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-1875)
And in the famous family of Tolstoy were Russian poets of the 19th century. The list of eminent relatives was replenished by Alexei Tolstoy, who became famous for his historical plays, ballads and satirical poems. In his works there is love for his native land, the glorification of its beauty. A distinctive feature of the poems is their simplicity, which gives sincerity to the lyrics. The poet was inspired by the people, which is why there are so many references to historical themes and folklore in his work. But at the same time, Tolstoy shows the world in bright colors, admires every moment of life, trying to capture all the best feelings and emotions.
Pyotr Isaevich Weinberg (1831-1908)
Many poets in the nineteenth century were engaged in translating poetry from other languages, Weinberg was no exception. They say that if in prose the translator is a co-author, then in poetry he is a rival. Weinberg translated a huge number of poems from the German language. For the translation from the German drama "Mary Stuart" by Schiller, he was even awarded the prestigious Academy of Sciences Prize. In addition, this amazing poet worked on Goethe, Heine, Byron and many other eminent writers. Of course, it is difficult to call Weinberg an independent poet. But in his arrangement of verses, he retained all the features of the original author's lyrics, which allows us to speak of him as a truly poetically gifted person. The contribution that Russian poets of the 19th century made to the development of world literature and translations is invaluable. Their list would be incomplete without Weinberg.
Conclusion
Russian poets have always been an integral part of literature. But it was the nineteenth century that was especially rich in talented people, whose names forever entered the history of not only Russian, but also world poetry.
The Golden Age of Russian Poetry At the beginning of the 19th century, both classicism and sentimentalism coexist on equal terms in Russian poetry. But in the wake of the national-patriotic upsurge caused by the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian romanticism was born, and then realism. romanticismrealism
Great start. At the origins of Russian romanticism was V.A. Zhukovsky. He wrote elegies, messages, songs, ballads, ballads. According to Belinsky, he "enriched Russian poetry with deeply moral, truly human content." PushkinPushkin considered himself a student of Zhukovsky, highly appreciated "the captivating sweetness of his poetry."
civic passion. VK. Kuchelbecker Russian Decembrist poet, critic, translator. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he began his friendship with A.S. Pushkin, A.A. Delvig. The romantic poetry of Küchelbecker sang of freedom. The poet was worried about the fate of the Fatherland.
To F. Ryleev K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - Decembrist, wrote accusatory Decembrists, wrote accusatory and civil odes, political and civil odes, political elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. He saw poetry as a means of fighting for political freedom. The Decembrists started talking about the national character of literature, put forward the demand for nationality, extending it to themes, genres, and language.
Pleiades stars. A.A. Delvig The heroes of his songs are simple fellows and girls who suffer at will and happy love. N. M. Yazykov expressed the protest of free youth in elegies, songs, hymns. He glorified the heroic scope of forces, the enjoyment of youth and health.
P.A. Vyazemsky contributed to the fusion of civil and personal themes, explaining elegiac feelings by social causes. E.A. Baratynsky is the largest poet of Russian romanticism, the author of elegies, epistles, poems. Instead of illusions, he prefers calm and sober reflection. His poems are filled with philosophical meaning.
High Duma power M.Yu. Lermontov The poetic era, which Lermontov became the spokesman for, according to Belinsky, is distinguished by "disbelief in life and human feelings, with thirst and an excess of feelings." The lyrical hero openly opposes the hostile outside world.
Gifts of Life After Pushkin and Lermontov, original talents appear in Russian poetry - A. Pleshcheev, N. Ogaryov, Ap. Grigoriev, I am Polonsky, A. Tolstoy, I. Turgenev, A Maikov, N. Nekrasov. With their poetry they made the transition to realism. Their poems are imbued with sympathy for the poor man. A lyrical hero often becomes a man from the nobility or raznochintsy, who stood up for the people, the peasants.
genres of romanticism. Elegy - a poem of medium length, usually sad content, imbued with sadness. Elegy Ballad Ballad - a poem, which is most often based on a historical event, a folk legend with a tense plot. Fable Fable - a short moralizing poetic or prose story, to which there is an allegory, allegory.
At the beginning of the 19th century, both classicists and sentimentalists continued to create in Russian poetry, the most diverse phenomena coexist on equal terms. By the end of the 10s - the beginning of the 20s, on the wave of the national-patriotic upsurge caused by the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian romanticism was taking shape. Many Russian romantic poets were participants in the Patriotic War, they comprehended the soul of the people, their high morality, patriotism, selflessness and valor.
Great start. That is why Russian romanticism, initiated by V. A. Zhukovsky and K. N. Batyushkov, brought to the fore the interests of a free individual who was not satisfied with reality.
The pathos of Zhukovsky's poetry is the sovereignty of the inner, spiritual life of an independent and independent person. His hero is not satisfied with social, official morality, he is disappointed in it. He is repelled by indifference, self-interest, lust for power, vain earthly concerns.
Zhukovsky's merit is great in that, according to Belinsky, he enriched Russian poetry with deeply moral, truly human content.
Next to Zhukovsky in the history of Russian poetry is K. Batyushkov. The leading genres of his poetry were elegies, epistles, and later - historical elegies. The motto of K. Batyushkov’s work was the words: “And he lived exactly as he wrote ...” And the poet lived with a dream of a simple, modest and at the same time elegant, graceful and harmonious world, in which he lived open to nature, art, earthly joys and pleasures of a mentally healthy person. With the power of poetic fantasy, K. Batyushkov created an ideal being in visible images, in festive colors, in the energy of movement, in sounds caressing the ear. But Batyushkov's fictional harmonic world is fragile and fragile, so a person does not find harmony in real life with him.
And yet, noting the high achievements of the early Russian romantics, it must be admitted that the people's life, the spirit of the people were not fully comprehended by them, and they took only the first steps towards depicting the people's character.
A significant shift in the understanding of the people, their morality, and character traits in Russian poetry of the 19th century occurred thanks to the mighty talent of I. A. Krylov. He breathed new life into the genre of the fable associated with folk culture, elevated it to the rank of works of high literary merit. The fable written by Krylov contained a great philosophical, historical and moral content, filled with a deep and sharp meaning. In Krylov's fables, all the classes of Russia found a voice. That is why Gogol called his fables "the book of the wisdom of the people themselves." The great fabulist advanced the self-consciousness of the nation and enriched the literary language. After Krylov, all styles - "high", "medium" and "low" - had not yet united into an organic whole, but were already leaning towards it.
Civic Passion. P. A. Katenin is a talented Decembrist poet, playwright, and critic. He was one of the first to feel that the reflection of national life in poetry rests on the problem of language. His position was supported by V. K. Kuchelbecker, for whom the essence of romantic poetry consisted in a strong, free and inspired presentation of the feelings of the writer himself.
But the poet does not glorify any of his feelings, but one that is caused in him by the “feats of heroes”, the fate of the Fatherland. The early Russian romantics of the civil movement, the Decembrists, extended their views to all areas of the spiritual life of the then society, right down to private and family relations. KF Ryleev, the most prominent Decembrist poet, wrote accusatory and civil odes, political elegies and messages, thoughts and poems. The poet in the view of Ryleev considers poetry to be his life's work. The Decembrists, with unprecedented sharpness before them, spoke about the national character of literature, put forward the demand for nationality, extending it to themes, genres, language, and stood up for the ideological richness of Russian literature.
Sun of Russian poetry. The task of expressing national life, national character was solved by A. S. Pushkin. And this happened as a result of a fundamentally new attitude to the word. From this point of view, his verses are indicative:
Sad time! Oh charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the magnificent nature of wilting,
Forests clad in crimson and gold...
"Crimson" and "gold" - accurate, real, objective colors of autumn nature. At the same time, these are not only autumn colors, the usual colors, but also the colors of royal clothes, solemn attire and vestments. These are also emotional signs of “splendor”, which is especially bright and impressive in the declining years with its sudden and irresistible brilliance. The pathos of Pushkin's poetry, according to Belinsky, is "humanity that cherishes the soul." The focus on emotional experiences does not prevent Pushkin from including reflections on reality in the sphere of personal feelings.
In Boris Godunov, Pushkin switched to a historical point of view, which served as the basis of his realistic method. Initially, the realistic method wins in drama, poems, ballads and lyrics. The final and at the same time opening up new horizons of creativity was for Pushkin the novel "Eugene Onegin", in which realism triumphs. Pushkin was not only a great poet, but also the spiritual leader of a remarkable constellation of Russian lyricists... None of them repeated Pushkin, but they all united around him in one way or another. They had a lot in common. All the poets of the Pleiades experienced deep disappointment in reality, they were characterized by the pathos of individual freedom, they shared humane ideas about life.
Pleiades stars. Dreaming of a perfect man and a perfect society, A. A. Delvig turned to antiquity in order to embody his ideal of harmony between man and nature. Recreating it, he thought about Russia, about how ordinary young people and girls who became the heroes of his songs suffer and yearn for freedom and happy love.
N. M. Yazykov, not finding spiritual space in the official atmosphere of Russian life, expressed the natural protest of free youth in elegies, songs, hymns, glorifying Bacchic pleasures, the heroic scope of strength, the enjoyment of youth and health. P. A. Vyazemsky in his own way contributed to the merging of civil and personal themes, explaining elegiac feelings by social causes.
The poetry of thought also rose to a new level in the Pushkin era. Her success is associated with the name of E. A. Baratynsky - the greatest poet of Russian romanticism, the author of elegies, epistles, poems. Instead of illusions and "dreams", the poet prefers calm and sober reflection. Baratynsky's poems in an extremely pointed form captured the death of the noble impulses of the human heart, the withering of the soul, doomed to live in monotonous repetitions, and, as a result, the disappearance of art, which brings reason and beauty to the world.
High Duma power. The poetic epoch, which M. Yu. Lermontov spoke for, is distinguished, according to Belinsky, by "disbelief in life and human feelings, with a thirst for life and an excess of feelings." The central image of early Lermontov's lyrics becomes the image of a lyrical hero openly opposed to a hostile outside world. In mature lyrics, the objective, external world in relation to the hero begins to occupy an increasingly prominent place. In the poems, the exact everyday realities appear. In the last years of his work, Lermontov thinks about a way out of the tragic situation in which he himself and his entire generation found themselves.
prophetic soul. For Lermontov, the philosophical theme was not dominant. But the long-standing tradition of philosophical lyrics in Russia, mainly the poetry of thought, has not died. It was continued not only by Baratynsky, but also by the “wise-minded” poets D.V. Venevitinov, S.P. Shevyrev, A.S. Khomyakov. Their lyrics suffered from a certain rationality, since poetry was deprived of independent tasks and served as a means for conveying philosophical ideas. This significant shortcoming was decisively overcome by the brilliant Russian lyricist F. I. Tyutchev. The imagery of Tyutchev's poems contains philosophy. His method is based on the identity of the external and internal in nature and in man. He perceives nature as a whole: as an organism, as something alive, in perpetual motion.
The conjugation of the majestic-beautiful and the solemn-tragic gives Tyutchev's lyrics an unprecedented philosophical scale, enclosed in an extremely compressed form. Each poem draws an instant state, but is also addressed to the whole being, carefully preserves its image and meaning. Later, in the 50-70s, the principles of Tyutchev's poetics, with all their stability, were supplemented with new qualities. Tyutchev always felt uncomfortable and lonely in a modernity that did not satisfy him. He dreamed of a bright and intense spiritual life. Sympathizing with the sufferings of the Motherland with all his heart, Tyutchev summarizes his thoughts (“You cannot understand Russia with the mind ...”, “Russian Woman”, “Tears”). Tyutchev's love lyrics are experiencing a true flowering, in which the feeling of compassion for the beloved woman exceeds selfish desires and rises high above them ...
gifts of life. After Pushkin and Lermontov, Russian poetry seems to have froze, although original talents appear in it - A. Pleshcheev, P. Ogarev, An. Grigoriev, Ya. Polonsky, A. Tolstoy, I. Turgenev, A. Maikov, N. Nekrasov. Gradually, in response to the public upsurge, Russian poetry mastered contemporary life. A feature of the 50s was the deepening of realism. Moreover, the accuracy and at the same time the generalization of the expression concerned primarily the inner world of a person. The folk principle in Russian poetry also does not fade away. It lives in the poetry of N. Nekrasov, in the poems of F. Tyutchev, A. Fet, Ap. Grigoriev, Ya. Polonsky, A. Maykov, A. Tolstoy.
The desire to express the "inexpressible", to inspire the reader with the mood that has gripped the poet is one of the fundamental properties of A. Fet's poetry. He appeals to the sensual, emotional abilities of a person (“look”, “hear”) and activates them to the maximum. The poet appreciates sound and color, plasticity and aroma. But he imitates not sounds, not melodies, not rhythms, but the musical essence of the world. The central theme of the work of the poet and prominent critic An. Grigoriev was the conflict of a contemporary person with the prosaic world.
Genuine humanism permeated the work of the wonderful and subtle lyric poet Ya. P. Polonsky. The poet sympathizes with the poor man, carefully peers into his experiences, being able to convey them by hint, through random impressions and fragmentary memories. The heroes of Polonsky dream of bright love, simple happiness, they have an impulse to live a pure life, but they are shackled by conditions, environment ...
He does not see harmony in modern life and another poet - A. K. Tolstoy. He idealized Ancient Rus' of the times of Kyiv and Novgorod. Its main theme is nature and love. The best aspects of the Russian character merge in his poetry with boundless expanse (“You are my land, my dear land ...”), the true value of the national character manifests itself, in his opinion, spontaneously and freely (“If you love, then without reason ... ”), his ballads bear traces of stylization, but retain the legend of the plot, the fatal combination of circumstances, the intransigence of characters, leading to a bloody denouement (“Vasily Shibanov”, “Prince Mikhailo Repnin”).
The main lyrical hero of the poetry of A. N. Pleshcheev, N. P. Ogarev, N. A. Nekrasov becomes a man from the nobility or raznochintsy, who stood up to protect the people, the peasants. Let us recall Pleshcheev's poems “Forward! without fear and doubt ... "," In terms of feelings, we are brothers ... ", Ogareva -" Tavern "," Prisoner "and inescapably sad poems and poems by N. Nekrasov, I. Nikitin.
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Writers and poets of the 19th century 1. Aksakov S.T. 2. Ershov P.P. 3. Zhukovsky V.A. 4. Koltsov A.V. 5. Krylov I.A. 6. Lermontov M.Yu. 7. Marshak S.Ya. 8. Nekrasov N.A. 9. Nikitin I.S. 10. Prishvin M.M. 11. Pushkin A.S. 12. Tolstoy L.N. 13. Tolstoy A.K. 14. Tyutchev F.I. 15. Ushinsky K.D. 16. Fet A.A. 17. Chekhov A.P. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Sergei Trofimovich Aksakov Famous Russian writer. Born into a noble family of the famous family of Shimon. Love for nature - the future writer inherited from his father. Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect. His book "Family Chronicle" was continued in the "Childhood of Bagrov's grandson". Manor in Orenburg Museum Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov Born March 6, 1815 in the Tobolsk province in the family of an official. Russian poet, writer, playwright. He was the initiator of the creation of an amateur gymnasium theater. He was directing in the theatre. Wrote several plays for the theatre: Rural Holiday, Suvorov and the Stationmaster. Ershov became famous for his fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse" Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky Born on January 29 in the village of Mishenskoye, Tula province. Father, Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin, landowner, owner of the village. Mishensky; mother, Turkish Salha, came to Russia among the prisoners. At the age of 14, he was taken to Moscow and sent to the Noble boarding school. I lived and studied there for 3 years. Studied Russian and foreign literature. In 1812 he was in Borodino, wrote about the heroes of the battle. His books: A boy with a finger, There is no dearer native sky, Lark. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Alexey Vasilyevich Koltsov A.V. Koltsov is a Russian poet. Born October 15, 1809 in Voronezh, in a merchant family. The father was a merchant. Aleksey Koltsov penetrated from the inside into a variety of economic concerns of the villager: gardening and arable farming, cattle breeding and forestry. In the gifted, receptive nature of the boy, such a life brought up the breadth of the soul and the versatility of interests, direct knowledge of village life, peasant labor and folk culture. From the age of nine, Koltsov learned to read and write at home and showed such outstanding abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter the county school, bypassing the parish. He started writing at the age of 16. He wrote a lot about work, land, nature: Kosar, Harvest, etc. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region
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Ivan Andreevich Krylov I.A. Krylov is a great fabulist. Born February 2, 1769 in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the rank of officer only after thirteen years of military service. Krylov was 10 years old when his father died and he had to work. Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In St. Petersburg, in the Summer Garden, there is a bronze monument, where the fabulist is surrounded by animals. His works: Swan, Pike and Cancer. Chizh and Dove. A Crow and a fox. antique book Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region
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Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Arsenyeva. Lermontov's childhood passed in the estate of Arsenyeva "Tarkhany" in the Penza province. The boy received a metropolitan home education, from childhood he was fluent in French and German. In the summer of 1825, Lermontov's grandmother took him to the Caucasus; childhood impressions of the Caucasian nature and the life of the mountain peoples remained in his early work. Then the family moved to Moscow and Lermontov was enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he received a liberal arts education.
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Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak S.Ya. Marshak is a Russian poet. Born October 22, 1887 in Voronezh in the family of a factory technician, a talented inventor. At the age of 4 he wrote poetry himself. Good translator from English, Russian poet. Marshak was familiar with M. Gorky. He studied in England at the University of London. During the holidays, I traveled a lot on foot in England, listening to English folk songs. Even then he began to work on translations of English works. , Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet. He came from a noble, once rich family. Born November 22, 1821 in the Podolsk province. Nekrasov had 13 brothers and sisters. All the childhood and youth of the poet passed in the family estate of Nekrasov, the village of Greshnev, Yaroslavl province, on the banks of the Volga. He saw the hard work of people. They pulled barges across the water. He devoted many poems to the lives of people in Tsarist Russia: Green Noise, Nightingales, Peasant Children, Grandfather Mazai and Hares, Motherland, etc.
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Ivan Savvich Nikitin Russian poet, was born in Voronezh in the family of a wealthy merchant, owner of a candle factory. Nikitin studied at the theological school, at the seminary. He dreamed of graduating from the university, but the family went bankrupt. Ivan Savvich continued his education himself. He composed poems: Rus', Morning, Meeting of winter, Swallow's nest, Grandfather. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region Monument to Nikitin I.S.
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Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born on January 23, 1873 in the Oryol province near Yelets. Prishvin's father is from a native merchant family of the city of Yelets. Mikhail Mikhailovich is educated as an agronomist, writes a scientific book about potatoes. Later he leaves for the North to collect folklore from folk life. He loved nature very much. He knew well the life of the forest, its inhabitants. He knew how to convey his feelings to readers. He wrote: Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland! His books: Children and ducklings, Pantry of the sun, Calendar of nature, etc. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow. His father, Sergei Lvovich, came from a wealthy family, but little came to Pushkin from the estates of his ancestors (in the Nizhny Novgorod province). Pushkin spent his childhood in Moscow, leaving for the summer in the Zakharovo district, in the grandmother's estate near Moscow. In addition to Alexander, the Pushkins had children, the eldest daughter Olga and the youngest son Leo. Little Sasha grew up under the supervision of the nanny Arina Rodionovna. He loved nature and his homeland very much. He wrote many poems and fairy tales. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich is a great Russian writer. He wrote the first ABC for children and four Russian books for reading. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana and taught children himself. He worked hard and loved work. He himself plowed the land, mowed the grass, sewed boots, built huts. His works: Stories about children, Toddlers, Filipok, Shark, Kitten, Lion and dog, Swans, Old grandfather and granddaughters. House in Yasnaya Polyana Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region A.K. Tolstoy was born in St. Petersburg, and the future poet spent his childhood in Ukraine, on his uncle's estate. As a teenager, Tolstoy traveled abroad, to Germany and Italy. In 1834 Tolstoy was assigned as a "student" to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837 he served in the Russian mission in Germany, in 1840. received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court. In 1843 - the court rank of chamber junker. During Tolstoy's lifetime, the only collection of his poems was published (1867). Poems: The last snow is melting, Cranes, Forest Lake, autumn, etc.
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Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich - Russian poet, diplomat. Born on November 23, 1803 in the Oryol province in the village of Ovstug. I was educated at home as a child. His teacher was Semyon Yegorovich Raich, who instilled a love for nature. At the age of 15, Fedor Ivanovich was a student at Moscow University. He wrote a lot about Russian nature: Spring waters, In an enchanting winter, I love a thunderstorm in early May, Leaves, There are in the original autumn. On July 15, 1873, Tyutchev died in the royal village. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region Estate MuseumF. I. Tyutchev in the village of Ovstug.
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Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky was born on February 19, 1824 in Tula in the family of Dmitry Grigorievich Ushinsky, a retired officer, a small estate nobleman. The mother of Konstantin Dmitrievich - Lyubov Stepanovna died when he was 12 years old. Konstantin Dmitrievich was a teacher, he created books himself. He called them Children's World and Rodnoe Slovo. He taught me to love his native people and nature. His works: Learned Bear, Four Wishes, Geese and Cranes, Eagle, How a shirt grew in a field. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich - Russian lyric poet, translator. Born in the estate of Novoselki, Oryol province. Since childhood, he loved the poems of A.S. Pushkin. At the age of 14, he was taken to study in St. Petersburg. He showed his poems to Gogol. In 1840 the first book was printed. His poems: A wonderful picture, Swallows are gone, Spring rain. For the last 19 years of his life, he officially bore the surname Shenshin. Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Svetlana Alexandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Region Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is an outstanding Russian writer, playwright, doctor by profession. Born January 17, 1860 in Taganrog, Yekaterinoslav province. Anton's early childhood passed in endless church holidays, name days. On weekdays, after school, he guarded his father's shop, and at 5 in the morning he got up every day to sing in the church choir. First, Chekhov studied at the Greek school in Taganrog. At the age of 8, after two years of study, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium. In 1879 he graduated from the gymnasium in Taganrog. In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharyin and others. His works: Beloloby, Kashtanka, Spring, Spring waters, etc.
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Ministry of Health and Social Development
Volgograd State Medical University
Department of History and Cultural Studies
Abstract on the topic: "Russian poetry of the 19th century"
Completed: 1st year student of the Faculty of Dentistry
Gamayunova A.A.
Checked by: Bushlya A.A. Volgograd, 2015
Content
Introduction
1. Golden age of Russian poetry: general characteristics of the period
2. The golden age of Russian poetry: the main representatives
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
In the history of the thousand-year-old culture of Russia, the 19th century is called the "Golden Age" of Russian poetry and the century of Russian literature on a global scale. It was the rise of the Spirit, a cultural upsurge that can rightly be considered the great Russian Renaissance.
The 19th century fully expressed the synthesizing, philosophical-moral, conciliar-collective character of Russian culture, its patriotic-ideological character, without which it loses its ground and destiny. It manifests itself everywhere - from universal-cosmic quests to almost practical "instructions" for answering the age-old Russian questions: "Why? Who is to blame? What to do? And who are the judges?"
Literature in the 19th century is the most influential form of national culture. This is the time when its largest representatives created, who gave spiritual food to two centuries of all mankind! Thus, Paul Valéry called Russian literature of the 19th century one of the three greatest marvels of human culture.
Poets A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, K.N. Batyushkov, D.V. Davydov, F.N. Glinka, P.A. Katenin, V.F. Raevsky, K.F. .A. Bestuzhev, V.K.Kyukhelbeker, A.I. Odoevsky, P.A. Vyazemsky, A.A. .Venevitinov and others. Their poetry left a noticeable mark in Russian literature.
Thus, this topic is still quite relevant today.
1. Golden age of Russian poetry: general characteristics
The engine of the development of Russian literature of the nineteenth century, which continues to "work" to this day, was poetry.
The beginning of the "Golden Age" can be called 1808, because already in some of the first mature works of Zhukovsky, the individual intonation, so characteristic of poetry that has become "higher", is very clearly visible. In the early 1920s, Byron's influence was noticeable, and such a form of expression as a poetic story became popular.
What was the peculiarity of the Russian "golden age"?
Firstly, the breadth and grandeur of the tasks set for ourselves. Secondly, the high tragic tension of poetry and prose, their prophetic effort. Thirdly, the inimitable perfection of form.
Another feature of the "golden age": the tragic, prophetic tension of poetry and prose - even stronger than Alexander Pushkin himself, is expressed by his direct heirs. The poems of this time are very original, in contrast to what earlier previous eras borrowed more.
Most of what was written by our classics in the 19th century has long become a literary reader. Today it is impossible to imagine a person who would not know and read such a cult novel in Pushkin's verses as "Eugene Onegin" or Lermontov's great poems "Demon" and "Mtsyri". Dozens of poems memorized from the school bench still evoke feelings of warmth and joy in our hearts, these poems, just like many years ago, continue to breathe and live in our souls. They continue to warm us, give us hope, help us not to lose heart; they are always ready to be our guiding light.
"Golden age"...
