Artists of the Tretyakov Gallery list. Tretyakov Gallery: paintings with titles

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Every self-respecting world capital has its own art museum. Examples? Please! The Metro in New York, the Prado in Madrid, of course, the Louvre in Paris. In London there is a National, in Moscow - Tretyakov Gallery.

She is the pearl of the capital, one of her symbols with the real face of Russian art. Moreover, the Tretyakov Gallery houses the largest collection of Russian visual arts from the 11th and 21st centuries, from ancient icon painting to modern avant-garde.

Tourists from all over the world strive to discover this treasury of painting for themselves: if you haven’t been to the Tretyakov Gallery, you haven’t known the Russian soul!

Both those who are far from art and those who are ready to spend hours looking at great canvases, the play of light and shadow, brilliant stories and priceless icons come to its halls. And the Tretyakov Gallery for more than 160 years continues to stand on its four pillars: the preservation, research, presentation and popularization of Russian art.

How to get there, photo?

• Metro: Tretyakovskaya, Tretyakovskaya, Polyanka
• Official website: tretyakovgallery.ru
• Working mode:
  • Mon - Closed;
  • Tue, Wed, Sun 10:00 - 18:00;
  • Thu, Fri, Sat10:00 - 21:00
• Address: 119017, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10

Tickets, prices

You can buy tickets at ticket.tretyakovgallery.ru. Prices:

• Tretyakov Gallery
  • Adult — 500 rubles.
  • Preferential - 200 rubles.
  • Under 18s - Free
• Complex admission ticket(Lavrushinsky per., 10 and Crimean Val, 10)
  • Adult — 800 rubles.
  • Preferential - 300 rubles.
  • Under 18s - Free
• Complex entrance ticket (Lavrushinsky lane, 10 and Lavrushinsky lane, 12)
  • Adult — 800 rubles.
  • Preferential - 300 rubles.
  • Under 18s - Free

Free visit days

• 1st and 2nd Sunday of each month - for higher education students educational institutions RF upon presentation student card(“trainee student” is not suitable);
• for students of secondary and secondary special educational institutions (from 18 years old);
• every Saturday - for members large families(citizens of Russia and CIS countries);

To obtain a ticket, you must contact the box office and present the necessary documents.

Plan of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery

• First floor

• Second floor

Virtual tour of the Tretyakov Gallery

Founding father of the gallery

Without a doubt, without the merchant Pavel Tretyakov there would be no art gallery. It was to him that Moscow owes the opening of an art museum. But Pavel Mikhailovich had nothing to do with culture: his family was engaged in commerce, and he had no choice but to get involved in the business of his parents. The well-known merchant family Tretyakov continued, but the young manufacturer did not leave the thought of art either. At the age of 24, he acquired two oil paintings by artists V. Khudyakov and N. Schilder, which the public had not heard of. But today their names are known to connoisseurs and lovers of painting. From that moment, in 1856, the beginning of the Tretyakov collection and the future gallery was underway.

The merchant dreamed of opening a museum of Russian art. He studied the art market, and from the late 50s he acquired the best paintings.

Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector, but a man with broad cultural knowledge. Even the artists themselves called his instinct diabolical, and Tretyakov himself said that he worked exclusively for the Russian people. He did not miss exhibitions in the capitals, visited workshops and bought works of art even before they appeared on display. It was said that even the king, approaching the paintings that he liked, saw the sign “Purchased by P.M. Tretyakov.

The famous philanthropist and collector not only collected paintings outstanding artists, but also supported beginners, promoted their creativity. Through the efforts of Pavel Mikhailovich, many geniuses of painting became known late XIX century.

It is known that he was especially interested in the Wanderers: his house was even called that - the house of the Wanderers. Actually, some of the modern painters, for example, I. Kramskoy, lived within its walls. It is his brush that belongs famous portrait Tretyakov himself. He literally saved A. Savrasov from poverty. However, buying up the paintings that he liked, Tretyakov did not let many artists sink into obscurity and poverty. And he continued to acquire paintings by V. Perov, I. Shishkin and others, which have become their most famous today.

The collection of V. Vereshchagin became an expensive acquisition for the gallery. Behind oriental flavor in the paintings and sketches that captured Turkestan, the patron laid out 92 thousand rubles. Truly, Tretyakov managed to collect a unique collection of portraits. He had to persuade some heroes personally, as happened with Leo Tolstoy. The philanthropist specially ordered portraits of those who glorified Russia to the artists. Images of great composers, writers and musicians: Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolai Nekrasov, Mikhail Mussorgsky settled in the gallery forever.

Connoisseurs separately talk about the portrait of Maria Lopukhina by master V. Borovikovsky, and call it the pearl of the collection. It was Tretyakov who managed to put an end to the rumors associated with this "bad" picture. After he acquired the work for his collection, the portrait began to be spoken of as a harbinger of the imminent death of every young girl who looked at him. The fact is that bad reputation reached out for all the images of the unhappy and short life Mary, for the most part, because of her father, a mystic and Freemason.

Portrait of Maria Lopukhina. Creator Borovikovsky Vladimir

But under the order of Tretyakov, the artists painted not only portraits. True landscapes of Russian life, historical sketches were also a collector's passion. It is quite possible that neither contemporaries nor descendants would ever have seen the painting “Hymn of the Pythagoreans” if the patron had not ordered this now famous painting by F.A. Bronnikov.

"Hymn of the Pythagoreans rising sun» 1869 Oil on canvas 99.7 x 161. F.A. Bronnikov.

The picture adorned the living room of the Tretyakov estate, and was a favorite work of art by the wife of an art connoisseur, Vera Nikolaevna. She supported her husband in avoiding excesses, despite the wealth. After all, by sacrificing luxury, it was possible to save money in favor of acquiring works of art. And, relying on his taste and predilections, Tretyakov continued to replenish the collection. By the opening of the city gallery, the collection was already impressive: sculptures, more than 1200 Russian paintings and more than 80 foreign ones, five hundred drawings.

P. M. Tretyakov decided to donate the fruits of his many years of work to Moscow in 1892. This is how the first public art museum appeared.

He was in Tretyakov's own estate. The collection expanded, and the mansion grew with it. Four times during the life of the patron, the family nest was upset, new walls were needed for a rich exposition. Of course, a worker of art, but first and foremost a merchant, Tretyakov imagined what difficulties descendants could expect in maintaining such a large fund and replenishing the collection. Therefore, he bequeathed 275 thousand rubles for the repair and purchase of new masterpieces. In addition, he presented a truly priceless collection of ancient Russian icons. Well, during his lifetime, he permanently held the post of manager of the gallery.

After the death of Pavel Tretyakov, the good deed of creating the museum was picked up by other philanthropists who were not indifferent to the fate of Russian art. And each of them remembered that the founding father of the gallery saw it not as a simple repository of works of art, but precisely those samples that would convey the very essence of the Russian soul. Since then, the Tretyakov Gallery - main museum national art Russia.

"Tretyakovka" without Tretyakov

The bequeathed capital was sufficient to maintain the gallery. What was missing were rooms to house the collection. The merchant estate of the Tretyakovs was rebuilt, overgrown with outbuildings. Already in the early nineties famous artist Viktor Vasnetsov developed the sketches, according to which a unique facade appeared - now it is the emblem of the museum. The neo-Russian style only emphasizes that here the Russian spirit and smells of Russia.

Whole Soviet period The Tretyakov Gallery changed names, types of property, trustees, but invariably expanded and replenished.

Under the direction of the architect Igor Grabar, the exposition began to be formed chronologically. The so-called European type. But the main thing is that the State Art Fund appeared, and the collection continued to grow, including at the expense of exhibits confiscated from rich private collections. The museum's collection consisted of about 4,000 exhibits. The so-called "Schusev" period was famous for the expansion of not only the funds, but also the walls: the Tretyakov Gallery passed another former merchant's estate. She housed the scientific departments, it kept graphics, as well as a library. The book fund of the Tretyakov Gallery can be considered a real asset: it contains more than 200 thousand publications about art and its trends.

The fatal forties made their adjustments to the life of the gallery. The museums of the capital were being prepared for evacuation, and the Tretyakov Gallery was no exception. Her funds were taken out for more than a year. Priceless canvases were cut out of frames, shifted with sheets of paper, closed in waterproof boxes and evacuated. 17 wagons delivered the exhibits to the capital of Siberia. But the building of the Tretyakov Gallery, nothing could hide from the bombing.

But still, post-war life turned out to be eventful. When life entered a peaceful course, and the paintings returned to their native walls, the administration and cultural workers began to prepare for the 100th anniversary of the museum.

New works of art were acquired, among which were paintings by Savrasov, Petrov-Vodkin, Vrubel. It became clear that the existing space was sorely lacking, because in 1956, the anniversary year for the gallery, there were more than 35,000 items of cultural value!

The issue of expansion was inherited by all the authorities of the USSR. This is how the depository and the new engineering building appeared. Under director Yu.K. To the Queen, the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi entered the museum, and the main building itself was closed for reconstruction. Grew up and collection: state procurements by 1975, the funds were expanded to 55,000 paintings and sculptures.

By the mid-1990s, in spite of any unrest, the Gallery grew into 10 halls at once. There are exhibitions of sculptures from the Middle Ages to the present day, entire rooms have been dedicated to individual paintings. In addition, the expansion of the area made it possible to increase the expositions themselves.

Today, the Tretyakov Gallery has more than 170,000 exhibits, among which ancient Russian icons and the Russian avant-garde are of particular pride.

The collection of works by the Wanderers is considered one of the most complete, and the Russian painting presented in the museum, starting from the 12th century, is unique both in content and content.

The best exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery

Perhaps what is worth talking about right away is the collection of ancient Russian painting. It is based on more than 50 icons collected from all over Rus' and once kept in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. Artworks spiritual art date back to the 12th-13th centuries. and present the best examples of icon painting. In the Tretyakov Gallery, a mosaic from the destroyed during Soviet power Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv. And even if visitors have never heard of the Greek and Dionysius, Andrei Rublev's name should be familiar. His icons belong to world spiritual art.

Andrei Rublev. Painting "Holy Trinity".

Religious themes, however, are not limited to the collection of icons. The painting by A. Ivanov with the plot of the appearance of Christ to the people has become one of the most significant in early XIX century. For two decades, the artist worked on a grandiose canvas in Italy, and today a work of art has been allocated separate room so that the viewers fully feel the spirituality and search of the author. Visitors can remember their emotions, and only carry away images in memory, since cameras are not allowed in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Ivanov, The Appearance of Christ to the People.

The gallery also has a truly unique painting - an image of Count Golovkin by the first professional Russian artist. Ivan Nikitin was the favorite of Peter I, who was the first to send young talents to study abroad. The reformer wanted Russian painters not to be inferior in skill to European ones. That is why I. Nikitin went to study in Europe and honed his artistic craft at the Florentine Academy.

The work of the first graduates of the Academy of Arts is also worth attention. To be convinced of the gift of portrait painters, you just need to look at the paintings of F. Rokotov and A. Losenko.

The most complete in the Tretyakov Gallery are the "heroes" of Russian painting I. Repin, V. Surikov and V. Vasnetsov. Pavel Tretyakov revered these masters especially, because in their works they conveyed the spirit of the country, dramatic events Russian history and rich folklore of Rus'. A whole scattering of masterpieces awaits visitors to the gallery.

Picture Three heroes. Viktor Vasnetsov.

But with the picture where Ivan the Terrible kills his son, it is truly connected dramatic story. In 1913, a vandal cut the canvas in such a way that the restorers had to draw faces almost in a new way. At that time, the keeper of the Gallery was E. M. Khruslov, who was so worried about the incident that he threw himself under a steam locomotive.

Painting Ivan the Terrible kills his son

P. M. Tretyakov was known for his love of landscapes, their truth and poetry of life. And especially for the patron best artists they painted pictures that, although made to order, are not devoid of soul. Among the best landscape painters in the Tretyakov Gallery are F. Vasiliev, A. Kuindzhi, A. Savrasov. Contemporaries called his work about the arriving rooks nothing less than "the soul of the Russian people." And, of course, the Gallery presents the “hero of the Russian forest” I. Shishkin. romantic direction Russian artists Serov, Vrubel and Levitan will not leave indifferent any visitor, and is known to almost everyone - at least according to the school curriculum.

Do not forget that the Tretyakov Gallery stores the most complete collection vanguard. Artists united in such societies as the "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey's Tail" laid the foundation for avant-garde art, and among other names of artists, K. Malevich stands apart. The principles of the so-called non-objective art were discovered precisely in Russian art. And the "Black Square" became its symbol. By the way, it is this example of Suprematism that remains one of the most discussed in the Tretyakov Gallery to this day. The surrealism of M. Chagall and V. Kandinsky, the cubism and futurism of the "Amazons" of the Russian avant-garde, the constructivism of V. Tatlin and A. Rodchenko - they can be used to trace the history of the formation of Russian painting and its currents.

The Tretyakov Gallery today is not just a museum, it is a real center for the study of art. The voice of experts and restorers of the Tretyakov Gallery is heeded all over the world. And they continue the traditions laid down by the founding father of the museum: preservation, research and presentation domestic art. After all, a Russian person has a gift not only to transfer what he sees to the canvas, but also to animate.

For the knowledge of the Russian soul, its breadth, power and spirituality, thousands of people of all nationalities and religions come to the Tretyakov Gallery. So, the efforts of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov were not in vain.

At the very end of the nineteenth century, the map of Moscow was updated due to the appearance of the State Tretyakov Gallery on it. For a long time I accumulated my collection of the most various works art, founder of the gallery. In 1982, the collection passed from the hands of the merchant Pavel Tretyakov into the possession of the city.

Of course, the current composition of the gallery has changed significantly since its foundation: the collection has grown and enriched with new exhibits. IN currently the number of paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery has long exceeded 7 thousand.

The first paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery

The legendary collection began 26 years before the gallery was founded with two paintings. In 1956, Pavel Tretyakov bought the first exhibits of the future exhibition: "Clash with Finnish smugglers" brushes V. Khudyakova And "Temptation" work N. Schilder. A little later, a connoisseur of Russian painting acquired several more works that are known to us as "Pedlar" V. Jacobi, "Sick musician" M. Klodt, "Picking cherries" I. Sokolov, and "View in the vicinity of Oranienbaum" A. Savrasov.

The most famous paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery

Tretyakov, a lover of Russian art, left great amount paintings by compatriots, but besides them, the gallery also contains a sufficient number of world famous works art.

Night landscapes were not nonsense in painting, especially Russian. However, it turned and truly shocked art world painting by Kramskoy "Mermaids", on which Ivan Kramskoy in a fabulous manner, he added mermaids to the familiar landscape.

One of the most famous Russian paintings in the theme of fairy tales, no doubt, is the fruit of talented hands Viktor Vasnetsov painting "Heroes".

Palette knife painting technique is also presented in this collection. Michali Vrubel and his "Demon Seated" occupy place of honor in the list of the most famous paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Sweets "Bear clubfoot" are to the taste of both adults and children, and, of course, everyone without exception knows that a picture is drawn on the wrapper of these sweets Ivan Shishkin "Morning in pine forest».

Recognized at first only by Italian critics and completely rejected at home, the painting " The Appearance of Christ to the People" Alexander Ivanov nevertheless left an indelible mark on the history of Russian painting.

The word "war" in itself does not evoke any pleasant associations, but, looking at the notorious picture "Apotheosis of War", once again you are convinced of its uselessness and horror. Vasily Vereshchagin his skill filled the picture with incredibly deep meaning.

The school curriculum has not been presented without a canvas for a long time Alexey Savrasov.

One of the saddest events in the history of Russia, of course, is the Streltsy execution. Vasily Surikov surprisingly realistic and clearly conveys the atmosphere of what was happening in his picture "Morning of the Streltsy Execution".

The church schism of the seventeenth century also inspired Vasily Surikov to paint a picture. One of the most important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery "Boyar Morozova" puts us in those.

Doesn't leave indifferent picture, written with a special love for urban life at the end of the 19th century. Vasily Poleno in and his "Moscow courtyard" help us plunge into the atmosphere of Moscow life.

Numerous gallery visitors never pass by "Verochki"- fruit brush Serov.

A special place of honor in the exposition belongs to portrait of A.S. Pushkin, drawn Orest Kiprensky.

Literally from the first day, the painting “Horsewoman” painted in 1832 by Karl Bryullov became famous.

The Tretyakov Gallery is the most big museum Russian painting in the world. whose history began with private collection Pavel Tretyakov.

Artists dreamed that it was he who bought their work. Although Tretyakov was not always ready to pay a lot. Because many were bribed by this philanthropist with a modest character and democratic views.

When Tretyakov donated his gallery to Moscow, Alexander III granted him title of nobility. But Tretyakov refused, considering himself unworthy of it!

His taste was also special. He wanted to see truthfulness, sincerity and sincerity in the picture. Ignored the work of academic and pretentious, created to impress the public.

Therefore, many of the works he bought have stood the test of time and are recognized as masterpieces. I will tell about several of them.

1. Ivan Shishkin. Rye. 1878

Ivan Shishkin. Rye. 1878 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Acquired by P. Tretyakov.

In the painting "Rye" we see an incredible combination of yellow low rye and tall old pines. And many more interesting details. Very low flying swifts. People with braids walking along the road.

Shishkin was often reproached for being too photographic. And in fact, if you zoom in on the image, then smooth out almost every spikelet.

But not everything is so simple. Among the majestic pines stands a dead pine, possibly from a lightning strike. What does the artist want to tell us? That any power can be broken overnight?

Having survived the death of his wife and two children, Shishkin could well transfer such a mood to the canvas. But even so, at the same time he did everything to show the beauty of Russian nature.

A high-quality reproduction of this masterpiece can be ordered

2. Arkhip Kuindzhi. After the rain. 1879

Arkhip Kuindzhi. After the rain. 1879 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Acquired by P. Tretyakov

Main character of all Kuindzhi's paintings is light. Moreover, the artist in an incomprehensible way turned ordinary light into magical. Choosing the most colorful phenomena of nature. As in the picture "After the rain."

A terrible storm has just passed. The brown-purple sky looks intimidating. But the landscape is already illuminated by the first rays. Here comes the rainbow. The grass after the rain is a pure emerald color.

There is no certainty that Kuindzhi painted only from nature. It is unlikely that the horse would remain on open space in a strong thunderstorm. Most likely, her figure was added to enhance the contrast. Between stormy skies and sunlit grass.

Kuindzhi was original not only as an artist. But in general, as a person. Unlike many of his not-so-wealthy colleagues, he made his fortune through successful real estate deals. But he lived very modestly, giving all his money to the needy.

3. Viktor Vasnetsov. Three princesses of the underworld. 1881

Viktor Vasnetsov. Three princesses underworld. 1881 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Received in 1910 according to the will of M. Morozov

The painting “Three Princesses” was commissioned by Savva Mamontov specifically for the coal office railway. Vasnetsov took as a basis folk tale about the golden, silver and copper princesses.

But he changed her a lot. Leaving only the golden princess. Adding two others from myself. Princess precious stones and the Queen of Coal. All three glorify the wealth of the bowels of the Russian land.

The girl in black is the youngest, because coal was mined later than gold and precious stones. Therefore, her dress is more modern.

And the dress of the Princess of Coal is more modest. After all, its purpose is to benefit people. And not to serve human greed, which two older sisters have to do.

Tretyakov liked to buy works from Vasnetsov, they were good friends. And not smart. The artist was an extremely humble person.

When he entered the Academy of Arts, he learned that he had passed the exam only a year later. When he came to take the exam again, sure that he had failed the first time.

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4. Ilya Repin. Dragonfly. 1884

Ilya Repin. Dragonfly. 1884 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Acquired by P. Tretyakov

"Dragonfly" can involuntarily be mistaken for the work of an impressionist from Paris. After all, she is so cheerful, bright.

The child sits on the crossbar against the background of a bright sky and shakes his leg. So you can hear the chirping of crickets and the buzzing of bumblebees.

The most surprising thing is that Repin did not particularly like the Impressionists. They think they lack plot. But he could not help himself when he undertook to draw a child. Another manner of writing did not go to childish immediacy.

In the picture, Repin depicted his eldest daughter Faith. And he himself called her "Dragonfly". After all, the blue dress is so similar to the colors of a dragonfly, crouched on a log for a couple of seconds, to soon soar with ease into the sky.

Vera lived with her father until the end of his life. She never got married. Few people spoke highly of her. Including Chukovsky, who knew the Repin Roots family well.

According to his recollections, Vera Ilyinichna did not hesitate to sell her father's paintings, and with the proceeds she bought herself earrings. She was "deceitful, cowardly ... and stupid in mind and heart." That's some harsh criticism...

5. Valentin Serov. The girl lit by the sun. 1888

Valentin Serov. The girl lit by the sun. 1888 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Acquired by P. Tretyakov

Another painting in an impressionistic manner is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery. But already written by Valentin Serov.

Impressionism is expressed here in an incredible play of light and shadow. sun glare, a brightly lit clearing contrasted with the dark bark of a tree and a deep skirt of blue color.

Serov considered The Girl Illuminated by the Sun to be his best painting, despite the fact that he painted it at the age of 23. He confessed to friends that all his life he tried to create something similar, but it didn’t work out.

Serov was posed by his cousin Maria Simonovich. For three whole months, several hours every day. The artist worked on the painting for so long and carefully that even the very patient Maria could not stand it. In the fourth month of work, she fled to St. Petersburg under the pretext of starting classes.

Not only because I'm tired. Then she admitted that she was afraid that her brother would not overdo it. Being a sculptor herself, she knew that if you endlessly amend the work, you can ruin everything.

Perhaps she did the right thing. And thanks to her, the picture became a masterpiece. Yielding in popularity only to Serov's painting.

6. Isaac Levitan. Over eternal rest. 1894

Isaac Levitan. Above eternal rest. 1894 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Acquired by P. Tretyakov

“Above Eternal Peace” is one of the most Russian and philosophical landscapes of Levitan. The universal scale of the river expanse is opposed to human fragile life. The symbol of which is a barely noticeable light burning in the church.

Levitan himself considered this picture very important, seeing in it a reflection of his character and soul. But at the same time, she scared him. It seemed to him that the cold of eternity wafted from her, which "swallowed up many generations and will swallow even more."

Levitan was a melancholy man, prone to gloomy thoughts and actions. So, a year after writing this picture, he made a demonstrative suicide attempt. Being in a dejected state due to overdrinking personal life. At that time, two women, mother and daughter, fell in love with him at once.

In general, this picture is a catalyst for your attitude. If you are an optimistic person, then you are more likely to feel inspired by the contemplation of space. If you are a pessimist, then expect other emotions. You will certainly become uncomfortable with the all-consuming space.

7. Mikhail Vrubel. Lilac. 1900

Mikhail Vrubel. Lilac. 1900 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Received from the I. Ostroukhov Museum in 1929

In Vrubel's painting, we see a strikingly beautiful lilac. It is painted with a palette knife*, so the clusters of inflorescences look like voluminous crystals of an unusual color, from light blue to purple. In general, there are so many of these flowers in the picture that you can smell the lilac.

Against the background of the bush, the outlines of a girl, the soul of a lilac, protrude. We see only large dark eyes, dark thick hair and graceful hands. The girl, unlike the lilac, is painted with a brush. Which emphasizes its unreality.

The picture can bring us back to childhood. After all, it was then that we were inclined to see the other world. Here you are walking along the path among the lilac bushes in the late twilight and peering into the greenery. And the imagination draws us the unknown: someone's eyes or silhouettes.

Vrubel, unlike ordinary person retained this special vision for life. In his imagination, he plunged into other worlds and then showed them to us. In the form of demons, seraphim or souls of trees.

But one day he "did not find the way" back. Soon after writing Lilac, Vrubel began to progress mental disorder. He slowly faded away in the captivity of other worlds and died in 1910.

There are so many masterpieces of Russian painting in the Tretyakov Gallery that it was difficult for me to choose only seven paintings. Surely someone didn't like it. After all, I did not include the most hyped masterpieces like. And she has not yet told about Vereshchagin and.

I was guided by my own taste, choosing those works that I personally really like. If you have not noticed them before, then I hope that you were able to make new discoveries for yourself.

* A thin spatula that artists use to apply primer to the canvas (the basis for the paint layer of the picture). But sometimes this tool is also used for applying paints.

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Address: Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10
Foundation date 1856
Coordinates: 55°44"29.0"N 37°37"12.9"E

IN famous gallery more than 180 thousand works of domestic art are exhibited. The world of paintings by Russian artists fascinates and attracts many guests. To see ancient icons, mosaics, landscapes, portraits and historical canvases, schoolchildren, students, employees and pensioners come to the Tretyakov Gallery. According to statistics for the year one of the most famous museums in Moscow is visited by more than one and a half million visitors.

View of the entrance to the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane. In the center - a monument to Pavel Tretyakov

Museum Founder

Pavel Tretyakov was born in 1832 into the family of a Moscow merchant. He was the eldest of 12 children and was brought up with his younger brother Sergei. As adults, the brothers founded several paper mills and managed to earn great fortune, which was estimated at a huge amount at that time of 3.8 million rubles.

Few people know, but at first Tretyakov became interested in collecting paintings by Western European masters. He was inexperienced, made random purchases, and in a few years bought up several paintings and graphic works Dutch artists. The novice collector immediately faced the problem of determining the authenticity of old paintings. He quickly realized how many fakes there are in the painting market and decided to buy works from the artists themselves. The founder of the gallery followed this rule until his death.

Hall No. 9 - "Horsewoman" - 1832 (Karl Bryullov)

In the middle of the 19th century, Pavel became interested in collecting paintings by Russian painters. The first paintings bought were the works of artists Schilder and Khudyakov. In 1851, he became the owner of a spacious house purchased specifically for the growing museum.

After 16 years, the Tretyakov brothers opened a private collection of paintings for the Moscow public. By this time, the gallery had more than 1200 paintings, 471 graphic works, several sculptures and many icons. In addition, over 80 works by foreign artists were exhibited here.

Hall number 26 - "Bogatyrs" - 1881 - 1898 (Viktor Vasnetsov)

At the end of the summer of 1892, after his brother died, Pavel appealed to the Moscow City Duma and handed over the collection to the city. He was awarded the title of honorary resident and appointed lifelong trustee of the museum.

Tretyakov helped Russian painters a lot. He ordered talented artists canvases on historical themes and portraits of prominent Russians. Sometimes the philanthropist paid the painters the way to the right place. Tretyakov died at the age of 65, in 1898.

Hall No. 28 - Boyar Morozova - 1884 - 1887 (V. I. Surikov)

Gallery history

The art collection of paintings was maintained at the expense of Tretyakov's bequeathed capital - 125,000 rubles. Another 5,000 annually paid extra by the state. New paintings were purchased with interest from the patron's money.

The gallery was housed in a house bought by the Tretyakovs in 1851. However, the collection was constantly growing, and there was not enough space for it. The museum building was rebuilt several times. At the beginning of the last century, it had an expressive facade designed by the architect Vasily Nikolaevich Bashkirov according to the sketches created by the artist Vasily Vasnetsov. Today, the beautiful facade in pseudo-Russian style has become one of the recognizable symbols of the Moscow Museum.

Room No. 25 - "Morning in a Pine Forest" - 1889 (Ivan Shishkin, Konstantin Savitsky)

In 1913, the painter Igor Grabar was elected a trustee of the art collection. Shortly after the revolution, the collection received the status state museum. Grabar introduced the arrangement of paintings in chronological order and created a fund, thanks to which it was possible to replenish museum collections.

In the 1920s, the gallery was in charge of famous architect Alexey Shchusev. The museum received another building, and the administration was located there, science Library and funds of graphic works.

Room No. 27 - "The Apotheosis of War" - 1871 (Vasily Vereshchagin)

In the 1930s, an active anti-religious campaign was carried out in the country. Local authorities closed monasteries and churches, took away their property and arrested priests. Under the slogans of the fight against religion, the St. Nicholas Church in Tolmachi was closed. The vacated religious building was not empty for long, and it was transferred to the museum as a storeroom for storing paintings and sculptures.

Later, the church was connected to the museum halls with a building of 2 floors, and here they began to demonstrate a huge canvas “The Appearance of Christ to the People”, painted by the artist Ivanov. Then a new "Schusevsky" building appeared. At first, exhibitions were held there, but since 1940 the new halls have been included in the main museum route.

Icons in the Tretyakov Gallery

At the beginning of the war, when the Nazis rushed to the capital of the country, the gallery began to be dismantled. All the canvases were carefully taken out of the frames, rolled up on wooden shafts, and, having shifted with paper, they were packed into boxes. In July 1941 they were loaded onto a train and taken to Novosibirsk. Part of the gallery was sent to Molotov - the current Perm.

The opening of the museum took place after the Victory Day. The exposition was completely restored in its original places, and, fortunately, none of the paintings was lost or damaged.

Hall No. 10 - "The Appearance of Christ to the People" - 1837–1857 (Alexander Ivanov)

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the opening of the museum, a hall was erected for the works of the famous Russian painter Ivanov. And in 1980, a monument to Pavel Tretyakov by the sculptor Alexander Pavlovich Kibalnikov and architect Igor Evgenievich Rozhin appeared in front of the museum building.

By the 1980s, more than 55,000 paintings were stored here. The number of visitors grew so much that the building had to be expanded urgently. The rebuild took several years. The museum received new premises for the storage of paintings, the depository and the work of restorers. Later, a new building appeared near the main building, which was called "Engineering".

Hall No. 19 - "Rainbow" - 1873 (Ivan Aivazovsky)

Everyone is involved in protecting paintings from vandals. art museums world, and the gallery in Moscow is no exception. In January 1913, disaster struck here. An unbalanced spectator attacked the famous painting by Ilya Repin and cut it. The painting depicting the Russian sovereign Ivan IV the Terrible and his son was severely damaged. Khruslov, the curator of the museum, having learned about the attack, committed suicide out of desperation. The author and other artists participated in the restoration of the painting, and the faces of the characters were recreated.

In the spring of 2018, another tragedy occurred with the same picture. A drunken vandal broke the glass that protected the canvas and damaged it in three places central part. Later, he could not clearly explain what he had done.

"The siege of Pskov by the Polish king Stefan Batory in 1581" - 1839-1843 (Karl Bryullov)

One of the most revered Russian icons is kept behind the shatterproof glass in the gallery - Mother of God Vladimirskaya. This relic is more than ten centuries old. According to legend, the famous icon protected the Muscovites and saved the city from the invasion of the troops of Khan Mehmet Giray. Since the paint layer began to peel off over time, the restorers carried out restoration work, but did not touch the faces of the Mother of God and Jesus.

museum complex

In addition to the main building in Lavrushensky Lane, the Tretyakov Gallery owns a large exhibition complex at Krymsky Val, 10. It exhibits works famous artists XX-XXI centuries. The Tretyakov Gallery also oversees several memorial museums painters and sculptors in the city.

Hall No. 17 - "Troika" ("Apprentice artisans carry water") - 1866 (Vasily Perov)

The museum complex works and receives Muscovites and tourists all year round. The gallery is not only large and small halls with paintings. Lectures, film screenings, concerts, performances and creative meetings with artists.

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of major museums peace. It contains the works of masters created from the 10th to the 20th century. All areas of Russian painting are represented here - from icons to the avant-garde. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, often called the Tretyakov Gallery, is one of those sights of the capital, which is visited not only by art connoisseurs, but also by everyone who is at least a little partial to cultural heritage Russia. The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the leading scientific, artistic, cultural and educational centers of Russia, the world's largest museum of Russian art.

Tretyakov Gallery - from history

The foundation date of the Tretyakov Gallery is 1856. It was then that Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a merchant by occupation, acquired the first two paintings by Russian artists “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder and “Clash with Finnish smugglers” by V.G. Khudyakov. In the late 50s, he replenished his collection with works by I.I. Sokolov and V.I. Jacobi, A.K. Savrasov and M.P. Klodt. At this time, Pavel Tretyakov had a dream to create a museum in which the works of Russian painters would be presented. He started his collection from scratch. The collector acquired all the best that was on the art market from the works of Russian artists. By temperament, Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector. He had a wide knowledge in the field of literature and painting, theater and music. As the artist and critic A.N. Benois "... Tretyakov was a scientist by nature and knowledge." He unmistakably chose all the best that Russian painting created. As the artist Kramskoy said about him: “This is a man with some kind of diabolical instinct.” He was at the opening of all exhibitions in Moscow, in St. Petersburg. The paintings had not yet been hung in the exhibition halls, but he had time to examine them in the workshops and ask the price. He was ahead of everyone. There were times when even the tsar, approaching a painting he liked, read that "it was bought by Mr. Tretyakov." He said: "We work for the Russian people."

In his first will in 1860, Tretyakov left 150,000 silver rubles for the creation in Moscow of "an art museum or a public art gallery ...". He created the first museum in Russia reflecting the development of Russian art and wanted the museum to become public. Being rich, he tried not to overpay intermediaries. And he thought: “The more money you save, the more pictures works of art can be collected. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov avoided luxury and excesses. He helped needy artists, widows and orphans. Completed and expanded the museum.

In 1867, a gallery was opened, which presented the collection of Pavel and his brother Sergei. Visitors saw 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters. Paintings Pavel Mikhailovich placed in his house in Lavrushinsky Lane. From 1872 to 1874 two museum halls were built, which communicated with the living quarters. In 1882, when it was necessary to place the Turkestan collection, 6 new halls were added. Additional halls also appeared in 1885 and 1892. 1892 was a significant year for the museum, this year Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov donated it to the city of Moscow. At that time, the collection included 1287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures by Russian artists of the 18th-19th centuries, as well as works by Western European masters. And a year later it took place official opening Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. After the death of Pavel Tretyakov in 1898, other patrons continued his work.

In 1902-1904. under the guidance of architect A.M. Kalmykov, the famous Vasnetsovsky facade was built, which became the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery. The facades of the building were designed by the architect V.N. Bashirov based on the drawings of the artist V.M. Vasnetsov. On April 2, 1913, the artist and architect Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar was elected a trustee of the museum. Thanks to him, the Tretyakov Gallery was formed according to the European type - according to the chronological principle. In December 1913 the museum was opened to visitors. After the revolution in 1918, the museum became known as the State Tretyakov Gallery and was declared the state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic. I. E. Grabar became the director of the museum. Academician of architecture A.V. Shchusev. During the war, most of the exhibits were evacuated to Novosibirsk. The building itself was bombed. By the 100th anniversary of the museum in 1956, its collection included more than 35,000 works of art. A great contribution to the expansion of the museum was also made by Yu.K. Korolev, director of the museum from 1980 to 1992. In 1989, a new engineering building was built, which housed a conference room and an information and computing center, a children's studio and exhibition halls. After reconstruction, the museum ensemble of the Tretyakov Gallery included an architectural monument of the 17th century - the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. It was restored, consecrated and became the house temple of the museum.

Tretyakov Gallery - paintings

The museum has many rooms. And in each you can find a masterpiece of art. Pavel Mikhailovich highly appreciated the work of VG Perov. Several of his paintings were acquired in the 1860s, including The Village Procession at Easter and The Troika, as well as portraits.

Paintings reflecting Russian history appear in the collection. As a lover of landscapes, he commissioned paintings in which he wanted to see the truth and poetry of life. The portraits created by K.P. Bryullov, V.A. Tropinin, V.G. Perov. Created portrait gallery composers, writers, artists of Russia - A.N. Ostrovsky and F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev and N.A. Nekrasov, V.I. Dahl and other famous artists.

Tretyakov supported the Association of Travelers formed at that time. art exhibitions(TPKhV). Many paintings were purchased from these exhibitions. In the 1870s, Pavel Tretyakov acquired such famous paintings as "Christ in the Desert" by I.N. Kramskoy and Pinery» I.I. Shishkin, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A.K. Savrasov and "Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich" N.N. Ge. One of Tretyakov's most expensive acquisitions was the work of V.V. Vereshchagin - a collection of Turkestan paintings and sketches. Later, the collection is replenished with paintings by V.I. Surikov and I.E. Repin, V.M. Vasnetsov and I.I. Shishkina, I.N. Kramskoy and others famous masters. In the Tretyakov Gallery we will see works by Repin and Ivanov, Kuindzhi and Bryullov, Kramskoy and many others. Connoisseurs of Vrubel's work will also rejoice. One of the most discussed exhibits is Malevich's Black Square.

Tretyakov Gallery - information for tourists

For viewing in the museum, expositions of Old Russian and Russian art (18-20 centuries) and Russian graphics are deployed. There are also expositions "Treasury" and "Russian avant-garde", "Sculpture and graphics of the 20th century" and a collection dedicated to the Art of the 1930s - early 1950s and the second half of the 20th century. In addition to the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10, a complex was built on Krymsky Val. Here are collected works dedicated to Russian art of the 20th century. Exhibitions are also organized here. contemporary art. The Tretyakov Gallery owns the museum-temple of St. Nicholas and the exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museums of A.M. Vasnetsov and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A.S. Golubkina, as well as the House-Museum folk artist P.D. Korina.

You can book a tour at the Tour Desk at the main entrance of the museum. The duration of the tour is 1 hour 15 minutes. - 1 hour 30 minutes

The name of Pavel Tretyakov is inscribed in history in golden letters. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow is one of the pearls not only of the capital, but of Russia as a whole.