Project on the theme of Yasnaya Polyana. Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana
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Yasnaya polyana in the life of L.N. TOLSTOY.
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Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. L.N. Tolstoy
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"The estate of Yasnaya Polyana, located in the Tula province of the Krapivensky district, with a house and its furnishings, a park, an orchard, a forest, plantings, arable, meadow, garden and uncomfortable land and outbuildings, is the national property of the RSFSR." From the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. June 10, 1921.
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This corner of Russian land is known to the whole world. In winter, like many years ago, the old manor is wrapped in white snow. In summer, it is immersed in the calm noise of trees, the rustling foliage of which is highlighted by the sun and washed by the rains ... Wherever we are here - at the entrance towers or at the Volkonsky House, at the coachman's hut or on the Red Alley, on Kalinov meadow or among the oaks in Chepyzh – and everywhere again and again we will discover our native land. Everything here breathes with the memory of L.N. Tolstoy - about his great life, about his immortal creations.
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Leo Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana. Here he is buried. He lived in Yasnaya Polyana for more than half a century. Here Tolstoy created everything that glorified him as a great artist and humanist. Yasnaya Polyana was reflected in his famous epic "War and Peace", where it is easily guessed in the estate of Prince Bolkonsky Bald Mountains. Yes, and the old prince Bolkonsky himself is surprisingly similar to the owner of the Yasnaya Polyana estate, the writer's maternal grandfather, Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky. Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, the only daughter of Prince N.S. Volkonsky, married Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy in 1822. Leo Tolstoy did not remember his mother, who died early, but those who knew her told the writer that she had beautiful “radiant eyes”, like Marya Bolkonskaya from War and Peace.
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Part of the Yasnaya Polyana "Aglitsky Park" with the Lower Pond and gazebo-tower was a favorite resting place for an early deceased mother, the memory of which the writer kept for life.
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The writer's office in the house-museum. Here Tolstoy retired in the morning hours. He liked to work in the morning, at a time when, as he himself believed, the inner "critic" in him was most severe. Immortal works were created at this table: "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", "Hadji Murad" and other masterpieces.
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A corner of the hall and living room in Tolstoy's house, where music often sounded, which the writer called "the highest art in the world."
At this table in the living room in the evenings, the wife of the writer S.A. Tolstaya copied the manuscripts of the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina.
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Corner of the hall in the house of L.N. Tolstoy. I.N. Kramskoy was the first of the painters to capture the image of a brilliant writer on the canvas. Tolstoy was then 45 years old. He worked on the novel Anna Karenina. "Talent, mind, original nature, unbending willpower, simplicity - clearly expressed in the face and pose of this magnificent portrait." V.V. Stasov
Slide 10
In the living room and hall Tolstoy spent in his younger years long autumn and winter evenings. “And these evenings remained for me a wonderful memory. To these evenings I owe my best thoughts, the best movements of my soul ... ”L.N. Tolstoy
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Office of L.N. Tolstoy. In the corner - a favorite "horned" chair. On the table are objects dear to him, which the writer carefully kept. Among them is a paperweight (a block of green glass) presented to Tolstoy by employees and workers of the Dyatkovo Maltsevsky Crystal Factory. There is an inscription on it: "... Russian people will always be proud, considering you theirs, great, dear, beloved." Bust of L.N. Tolstoy. Sculptor P.P. Trubetskoy, 1899
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The road between the Old Order and the apple orchard. In the Yasnaya Polyana estate, the forests located around the place where the grave of the writer is now located were called the Order.
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Tolstoy spent the last hours at the round table of his office before leaving Yasnaya Polyana on the night of October 28, 1910. On the table is the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" by F.M. Dostoevsky. This last book, which Tolstoy read before leaving Yasnaya Polyana, was left open on page 359 of the first volume.
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Bedroom L.N. Tolstoy.
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On the left bank of the Voronka River, on the edge of an aspen forest, in 1863 Tolstoy set up an apiary. It did not last long, but the name Old Apiary was preserved behind this place. In the last years of his life, he dreamed of settling in the forest on the site of the Old Apiary.
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"Yolochki" - the last forest plantations in Yasnaya Polyana, made by L.N. Tolstoy and S.A. Tolstoy in 1890-1895. "Yolochki" was the writer's favorite place for walking. Here, in 1907, Tolstoy's wife set up a bench made of birch poles, which was called Tolstoy's "favorite bench". Not far from the “favorite bench” in Yolochki there is a well, from where water was brought to the estate every day. Sometimes Tolstoy himself went for water.
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At the edge of the forest, near the "wide" glade, there are an oak and a birch. At the ground, their trunks closed, and the crowns intertwined with branches. People call them "forest miracle". On the right is a view of the "wide" clearing. "Nature touches tenderness: meadows, forests - bread, arable land, mowing." From the diary of L.N. Tolstoy
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“It was a gloomy autumn day, it was drizzling, and he, putting on a heavy drape coat and high leather boots - real wet shoes, took me for a walk in a birch grove. Young jumps over ditches, puddles, shakes off raindrops from branches on his head ... and lovingly strokes damp, satin birch trunks with a gentle hand ... ”From the memoirs of A.M. Gorky about Tolstoy
Slide 19
Three versts from Yasnaya Polyana is the village of Grumant. She was named N.S. Volkonsky in memory of the island, which was part of the Arkhangelsk Territory, where he served as a military governor. The village of Grumant was dear to Tolstoy according to his childhood memories. “... The place was lovely, and not so much to drink milk and cream with black bread, cold and thick as sour cream, and to be present when fishing, but just to be there, to run uphill and downhill, to the pond and from the pond it was great pleasure". L.N. Tolstoy. Memories
Yasnaya Polyana dates back to the end of the 17th century, from the moment its first owners, the Kartsevs, appeared here. The estate went through several stages before it fundamentally changed its appearance in the course of a radical reconstruction undertaken by Leo Tolstoy's grandfather, Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky.
Yasnaya Polyana is a unique memorial and natural reserve. Old buildings are preserved here, surrounded by picturesque parks, gardens, forests. The traditions of the Tolstoy family still live here. A walk along Yasnaya Polyana will take you to the world of Russian noble estates of the 19th century.
Ponds On the left side of the "Preshpekt" there is a large pond. On the other side of the "Preshpekt", in a ravine, an English park was laid out with a cascade of three small ponds: Upper, Middle and Lower. In the 1990s, a bathhouse was built on the Middle Pond.
Lower (English) Park In the old days it was called the "English Garden". Everything in this picturesque corner of Yasnaya Polyana reminded Tolstoy of his mother, Maria Nikolaevna. Maria Nikolaevna loved to walk along the paths of the Lower Park, planting rose bushes, euonymus, hazel, silvery poplars here.
Orchards Orchards are the decoration of the Yasnaya Polyana estate. Its garden and park ensemble has been created for more than 150 years. The estate had two regular gardens - each of eight wedges, where apple trees, currants, gooseberries, raspberries and strawberries grew. Apple trees in the garden are listed 849 pieces of 25 different varieties.
Kuzminsky Wing In 1859, Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children in the wing, which lasted until 1862. Later guests stayed here. More often than others, the writer's sister-in-law, the younger sister of his wife, Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, lived here with her family. In her name, the wing was named the wing of the Kuzminskys.
Leo Tolstoy's house Tolstoy settled in this house in Tolstoy lived in this house for more than 50 years. All things, books, paintings here are genuine: they belonged to Tolstoy, his family, and even the writer's ancestors. The atmosphere of 1910, the last year of Tolstoy's life, is still preserved in the house.
Chepyzh This name refers to the oak forest. Chepyzh is part of the historical Tula Zasek. Age of trees. Tolstoy liked to choose these places for his daily walks.
Fir-trees under Grumant
L. N. Tolstoy's favorite bench At the request of L. N. Tolstoy, a wooden bench was built in Yolochki. This place is known as his favorite place of reflection in the peace and quiet of a young spruce forest, a place of rest after long walks around the estate and its surroundings.
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“Every citizen is obliged to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to protect historical and cultural monuments.”
Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 44.3
Class objectives:
- Take a virtual tour of the Yasnaya Polyana Estate Museum.
- To acquaint students with the Yasnaya Polyana estate museum, created by Anna Lvovna Tolstaya in memory of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.
- To introduce students to the history of the creation of the estate, its role in the education of the younger generation.
Equipment: multimedia presentation (using personal photographs of the teacher Rogaleva N.G., Internet resources)
Introductory speech of the teacher:
“Streets, squares, canals, individual houses, parks remind us of the past.
... Unobtrusively and unpersistently, the impressions of the past enter the spiritual world of a person, and a person with an open soul enters the past. He learns respect for his ancestors and remembers what his descendants will need in turn.
He begins to learn responsibility - moral responsibility to the people of the past and at the same time to the people of the future.
D.S. Likhachev.
Russia is rich in monuments that reflect the milestones of its centuries-old history. Our cultural and historical heritage is a spiritual, economic and social capital of irreplaceable value, which, along with natural resources, is the main basis for national self-respect and recognition of Russia by world communities. The heritage largely forms the mentality, affirms the continuity of humanitarian values and preserves traditions. The preservation of cultural heritage is the basis for the further development of society, it is the constitutional duty of every citizen of the country.
Today we will go on an excursion in the estate - museum "Yasnaya Polyana". Yasnaya Polyana is located 14 km from the city of Tula, in the Shchelkinsky district. The great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy lived and created his works here. The situation in the museum-estate remained exactly the same as the writer himself left it when he left Yasnaya Polyana in 1910. Yasnaya Polyana is the center of world tourism.
The museum was created by the decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on June 10, 1921, largely thanks to the efforts of Anna Lvovna Tolstaya, the daughter of Leo Nikolayevich.
The exposition of the museum includes the original furnishings of the estate, personal belongings of L.N. Tolstoy, his library (22,000 books).
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In 1627 For faithful service to the tsar, the boyar Grigory Kartsev and his son Stepan were granted land in the Solovskiy (later Krapivenskiy) district. The Kartsevs guarded this section of the notch forests. Due attention was paid to Yasnaya Polyana, because through it went the way to Tula and Moscow.
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In 1763, Tolstoy's great-grandfather, Prince S.F., bought Yasnaya Polyana in the name of his wife. Volkonsky.
The land in Yasnaya Polyana was owned by five landowners, their parts were bought out later. After the death of S.F. Volkonsky's estate passed to his son N.S. Volkonsky, this happened in 1784.
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Having retired, in the autumn of 1799, N.S. Volkonsky arrived at the estate, soon after that significant landscape work began, which changed the original appearance of the estate: parks were laid out, in addition to the existing two ponds, Bolshoy and Sredny, two new ones were dug.
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Two white-stone turrets at the very entrance to the estate were erected by the grandfather of Lev Nikolayevich, Prince N.S. Volkonsky. White classically laconic, and therefore truly beautiful turrets have become the emblem of Yasnaya Polyana.
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"Preshpekt" - a birch alley, which appeared in Yasnaya Polyana around 1800, starts from the entrance towers and goes to the writer's house. "Preshpekt" was repeatedly mentioned in the works of Lev Nikolaevich.
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The lower part of the “preshpekt” runs along the dam of the Big Pond. This pond at that time was called Peasant. In the summer, peasant children and the writer's children swam there, and in winter they usually arranged skating rinks, where Tolstoy's family, the children of the peasants of Yasnaya Polyana, skated.
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On the other side of the “Preshpekt” there is the “English” park, it is called so because it was created in the time of the writer's grandfather on the model of English parks. There are no symmetrically located alleys here, everything here is like in an ordinary forest, as close as possible to nature. A park with a semi-overgrown pond, with bridges thrown over, randomly running paths.
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At the end of the 18th century, construction was underway in Yasnaya Polyana. N.S. Volkonsky erects a stone house on the highest place, from where a wonderful view of the fields and the village opens.
Today it is a long one-story white stone building with a mezzanine. The Volkonsky House is rightfully considered a monument of Russian manor architecture of the classicism era.
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On August 28, 1828, in Yasnaya Polyana, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born. He spent most of his life here. The family estate with its landscapes, the best traditions of the estate life and family legends served Tolstoy as an inexhaustible source of creative strength and inspiration and was invariably present in his works. Tolstoy gives a description of his native places in the works: “The Novel of the Russian Landowner”, “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”.
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In 1847, Yasnaya Polyana became the property of L.N. Tolstoy. In the second half of the 19th century, individual parts of the estate were slowly changed. Orchards planted by Tolstoy appeared, certain corners of the park changed, new paths were clogged or new paths appeared. A greenhouse appeared on the site of the burned-out greenhouse, built back in the time of Volkonsky, and the architectural environment of the estate changed.
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When you go up the “project” to the estate, then on the right side stretch apple orchards, the beginning of which was laid by the grandfather of the writer. The most spectacular impression is the gardens at the time of flowering.
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In the last years of his life, Tolstoy repeatedly requested that he be buried in the forest of Stary Zakaz. Tolstoy heard the legend of the “green stick” in childhood from his beloved brother Nikolai. When Nicholas was 12 years old, he announced a great secret. It is worth opening it, and no one else will die, there will be no wars and diseases, and people will be “ant brothers”. It remains only to find this “green stick”, buried on the edge of the ravine.
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Tolstoy recalls the story of the green stick in the first version of his will: “So that no rituals are performed when burying my body; a wooden coffin, and whoever wants to, will take or take down the Old Order in the forest opposite the ravine, in place of the “green stick”.
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The house where L.N. Tolstoy, not preserved. In 1854, Lev Nikolaevich, while in the Caucasus at that time, asked his distant relative V.P. Tolstoy to sell a large Yasnaya Polyana house. In February 1854, an announcement was printed three times in the Tula Gubernskiye Vedomosti: “The house is being sold for delivery wooden, on a stone foundation, roofed with iron, in the Tula province of the Krapivensky district in the village of Yasnaya Polyana. Find out about the price in the patrimonial office”
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The house was purchased for 5,000 rubles in banknotes by the neighboring landowner P. M. Gorokhov. The irreparable happened: the house in which the author of "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina" and "Resurrection", the greatest Russian writer Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, was born, is dismantled piece by piece, transported disassembled to the village of Dolgoye and assembled there again.
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The ponds of the park are connected by cascades and dams, on the Middle Pond there is a swimming pool, arranged by Lev Nikolaevich in 1890. Over the years, it was knocked together, sometimes from boards, sometimes woven from brushwood.
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“Rejoice! Rejoice! The business of life, its purpose is joy Rejoice in the sky, in the sun, in the stars, in the grass, in the trees, in animals, in people. And so that this joy is not disturbed by anything. This joy is broken to mean, you made a mistake, look for this mistake and correct it, ”the owner of Yasnaya Polyana whispered these words to himself like a prayer. 23 slide
The writer loved and felt the beauty of forests, fields, meadows, and the sky. He said: “How much good God has! Nature is infinitely varied; every day is different from the previous one, every year there is unexpected weather.”
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The sale of the house entailed a change in the north-eastern wing, which became the new “main house” of the estate. Over time, several additions were made to this house.
The Tolstoys believed that Yasnaya Polyana got its name from the wide sunny valley that opens when you turn to the estate, and possibly along the Yasenka River, which flows nearby.
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On October 29, 1941, the Nazis entered the Yasnaya Polyana land. The occupation of Yasnaya Polyana continued for 45 days. The house of the great writer was turned into a barracks, and next to his grave, the Nazis buried 70 of their soldiers. Huge damage was done to the garden and park. On the last day of their stay in Yasnaya Polyana, the Nazis kindled fires in the writer's house, and the fire was extinguished only by the selfless actions of the museum staff.
36 slide
Yasnaya Polyana was liberated on December 15, 1941. After the liberation, restoration work immediately began, which was completed at the end of May 1942. On May 24, the museum again opened its doors to visitors, and in May 1945, when the evacuated museum valuables returned from Tomsk, the museum's exposition was also restored.
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In 1986, the Yasnaya Polyana Museum received the status of the State Memorial and Natural Reserve, and in 1993 - the status of a cultural object. In 1994, a descendant of L.N. Tolstoy - Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy.
Conversation following the presentation:
- What role do you think the estate museum plays in the upbringing of a person?
- Why is Yasnaya Polyana a world-class museum?
- What impression did you get from this trip? Do you need such trips?
- Where can you apply the information received?
Yasnaya Polyana Yasnaya Polyana, the estate of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, is inextricably linked with his life and work. Here he was born in 1828 and lived in total for about 60 years. Here he spent the happy days of his life, felt the golden maturity of creative thought, the sharpness of the spiritual perception of the world ... Without my Yasnaya Polyana, - said Lev Nikolaevich, - I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. people came from the surrounding villages and from all over the world for advice, for the truth, for help. This corner of the Tula land in the late 19th early 20th century became the cultural center of Russia. The color of the creative intelligentsia flocked here - writers, composers, scientists, artists.
1 Entry Towers 1 Entry Towers Entry Towers Entry Towers 2 Preshpekt 2 PreshpektPreshpekt 3Large Pond 3Large PondBig PondBig Pond 4 Sauna 4 Sauna 5 Lower Pond 5 Lower PondLower PondLower Pond 6 Lower (English) Park 6 Lower (English) ParkLower (English) ParkLower (English) Park 7 Sredny Pond 7 Sredny PondMedium PondMedium Pond 8 Greenhouse 8 GreenhouseGreenhouse 9 Smithy and carpentry 9 Smithy and carpenter's Smithy and carpenter's Smithy and carpenter's house 10 Stable and carriage house 10 Stable and carriage houseStable and carriage house ParkStable and carriage house 11 Volkonsky HouseVolkonsky House 11 Kliny 12 Park KlinyPark KlinyPark Kliny 13 Old garden 13 Old gardenOld gardenOld garden 14 Coachman's house and garden house 14 Coachman's house and garden houseCoachman's house and garden houseCoachman's house and garden house 15 Living room and rig 15 Zhitnya and riga Living and riga Living and Riga 16 Kuzminskikh wing 16 Kuzminskikh wingKuzminskikh wingKuzminskikh 17 house-museum Leo Tolstoy House-Museum 17 Leo Tolstoy House-MuseumLeo Tolstoy House-Museum 18 Leo Tolstoy's grave 18 Leo Tolstoy's graveLeo Tolstoy's graveLeo Tolstoy's grave 19 Old Order 19 Old OrderOld OrderOld Order 20 Red Garden 20 Red GardenRed GardenRed Garden 21 Fork 21 Fork 22 Chepyzh 22 ChepyzhChepyzh 23 Young Garden 23 Young GardenYoung GardenYoung Garden 24 Pavilion 24 PavilionPavilion 25 Itochek 25 Itochek 26 Arkovsky top 26 Arkovsky topArkovsky top under Grumman EArkovsky top 27 27 Christmas trees under Grumant Christmas trees under Grumant Christmas trees under Grumant 28 Bisov mowing 28 Bisov mowing 29 Afonina grove 29 Afonina grove 30 Slanting meadow 30 Slanting meadowSlanting meadowSlanting meadow 31 Pallet top 31 Pallet top 32 Flat top 32 Flat top 33 Favorite bench of L. N. Tolstoy Favorite bench of L. N. Tolstoy Favorite bench of L. N. Tolstoy Mbeylachki at the well and Christmas trees - rhombus at the well and Christmas tree - rhombuses 35 Abramovskaya landing 35 Abramovskaya landing amadabrami landing 36 well 36 wells 37 Kalinov Lug 38 Yushkin 38 Yushkin Verkhushkin 39 Mitrofanovskaya landing 40 Round Osinnik 40 Round Osin. aspen forest 41 Native forest 41 Native forest 42 Zasechnye forests 42 Zasechnye forests 43 Guseva polyana 43 Guseva polyanaGuseva polyanaGuseva polyana 44 Aspen forest 44 Aspen forest 45 Old apiary 45 Old apiary 46 Yasnaya Polyana village 46 Yasnaya Polyana village kiosk at the entrance towers 47 Cafe Prešpekt and souvenir kiosk at the entrance towers Cafe Prešpekt and souvenir kiosk at the entrance towers Cafe Prešpekt and souvenir kiosk at the entrance towers 48 Parking lot 49 Toilet 48 Parking lot 49 Toilet
The history of the Yasnaya Polyana estate dates back to the end of the 17th century, from the moment its first owners, the Kartsevs, appeared here. The estate went through several stages before it fundamentally changed its appearance in the course of a radical reconstruction undertaken by Leo Tolstoy's grandfather, Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky. He can be considered the builder of that Yasnaya Polyana estate, in which Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy later spent his life. The writer's grandfather combined the old planning features (regular Kliny park, Preshpekt alley) with new elements of composition (architectural ensemble, Aglitsky park). “Everything that my grandfather built,” said L. N. Tolstoy, “was elegant and did not go, and firmly, firmly, thoroughly. He had a very subtle aesthetic sense." From N. S. Volkonsky, Yasnaya Polyana passed to his only daughter, the mother of L. N. Tolstoy, Maria Nikolaevna. The writer's father, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, completed a 32-room Empire house here, enlarged the garden and household services. Forests of Yasnaya Polyana: Abramovskaya landing, Chepyzh, Stary Zakaz - places of walks and children's games of the Tolstoy brothers. On the edge of the ravine of the Old Order, where, as children, they were looking for a "green stick of happiness", Leo Tolstoy bequeathed to bury himself. Yasnaya Polyana is a unique memorial and natural reserve. Old buildings are preserved here, surrounded by picturesque parks, gardens, forests. The traditions of the Tolstoy family still live here. A walk along Yasnaya Polyana will take you to the world of Russian noble estates of the 19th century. Yasnaya Polyana dates back to the end of the 17th century, from the moment its first owners, the Kartsevs, appeared here. The estate went through several stages before it fundamentally changed its appearance in the course of a radical reconstruction undertaken by Leo Tolstoy's grandfather, Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky. He can be considered the builder of that Yasnaya Polyana estate, in which Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy later spent his life. The writer's grandfather combined the old planning features (regular Kliny park, Preshpekt alley) with new elements of composition (architectural ensemble, Aglitsky park). “Everything that my grandfather built,” said L. N. Tolstoy, “was elegant and did not go, and firmly, firmly, thoroughly. He had a very subtle aesthetic sense." From N. S. Volkonsky, Yasnaya Polyana passed to his only daughter, the mother of L. N. Tolstoy, Maria Nikolaevna. The writer's father, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, completed a 32-room Empire house here, enlarged the garden and household services. Forests of Yasnaya Polyana: Abramovskaya landing, Chepyzh, Stary Zakaz - places of walks and children's games of the Tolstoy brothers. On the edge of the ravine of the Old Order, where, as children, they were looking for a "green stick of happiness", Leo Tolstoy bequeathed to bury himself. Yasnaya Polyana is a unique memorial and natural reserve. Old buildings are preserved here, surrounded by picturesque parks, gardens, forests. The traditions of the Tolstoy family still live here. A walk along Yasnaya Polyana will take you to the world of Russian noble estates of the 19th century. "green stick of happiness" "green stick of happiness"
In the morning, again, the play of light and shadows from large, densely dressed birch trees on the tall dark green grass, and forget-me-nots, and deaf nettles and that's all - the main thing, the waving of the birch trees is the same as it was when I 60 years ago, for the first time noticed and fell in love with this beauty. L.N. Tolstoy - letter to S.A. Tolstoy, May 3, 1897
“Spring, evening; I am in the garden, in the favorite place of the late mother, near the pond, in the birch alley ... The moon quietly floats across the sky covered with transparent clouds, is brightly reflected together with the clouds illuminated by it in the mirror surface of the quiet water of the pond. L. N. Tolstoy. "Christmas Night"
In his younger years, Lev Nikolaevich spent the morning on the farm: he would bypass everything or sit on the bee-keeper. He also planted cabbage and raised Japanese pigs. He planted an apple orchard, planted coffee, chicory. He was also interested in planting spruce forests, which immortalized his name in the economy. In his younger years, Lev Nikolaevich spent the morning on the farm: he would bypass everything or sit on the bee-keeper. He also planted cabbage and raised Japanese pigs. He planted an apple orchard, planted coffee, chicory. He was also interested in planting spruce forests, which immortalized his name in the economy.
Path to the greenhouse In the garden there was a greenhouse for winter flowers and a greenhouse with peaches. Here is a day in the life of a great writer. The house was asleep when Tolstoy woke up. Only servants were on their feet. At 8 o'clock in the morning he put his notebook in his pocket and went down the stairs. Morning walk along the linden alley, or around the house was short. It ended at the old elm, which he called the elm of the poor, here the peasants were already waiting for him: some asked for forests, some for alms. Tolstoy listened to everyone equally, gave them money. In the garden there was a greenhouse for winter flowers and a greenhouse with peaches. Here is a day in the life of a great writer. The house was asleep when Tolstoy woke up. Only servants were on their feet. At 8 o'clock in the morning he put his notebook in his pocket and went down the stairs. Morning walk along the linden alley, or around the house was short. It ended at the old elm, which he called the elm of the poor, here the peasants were already waiting for him: some asked for forests, some for alms. Tolstoy listened to everyone equally, gave them money.
Kuzminskikh's wing For some time the wing housed a school opened by Leo Tolstoy for Yasnaya Polyana children. For some time the wing housed a school opened by Leo Tolstoy for Yasnaya Polyana children. For this school, he created the famous ABC. For this school, he created the famous ABC.
The big house had an outbuilding. Upstairs it had 5 rooms with a dark closet, and downstairs one room with stone vaults, a former storeroom and a small room next to it, from where a twisted wooden staircase led up. Upstairs there were bedrooms, a nursery, a dining room with a large window, and a living room with a small balcony where they drank coffee after dinner. Downstairs, the vaulted room had lately served as Leo Tolstoy's office. Repin portrayed her as an office. The big house had an outbuilding. Upstairs it had 5 rooms with a dark closet, and downstairs one room with stone vaults, a former storeroom and a small room next to it, from where a twisted wooden staircase led up. Upstairs there were bedrooms, a nursery, a dining room with a large window, and a living room with a small balcony where they drank coffee after dinner. Downstairs, the vaulted room had lately served as Leo Tolstoy's office. Repin portrayed her as an office.
The writing table, at which most of the works of the great writer were created, and "War and Peace", and "Anna Karenina", and "Hadji Murat", and "After the Ball", and "I Can't Be Silent". On the table is a paperweight (a block of green glass) presented to Tolstoy by employees and workers of the Dyatkovo Maltsevsky Crystal Factory. The inscription reads: “You shared the fate of many great people who are ahead of their time, highly esteemed Lev Nikolaevich! And before they were burned at the stake, rotted in prisons and exile. Let them excommunicate you as they want and from what the Pharisees “high priests” want. Russian people will always be proud, considering you theirs, great, dear, beloved. Tolstoy carefully kept this thing among other objects dear to him.
YASNAYA POLYANA - FAMILY ESTATE OF LEV NIKOLAEVICH
TOLSTOY
Habitual Tolstoy appearance
manor, largely preserved
up to the present day, formed
at the beginning of the 19th century. under the writer's grandfather
N. S. Volkonsky.
YASNAYA POLYANA
At first sight
the most common, however,
very large estate.
Four hours drive from Moscow
south on the road leading to Ukraine
and the Caucasus.
With a little mansion, all the time
overgrown with outbuildings, where with difficulty
housed a large family of Tolstoy.
By the time of birth
Tolstoy in 1828
Yasnaya Polyana already
More than half a century
stayed in one
family: parents
writer
represented
third generation
owners
from Volkonsky-
(great-grandfather, grandfather, mother,
writer's father).
HOUSE-MUSEUM OF L.N. TOLSTOY
In Yasnaya Polyana
Tolstoy was born
and spent a lot
part of your life.
VIEW OF THE ESTATE
Yasnaya Polyana
remains
same,
who knew her
MAIN ENTRANCE
TO ESTATE
Impression
Yasnaya Polyana
estate life
and nature gave
the richest material
for creative thought
writer and received
diverse
reflection in his
works.
RADIAL ENTRANCE
TO ESTATE
Yasnaya Polyana
life made him
change your mind a lot
and re-feel
local images and
landscapes reflected
in his works.
HOUSE OF N. S. VOLKONSKY
This is the oldest
stone building
in Yasnaya Polyana;
under L.N. Tolstoy
it had
economic
appointment
HOUSE OF L.N. TOLSTOY
Tolstoy lived
over 50 years
and wrote
majority
works
VERANDA HOUSE
Associated with Yasnaya Polyana
earliest memories
Lev Tolstoy. Here he is
playing with brothers
in a green stick:
who will find this green
wand, maybe right away
do anyone
happy man,
WING OF KUZMINSKY
Yasnaya Polyana -
this place
where he was born,
lived around
sixty years old
wrote more
Two hundred works
including novels
"War and Peace",
"Anna Karenina"
"Sunday",
finally this place
his burial.
The events of Yasnaya Polyana
life made him
change your mind a lot
and re-feel
local images and
landscapes reflected
in his works.
VIEW ON TOLSTOY'S HOUSE
After returning
in 1856
from Petersburg
to Yasnaya Polyana
L. N. Tolstoy
settled in
one of two
outbuildings
(northeast)..
Great Desk
writer
As in the first
as well as with multiple
visiting Yasnaya Polyana
Tolstoy's house from all over
environment
produces deep
impressions of
simplicity and importance
LIVING ROOM
One more necessary
working condition -
active use
diverse
sources,
among which one can
name and
memoir
literature,
and archival
the documents.
Everything that arose
in Yasnaya Polyana and
formed
creative vision
artist,
carefully preserved
in our time.
STABLE HOUSE
artistic
and journalistic
works
Tolstoy gave
unique
paintings of Russian
Impressions of Yasnaya Polyana
manor life and nature
provided a wealth of material for
creative
the thoughts of the writer and received
multiple reflections in his works.
NATURE ESTATE
Memorial
landscapes
estates (gardens,
ponds planted
thick forests),
like the buildings
late 18th -
early 19th century,
supported in
its unchanged
historical form.
BIG POND OF THE ESTATE
The writer spent
long hours
in lonely
walks
across the fields
surroundings
Yasnaya Polyana.
LOVE TREE
Greatness and beauty
nature, friend,
won't leave and
Will not betray",
surrounded Tolstoy
TOLSTOY IN THE ESTATE
Impressions of Yasnaya Polyana
manor life and
gave the richest
material for
creative
writer's thoughts
and got
diverse
reflection in his
works.
TOLSTOY AND CHILDREN
Peasant
with joy
to the graph
Yasnaya Polyana
LEV TOLSTOY
IN YASNAIA POLANA 1908
permanent
with local and
surrounding
peasants
was for Tolstoy
source
deep
folk life.
MECHNIKOV Away
TOLSTOY 1909
This house has been
at different times
I.S. Turgenev,
A.A. Fet, A.P. Chekhov
M. Gorky,
N.S. Leskov;
painters
I.N. Kramskoy,
I.E. Repin, N.N. Ge,
L.N.TOLSTOY
deepest, most
tragic, most
philosophical writer
in history,
stern and harsh
looking at us
from portraits,
was convinced that
man comes
into this world for happiness.
LEV NIKOLAEVICH I
SOFIA ANDREEVNA
Lev Nikolaevich
Tolstoy marries
at eighteen
summer daughter
Moscow doctor
Sofia Andreevna
Bers. After the wedding
Fat people settle in
Yasnaya Polyana.
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy. 1876
Moscow. Photo
G.I. Diagovchenko
L.N. Tolstoy Lieutenant.
Photo
S.L. Levitsky.
L.N. Tolstoy. 1849 Petersburg. Degerrotype V. Schoenfeldt
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy next to his sculptural
portrait by I.E. Repin.
1891 Yasnaya Polyana.
Photo by E.S. Tomashevich.
Leo Tolstoy 1885
Moscow, photography
firm "Scherer"
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy sits on a horse.
1897 Yasnaya Polyana.
Photo by N.A. Kasatkin.
L.N. Tolstoy on horseback near Yasnaya Polyana. 1908 Photograph by K.K. Bulls.
PHOTO FUND
Yasnaya Polyana.
Photo by S.A. Tolstoy.
The last picture of L.N. Tolstoy.
S.A. Thick. 1901 Yasnaya Polyana
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy at work in his office
Yasnaya Polyana house in 1909
Photo by S.A. Tolstoy
L.N. Tolstoy.
1907 Yasnaya Polyana.
Photo by V.G. Chertkov
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy with granddaughter
Tanya Sukhotina. 1908 Yasnaya Polyana. Photo by V.G. Chertkov.
L.N. Tolstoy with A.L. Tolstoy. 1908 Yasnaya Polyana. Photo by V.G. Chertkov.
PHOTO FUND
PHOTO FUND
L.N. Tolstoy.
L.N. Tolstoy walks along
plowed field near the village. 1908 Yasnaya Polyana.
Photo by V.G. Chertkov.
