In what year did Mikhail Sholokhov receive the Nobel Prize? Vladimir Vasiliev

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"What else can justify
the life and work of each of us,
if not the trust of the people, not the recognition that
what do you give to the people ...,
Motherland with all its strength and abilities.

M. A. Sholokhov.

On December 10, 1965, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Sholokhov M. A. (1905 - 1984) in Stockholm

Russian writer Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov was born on the farm Kruzhilin Cossack village Vyoshenskaya in the Rostov region, in the south of Russia. In his works, the writer immortalized the Don River and the Cossacks who lived here and defended the interests of the tsar in pre-revolutionary Russia and opposed the Bolsheviks during the civil war.

The idea of Sholokhov as the most worthy candidate for Nobel Prize first sounded in the foreign press, in particular in Swedish newspapers, in 1935, when “ Quiet Don”was not yet completed, but its author was already known as “world famous”, “world writer”, and the novel was “Soviet“ War and Peace ””. Completed in 1940, “Quiet Flows the Don” could not be considered by the Swedish Academy as a work worthy of the Nobel Prize for political reasons.

Medal awarded to Nobel laureate

In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused the Nobel Prize, explaining this, among other things, by his personal regret that Sholokhov was not awarded the prize. It was this gesture of Sartre that predetermined the choice of the laureate in 1965.

Swedish Academy building

Despite the apparent non-engagement of the Nobel Prize, dictated by the philanthropic instructions of Nobel himself, many "left" political forces still see obvious politicization and some Western cultural chauvinism in the award.

It is hard not to notice that the vast majority of Nobel laureates come from the USA and European countries(more than 700 laureates), while the number of laureates from the USSR and Russia is much less. Moreover, there is a point of view that most Soviet laureates the prize was awarded only for criticism of the USSR.

But this is a completely different story, let's digress from politics and look at photos from the award ceremony for Sholokhov M.A. on December 10, exactly 50 years ago, as well as other pictures of the writer and everything connected with the name of the Nobel laureate:

Mikhail Sholokhov in the building of the Swedish Academy before the award ceremony.

The Sholokhovs before the Nobel Prize.

Nobel laureates, Stockholm, December 1965. Far right - Mikhail Sholokhov

In the evening of the same day, a banquet was held in honor of the Nobel laureates, which was a record in all respects. In the hall designed for 850 guests, tables were set for 1292 people. The holiday was served by 200 waiters, cooks and other staff.

2000 red carnations and mimosa. Gold candlesticks served as table decoration. On the table were specially prepared for smokers packages with cigarettes and matches with a portrait of A. Nobel. Sholokhov had a special glass and Russian cigarettes.

The royal family and Nobel Prize winners traditionally had to eat on a gold service.

The dinner was accompanied by melodies by Strauss, Tchaikovsky, Offenbach, Gluck, Koch, Frimm, Janikhira.

Sholokhov at the Soviet Embassy in Stockholm

In his speech during the awards ceremony, the writer said that his goal was "to exalt a nation of workers, builders and heroes." Sholokhov is the only Soviet writer who received the Nobel Prize with the consent of the USSR authorities.

The ceremony of awarding the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov M. A. December 10, 1965 (frames from documentary film about the writer)

M.A. Sholokhov and Swedish King Gustav Adolf at the Nobel Prize ceremony

Gustav Adolf VI, who presented the award to the Soviet writer, called him "one of the most outstanding writers of our time." Sholokhov did not bow to the king, as prescribed by the rules of etiquette. Some sources claim that he did this intentionally with the words: “We Cossacks do not bow to anyone. Here in front of the people - please, but I will not be in front of the king ... "

Mikhail Aleksandrovich during the presentation of the Nobel Prize in 1965

Sholokhov's speech made a great impression on the public. The difficulty of understanding Russian speech for the audience was removed by the fact that envelopes with the translation of the laureate's speech were distributed in advance to those invited to the celebration.

Particularly memorable final words his speeches: "I would like my books to help people become better, become purer in soul, awaken love for a person ... If I succeeded to some extent, I am happy."

Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich (born May 11, 1905 - died February 21, 1984) - a famous Russian Soviet writer, a recognized classic domestic literature, Nobel laureate, Hero of Socialist. Truda and Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Biography

Mikhail Sholokhov was born on May 11, 1905. in the village of Veshenskaya on the Kruzhilin farm. He studied from 1914 to 1918 in Moscow, as well as in the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province, and graduated from four classes of the gymnasium.

In 1920 he moved with his family to the village of Karginskaya, where he lived until 1922, served in the village revolutionary committee, worked as a clerk in a procurement office, taught at primary school. After graduating from tax courses, he was appointed to the village of Bukanovskaya as a food inspector, where, having joined the food detachment, he took part in food distribution.

In the autumn of 1922 Sholokhov went to Moscow to continue his education, as well as to study in the capital writing activities. However, due to the lack of direction of the Komsomol and seniority, Sholokhov could not enter the workers' faculty. Mikhail in Moscow needed to earn a living, so he worked as a bricklayer, handyman, loader. In parallel, he was engaged in self-education, joined the Komsomol and participated in the activities literary group"Young guard".

Mikhail tries to write small literary works. In 1923, the first feuilletons by Mikhail Sholokhov were published in Yunosheskaya Pravda, and in 1924. - his first story "The Mole". Then other stories by Sholokhov were published, which were later combined in the collections "Azure Steppe" and "Don Stories".

In 1924, returning to his native village, Mikhail married Maria Gromoslavskaya. Subsequently, the Sholokhovs had four children.

Widespread fame (all-Union and even world) Sholokhov brought the novel "Quiet Don", dedicated to the Don Cossacks. This is a product that combines several storylines, called an epic and considered one of the most clear examples literature socialist realism.

Another famous novel by Sholokhov is called "Virgin Soil Upturned" and is dedicated to the movement of "25-thousanders", as well as collectivization on the Don. During the Great Patriotic War, the 2nd volume of "Virgin Soil Upturned" was lost, and Sholokhov restored it in the post-war period.

During the war, Sholokhov worked as a war correspondent and published several essays, as well as the story "The Science of Hate". Subsequently, Mikhail Sholokhov published excerpts from his unfinished novel entitled "They Fought for the Motherland", dedicated to the retreat Soviet troops in 1942 on the Don. Sholokhov wrote this novel in three stages, and shortly before his death, he burned the manuscript, so only separate chapters of this work were printed. Nonetheless, this novel in 1975 filmed by director Sergei Bondarchuk, creating a two-part film that became one of the best films of Soviet cinema about the war.

In 1956, Sholokhov wrote the story "The Fate of a Man".

In 1965 Mikhail Sholokhov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Until the end of his life, Mikhail Sholokhov lived in his village of Veshenskaya, for the construction of a school in which he donated his Nobel Prize. Since the late 1960s, he has almost completely moved away from literary works.

The creative heritage of Mikhail Sholokhov

Sholokhov - classic Soviet literature, who introduced into it invaluable contribution. One of the most significant features Sholokhov's talent as a prose writer is his ability to notice in life and then reproduce in art the whole range of human emotions - from tragic despair and hopelessness to unrestrained fun.
The novel “Quiet Don” created by Sholokhov was initially perceived ambiguously in the Soviet Union. The author gave a significant place in this novel to the White Cossacks, which caused criticism from Soviet critics. However, Stalin personally read this controversial novel and approved it for publication. "Quiet Flows the Don" was translated into European and then into Eastern languages and was a success abroad.
Sholokhov in his works always gave author's assessment events taking place in the country, as it was, for example, in Virgin Soil Upturned, where he highlighted the course of collectivization.
Sholokhov is one of the leading masters of the literature of the genre of socialist realism, who made a significant contribution to world art which lies in the fact that in his works, the working people, perhaps for the first time in the history of world literature, appear in all the richness of characters and in the fullness of their emotional, moral and social life.
Sholokhov was repeatedly awarded various prizes: in addition to the Nobel Prize, he also received the Stalin Prize, Lenin Prize, Literary Prize"Sofia", International Prize Mira etc.

Important dates in Sholokhov's biography

genus. 05/11/1905 - Mikhail Sholokhov was born in the village of Veshenskaya.
1914-1918 - studying at the gymnasium.
1920-1922 - living in the village of Kirginskaya.
1922 - Sholokhov's departure to Moscow.
1923 - Sholokhov's first feuilletons were printed.
1924 - Sholokhov's first story is published. The writer's marriage to Maria Gromoslavskaya. Work on "Quiet Don".
1932 - publication of the first volume of Virgin Soil Upturned.
1941-1945 - work as a war correspondent.
1956 - the story "The fate of man."
1959 - Volume II of Virgin Soil Upturned.
1965 - Nobel Prize.
02/21/1984 - death of Sholokhov.

Next to the name of Sholokhov, the problem of the authorship of the works published by him periodically pops up. It first rose back in the 1920s, when The Quiet Don was first published. Sholokhov's opponents were embarrassed by the surprisingly young age of the author, who created, and even in a short time, such a large-scale work that demonstrated a deep knowledge of the life of the Don Cossacks, the areas located on the Don, and the military events that took place when Sholokhov was a child. Researchers of the writer's work respond to such an argument that this novel was not written by Sholokhov at the age of twenty, it was written for almost a decade and a half. Sholokhov spent a lot of time in the archives, interacted with different people, which later became the prototypes of the heroes of The Quiet Flows the Don. Another argument cited by opponents was the low, in their opinion, the level of Sholokhov's Don Stories. In 1929, to clarify this issue even was created, moreover, at the direction of Stalin, a commission that investigated this issue and eventually confirmed the authorship of Sholokhov, having studied the manuscript provided by him. However, remained unexplained the most important question- why did Sholokhov, who clearly welcomed the Bolshevik government, write his novel about the “whites”?
Interestingly, Sholokhov became the first and only Soviet writer to receive the Nobel Prize with the consent of the Soviet party authorities. At the award ceremony, Sholokhov violated established etiquette by not bowing to the King of Sweden, who presented the award. It is not known for sure whether Sholokhov did this on purpose to demonstrate to the whole world that the Cossacks are not going to bow to anyone but their people, or simply was not warned about this detail of etiquette.

Mikhail Sholokhov was born on May 11 (24), 1905 on the Kruzhilin farm (now the Rostov region) in the family of an employee of a trading enterprise.

The first education in Sholokhov's biography was received in Moscow during the First World War. Then he studied at the gymnasium in the Voronezh province in the city of Boguchar. Arriving in Moscow to continue his education and not enrolling, he was forced to change many working specialties in order to feed himself. At the same time, in the life of Mikhail Sholokhov there was always time for self-education.

The beginning of the literary path

His works were first published in 1923. Creativity in the life of Sholokhov always occupied important role. After publishing feuilletons in newspapers, the writer publishes his stories in magazines. In 1924, the newspaper Molodoy Leninets published the first of a cycle of Sholokhov's Don stories - "The Mole". Later, all the stories from this cycle were combined into three collections: Don Stories (1926), Azure Steppe (1926) and About Kolchak, Nettles and Others (1927).

The heyday of creativity

Sholokhov became widely known for his work about the Don Cossacks during the war - the novel Quiet Don (1928-1932).

This epic eventually became popular not only in the USSR, but also in Europe, Asia, and was translated into many languages.

Another famous novel M. Sholokhov is "Virgin Soil Upturned" (1932-1959). This novel about the times of collectivization in two volumes won the Lenin Prize in 1960.

From 1941 to 1945 Sholokhov worked as a war correspondent. During this time, he wrote and published several stories, essays ("The Science of Hatred" (1942), "On the Don", "Cossacks" and others).
Sholokhov's famous works are also: the story "The Fate of a Man" (1956), the unfinished novel "They Fought for the Motherland" (1942-1944, 1949, 1969).

It is worth noting that important event in the biography of Mikhail Sholokhov in 1965 was the receipt of the Nobel Prize in Literature for the epic novel Quiet Flows the Don.

last years of life

From the 60s, Sholokhov practically ceased to engage in literature, he liked to devote time to hunting and fishing. He donated all his awards to charity (the construction of new schools).
The writer died on February 21, 1984 from cancer and was buried in the courtyard of his house in the village of Veshenskaya on the banks of the Don River.

Chronological table

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Almost no one can answer all the questions of the test, check your knowledge too short biography Sholokhov.

Many domestic writers were repressed for anti-Soviet agitation: in the early years of the Bolshevik rule, masters of words were put up against the wall, and later they were sent to strict regime camps for 5-10 years.

In the 50s nobel committee 7 times nominated Boris Pasternak for the Literature Prize. In 1958, the writer was finally awarded this honor, but the terrible persecution at home forced the genius to refuse the award.

Soviet spies in Sweden found out that among the candidates at that time was personally beloved by Stalin, Mikhail Sholokhov. Diplomats persistently hinted to the Swedes that the leadership of the USSR would highly appreciate the award of the Nobel Prize to him, but they refused.

Nobel Prize Pasternak

The literary award was waiting for Mikhail Alexandrovich until 1965. He was released with his family from the country for an award, but in Stockholm the writer almost made an international scandal, expressing his disrespect for the procedure of the ceremony and himself King Gustav VI Adolf.

After the failure of 1958, Khrushchev took Sholokhov on a tour of Western countries to raise the writer's profile among the local public.

In France, Mikhail veiledly bent the line of leadership, speaking humiliatingly about the work of Pasternak: “ The leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers lost their cool. It was necessary to publish Pasternak's book "Doctor Zhivago" ... "

It was necessary that Pasternak be defeated by his readers ... I believe that Pasternak's work as a whole is devoid of any significance, except for his translations, which are brilliant.

Sholokhov time

When the Nobel Prize for Literature went to him, Sholokhov reacted very unemotionally to this event: “ October 15, 1965 was a successful day in every way. In the morning I finished a chapter that was hard for me. Then, while hunting, he shot down two geese with two shots. And in the evening I found out about the award of the Nobel Prize to me».

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Vyacheslav Yuriev

Vyacheslav Yuriev loves historical themes and everything related to travel. If you need brief reference about some distant country, boldly turn to Glory. This editor will dig little known facts about the life of generals and classics of literature. At the same time, he is not alien modern technologies, starting with fashionable gadgets and ending with the exploration of space.

Mikhail Sholokhov (1905-1984) - Russian prose writer, journalist, screenwriter. Received the Nobel Prize in 1965 for his contributions to world literature(an epic novel about the Russian Cossacks "Quiet Don"). In 1941 he became a laureate Stalin Prize, in 1960 - the Lenin Prize, in 1967 and 1980 - the Hero of Socialist Labor.

Future eminent writer was born in 1905 (khutor Kruzhilin, Veshenskaya village) in a prosperous family, his father was a clerk of a commercial store and manager of a steam mill, his mother was a Cossack by birth, she was a servant in the panorama estate Yasenevka, she was forcibly married to the Cossack stanitsa ataman Kuznetsov. After breaking up with him, Anastasia Chernyak began to live with Alexander Sholokhov, their son Mikhail was born out of wedlock and was called Kuznetsov (after her last name ex-husband) until they officially divorced and she married Alexander Sholokhov in 1912.

After the head of the family received new job in another village, the family moved to a new place of residence. Little Misha was taught to read and write by a local teacher invited to the house, in 1914 he began to study in the preparatory class of the Moscow Men's Gymnasium. 1915-1918 - studying at the gymnasium in the city of Boguchary (Voronezh province). In 1920, after the Bolsheviks came to power, the Sholokhovs moved to the village of Karginskaya, where his father became the head of a procurement office, and his son was in charge of office work in the village revolutionary committee. Having completed the Rostov tax courses, Sholokhov became a food inspector in the village of Bukanovskaya, where, as part of the food detachments, he participated in the food appraisal, was captured by Makhno. In September 1922, Mikhail Sholokhov was taken into custody, a criminal case was initiated against him, and even a court sentence was passed - execution, which was never carried out. Thanks to the intervention of his father, who made a large bail for him and corrected his birth certificates, according to which he became a minor, he was released already in March 1923, having been sentenced to a year of corrective labor in a juvenile colony and sent to Bolshevo (Moscow region).

Having gone to the capital, Sholokhov tries to become a worker of the faculty, which he does not succeed, since he does not have seniority and the direction of the Komsomol organization. Future Writer worked as a laborer, attended various literary circles and training sessions, whose teachers were well-known personalities such as Alexander Aseev, Osip Brik, Viktor Shklovsky. In 1923, the newspaper Yunosheskaya Pravda published the feuilleton "Test" by Sholokhov, and later several more works "Three", "The Government Inspector".

In the same year, after visiting his parents who lived in the village of Bukanovskaya, Sholokhov decided to propose to Lydia Gromoslavskaya. But convinced by the future father-in-law (the former stanitsa ataman) to “make a man out of him”, he does not marry Lydia, but her older sister, Maria, with whom they had four children in the future (two sons and two daughters).

At the end of 1924, the newspaper "Young Leninist" published Sholokhov's story "The Mole", which was included in the cycle of Don stories ("Shepherd", "Foal", "Family Man", etc.), later combined into collections "Don Stories" ( 1926), "Azure Steppe" (1926), "About Kolchak, nettles and other things" (1927). These works did not bring the author much popularity, but marked the advent of a new writer in Soviet Russian literature, able to notice and reflect in vivid literary form important trends in the life of that time.

In 1928, living with his family in the village of Veshenskaya, Sholokhov began work on his most grandiose brainchild - the epic novel in four volumes, The Quiet Don, in which he reflected the fate of the Don Cossacks during the First World War and further civil bloodshed. The novel was published in 1940, was highly appreciated by both the country's party leadership and Comrade Stalin himself. During the Second World War, the novel was translated into many Western European languages and gained great popularity not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. In 1965, Sholokhov was nominated for the Nobel Prize, and became the only Soviet writer who received it with the personal approval of the then leadership Soviet Union. In the period from 1932 to 1959, Sholokhov wrote another of his famous novel in two volumes on collectivization "Virgin Soil Upturned", for which he received the Lenin Prize in 1960.

During the war years, Mikhail Sholokhov served as a war correspondent, at that difficult time for the country, many stories and novels were written that described the fate ordinary people who fell into the millstones of war: the stories "The Fate of a Man", "The Science of Hatred", the unfinished story "They Fought for the Motherland". Subsequently, these works were filmed and became a real classic of Soviet cinema, which made an indelible impression on the audience, striking them with their tragedy, humanity and unchanging patriotism.

In the post-war period, Sholokhov published a series of journalism "The Word about the Motherland", "Light and Darkness", "The Struggle Continues", etc. In the early 1960s, he gradually moved away from literary activity, returns from Moscow to the village of Veshenskaya, goes hunting and fishing. All received for their literary achievements he gives bonuses to the construction of schools in his native places. AT last years during his life he was seriously ill and stoically endured the consequences of two strokes, diabetes, and, in the end, oncological disease larynx - throat cancer. His earthly journey ended on February 21, 1984, his remains were buried in the village of Veshenskaya, in the courtyard of his house.