Direction Franz Schubert. Franz Peter Schubert - musical genius of the 19th century

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Franz Schubert short biography outlined in this article.

Franz Schubert short biography

Franz Peter Schubert- Austrian composer, one of the founders of romanticism in music, author of about 600 vocal compositions, nine symphonies, and also a large number chamber and solo piano music.

Schubert is born January 31, 1797 in the suburbs of Vienna large family. From childhood he was fond of music: he played the violin, piano. From the age of six he studied at the parish school of Lichtental. From the age of seven, he took organ lessons from the Kapellmeister of the Lichtental Church.

In 1808-1812, Franz sang in the Imperial Court Chapel under the direction of the outstanding Viennese composer and teacher Antonio Salieri, who, drawing attention to the boy's talent, began to teach him the basics of composition. By the age of seventeen, Schubert was already the author of piano pieces, vocal miniatures, string quartets, a symphony, and the opera The Devil's Castle.

Working as a teacher's assistant at his father's school (1814-18), Schubert continued to compose intensively.

The composer Schubert felt his first popularity in 1816 after writing the ballad "The Forest King". Schubert's further work revealed his melodic talent even more. Songs, Schubert's symphonies from the collections "The Beautiful Miller's Woman", "Winter Way" were especially noted.

"Serenade" by Schubert from the collection "Swan Song", as well as the songs "Shelter", "By the Sea" world fame. Some works, such as Schubert's unfinished symphony (in B minor), the grand symphony, and others, are continuations of Beethoven's music.

The great composer wrote about 600 compositions. Schubert waltzes compose a large share among 400 dances written for piano 4 hands. Despite this, Franz Schubert lacked funds for almost his entire life.

In 1823 he was elected an honorary member of the Styrian and Linz musical unions.

In the 1820s, Schubert began to have health problems. In December 1822 he fell ill, but after a hospital stay in the autumn of 1823, his health improved.

In Vienna, in the family of a school teacher.

Exceptional musical ability Schubert appeared in early childhood. From the age of seven, he studied playing several instruments, singing, and theoretical disciplines.

At the age of 11, Schubert was a boarding school for soloists of the court chapel, where, in addition to singing, he studied playing many instruments and music theory under the guidance of Antonio Salieri.

While studying at the chapel in 1810-1813, he wrote many works: an opera, a symphony, piano pieces and songs.

In 1813 he entered the teachers' seminary, and in 1814 began teaching at the school where his father served. In his spare time, Schubert composed his first Mass and set Johann Goethe's poem "Gretchen behind the spinning wheel" to music.

His numerous songs date back to 1815, including "The Forest King" to the words of Johann Goethe, the 2nd and 3rd symphonies, three masses and four singspiel ( comic opera with spoken dialogue).

In 1816 the composer completed his 4th and 5th symphonies and wrote over 100 songs.

Wanting to devote himself entirely to music, Schubert left his job at school (this led to a break in relations with his father).

At Gelize, the summer residence of Count Johann Esterházy, he acted as a music teacher.

At the same time, the young composer became close to the famous Viennese singer Johann Vogl (1768-1840), who became a propagandist vocal creativity Schubert. During the second half of the 1810s, numerous new songs came out from Schubert's pen, including the popular Wanderer, Ganymede, Forellen, and the 6th Symphony. His singspiel The Twin Brothers, written in 1820 for Vogl and staged at the Kärntnertor Theater in Vienna, had no special success, but brought fame to Schubert. A more serious achievement was the melodrama "Magic Harp", staged a few months later at the Theater An der Wien.

He enjoyed the patronage of aristocratic families. Schubert's friends published his 20 songs by private subscription, but the opera "Alfonso and Estrella" to a libretto by Franz von Schober, which Schubert considered his great luck, was rejected.

In the 1820s, the composer created instrumental works: the lyrical-dramatic "Unfinished" symphony (1822) and the epic, life-affirming symphony in C major (the last, ninth in a row).

In 1823 he wrote vocal cycle"The Beautiful Miller's Woman" in lyrics German poet Wilhelm Müller, the opera "Fiebras", the singspiel "The Conspirator".

In 1824, Schubert created the A-moll and D-moll string quartets (his second movement is variations on an earlier Schubert song "Death and the Maiden") and a six-part Octet for wind and strings.

In the summer of 1825, at Gmunden near Vienna, Schubert sketched his last symphony, the so-called "Big".

In the second half of the 1820s, Schubert enjoyed a very high reputation in Vienna - his concerts with Vogl gathered a large audience, and publishers willingly published the composer's new songs, as well as pieces and piano sonatas. Among the works of Schubert in 1825-1826, piano sonatas stand out, the last string Quartet and some songs, including "The Young Nun" and Ave Maria.

Schubert's work was actively covered in the press, he was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Friends of Music. On March 26, 1828, the composer gave an author's concert in the hall of the society with great success.

This period includes the vocal cycle "Winter Way" (24 songs to the words of Muller), two impromptu notebooks for piano, two piano trios and masterpieces recent months Schubert's life - the Mass in Es-dur, the last three piano sonatas, the String Quintet and 14 songs published after the death of Schubert in the form of a collection entitled " swan song".

On November 19, 1828, Franz Schubert died in Vienna of typhus at the age of 31. He was buried in the Waring Cemetery (now Schubert Park) in northwest Vienna, next to the composer, Ludwig van Beethoven, who had died a year earlier. On January 22, 1888, Schubert's ashes were reburied at the Vienna Central Cemetery.

Before late XIX century, a significant part of the composer's extensive heritage remained unpublished. The manuscript of the "Great" symphony was discovered by the composer Robert Schumann in the late 1830s - it was first performed in 1839 in Leipzig under the direction of German composer and conductor Felix Mendelssohn. The first performance of the String Quintet took place in 1850, and the first performance of the "Unfinished Symphony" in 1865. The catalog of Schubert's works includes about one thousand positions - six masses, eight symphonies, about 160 vocal ensembles, over 20 completed and unfinished piano sonatas and over 600 songs for voice and piano.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The biography of Schubert is very interesting to study. He was born on January 31, 1797 in a suburb of Vienna. His father worked as a school teacher, was very hardworking and decent person. The eldest sons chose their father's path, the same path was prepared for Franz. However, music was also loved in their house. So, a brief biography of Schubert ...

Franz's father taught him to play the violin, his brother taught him the clavier, the church regent taught him theory and taught him to play the organ. It soon became clear to the household that Franz was unusually gifted, so at the age of 11 he began to study at a church singing school. There was an orchestra in which the students played. Soon, Franz was already playing the first violin part and even conducting.

In 1810, the guy writes his first composition, and it becomes clear that Schubert is a composer. His biography says that the passion for music in him intensified so much that over time it supplanted other interests. The young man dropped out of school after five years, angering his father. Schubert's biography tells that, yielding to his father, he enters the teacher's seminary, and then works as a teacher's assistant. However, all the father's hopes to make Franz a man with a good and reliable income were in vain.

Biography of Schubert in the period from 1814 to 1817 is one of the most active phases of his work. At the end of this time, he is already the author of 7 sonatas, 5 symphonies and about 300 songs that are on everyone's lips. It would seem that a little more - and success is guaranteed. Franz leaves the service. The father becomes furious, leaves him penniless and breaks off all relations.

Schubert's biography tells that he had to live with friends. Among them were poets and artists. It is during this period that the famous "Schubertiads" are held, that is, evenings dedicated to music Franz. Among friends, he played the piano, composing music on the go. However, these were difficult years. Schubert lived in unheated rooms and gave hateful lessons so as not to starve to death. Due to poverty, Franz could not get married - his girlfriend preferred a wealthy confectioner to him.

Schubert's biography testifies that in 1822 he wrote one of his best creations - "The Unfinished Symphony", and then the cycle of works "The Beautiful Miller's Woman". For some time, Franz returned to the family, but two years later he left again. Naive and gullible, he was not adapted to independent living. Schubert was often deceived by his publishers, who frankly profited from him. The author of a huge and wonderful collection of songs that were very popular among the burghers during his lifetime, barely

Schubert was not a virtuoso musician, like Beethoven or Mozart, and could only act as an accompanist to his melodies. The symphonies were never performed during the composer's lifetime. The Schubertiada circle broke up, friends started families. He did not know how to ask, and did not want to humiliate himself in front of influential personalities.

Franz was completely desperate and believed that, perhaps, in old age he would have to beg, but he was wrong. The composer did not know that he would not have old age. But, despite all this, his creative activity does not weaken, and even vice versa: Schubert's biography claims that his music becomes deeper, more expressive and large-scale. In 1828, friends organized a concert at which the orchestra played only his songs. He had very big success. After that, Schubert was again filled with grandiose plans and began to work on new compositions with redoubled energy. However, a few months later he fell ill with typhus and died in November 1828.

Franz Peter Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 in Vienna, Austria. He was the fourth son in the family of a school teacher who loved music. As a boy, he sang in the Vienna Court Chapel, then helped his father at school. By the age of nineteen, Franz had already written more than 250 songs, several symphonies and other musical works.

In the spring of 1816, Franz tried to get a job as a leader choir chapel However, his plans were not destined to come true. Soon, thanks to friends, Schubert met the famous Austrian baritone Johann Fogal. It was this performer of romances that helped Schubert to establish himself in life: he performed songs to the accompaniment of Franz in the music salons of Vienna.

Wide recognition came to him in the 1820s. In 1828, his concert took place, at which he and other musicians performed his works. This happened a few months before the death of the composer. In spite of short life, Schubert composed 9 symphonies, sonatas, wrote chamber music.

In 1823, Schubert became an honorary member of the Styrian and Linz musical unions. In the same year, the musician composes the song cycle "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" to the words of the romantic poet Wilhelm Müller. These songs tell about a young man who went in search of happiness. But happiness young man was love: when he saw the miller's daughter, Cupid's arrow rushed into his heart. But the beloved drew attention to his rival, the young hunter, so joyful and sublime feeling traveler soon grew into a desperate grief.

After the tremendous success of The Beautiful Miller's Girl in the winter and autumn of 1827, Schubert worked on another cycle called The Winter Journey. The music, written to the words of Muller, is distinguished by pessimism. Franz himself called his brainchild "a wreath of creepy songs." It is noteworthy that such gloomy compositions about unrequited love Schubert wrote shortly before own death.

A special place in his work is occupied by songs, of which the composer wrote more than 600. Franz enriched existing songs, wrote new ones to the verses of such prominent poets as Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, Scott. It was the songs that glorified Schubert during his lifetime. He also wrote quartets, cantatas, masses and oratorios. And in classical music Schubert clearly shows the influence of the lyrical song theme.

Its the best classical works considered " Unfinished symphony" and " Grand symphony C major. Very popular piano music composer: waltzes, landlers, gallops, ecossaises, marches, polonaises. Many works are intended for home performance.

Franz Peter Schubert died of typhoid fever in Vienna on November 19, 1828. According to the last wish, Schubert was buried in the cemetery, where Ludwig Beethoven, adored by him, was buried a year before. In January 1888, his ashes, along with those of Beethoven, were reburied at the Central Cemetery in Vienna. Later, the famous burial site of composers and musicians was formed around their graves.

Works by Franz Schubert

Songs (over 600 in total)

Cycle "The Beautiful Miller" (1823)
Cycle "Winter Way" (1827)
Collection "Swan Song" (1827-1828, posthumous)
About 70 songs to texts by Goethe
About 50 songs to texts by Schiller

Symphonies

First D-dur (1813)
Second B-dur (1815)
Third D-dur (1815)
Fourth c-moll "Tragic" (1816)
Fifth B major (1816)
Sixth C-dur (1818)

Quartets (total 22)

Quartet B-dur op. 168 (1814)
G minor quartet (1815)
A minor quartet op. 29 (1824)
Quartet in d-moll (1824-1826)
Quartet G-dur op. 161 (1826)

Facts about Franz Schubert

Franz Schubert bought a grand piano with the proceeds from the triumphant concert in 1828.

In the autumn of 1822, the composer wrote "Symphony No. 8", which went down in history as the "Unfinished Symphony". The fact is that at first Franz created this work in the form of a sketch, and then in the score. But for some unknown reason, Schubert never finished work on the brainchild. According to rumors, the remaining parts of the manuscript were lost and were kept by friends of the Austrian.

Schubert adored Goethe. The musician dreamed of getting to know this famous writer However, his dream was not destined to come true.

Schubert's great C major symphony was found 10 years after his death.

Name: Franz Schubert

Age: 31 year

Growth: 156

Activity: composer, one of the founders of romanticism in music

Family status: not married

Franz Schubert: biography

Woland from the novel said: “Never ask for anything! Never and nothing, and especially for those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves!

This quote from immortal work"The Master and Margarita" characterizes life Austrian composer Franz Schubert, familiar to most of the song "Ave Maria" ("Ellen's Third Song").

During his lifetime, he did not strive for fame. Although the works of the Austrian were distributed from all the salons of Vienna, Schubert lived extremely poorly. Once the writer hung out his frock coat on the balcony with the pockets turned inside out. This gesture was addressed to creditors and meant that there was nothing more to take from Schubert. Knowing the sweetness of glory only fleetingly, Franz died at the age of 31. But centuries later this musical genius became recognized not only at home, but throughout the world: creative legacy Schubert is immense, he composed about a thousand works: songs, waltzes, sonatas, serenades and other compositions.

Childhood and youth

Franz Peter Schubert was born in Austria, not far from the picturesque city of Vienna. The gifted boy grew up in an ordinary poor family: his father - school teacher Franz Theodor - came from a peasant family, and his mother - the cook Elisabeth (née Fitz) - was the daughter of a repairman from Silesia. In addition to Franz, the couple raised four more children (out of 14 children born, 9 died in infancy).

It is not surprising that the future maestro showed a love for notes early, because music constantly “flowed” in his house: Schubert Sr. loved to play the violin and cello like an amateur, and Franz's brother was fond of piano and clavier. Franz Jr. was surrounded by a delightful world of melodies, as the hospitable Schubert family often received guests, arranging musical evenings.

Noticing the talent of their son, who at the age of seven played music on the keys without studying notes, the parents assigned Franz to the Lichtental parochial school, where the boy tried to master the organ, and M. Holzer taught the young Schubert vocal art, which he mastered to fame.

When the future composer was 11 years old, he was accepted as a chorister in the court chapel, located in Vienna, and also enrolled in a school with a boarding house Konvikt, where he acquired best friends. AT educational institution Schubert zealously comprehended musical basics, but mathematics and Latin language were bad for the boy.

It is worth saying that no one doubted the talent of the young Austrian. Wenzel Ruzicka, who taught Franz bass voice polyphonic musical composition, once said:

“I have nothing to teach him! He already knows everything from the Lord God.

And in 1808, to the delight of his parents, Schubert was accepted into the imperial choir. When the boy was 13 years old, he independently wrote his first serious musical composition, and after 2 years, the recognized composer Antonio Salieri began to work with the young man, who did not even take a monetary reward from the young Franz.

Music

When the sonorous boyish voice of Schubert began to break down, the young composer, for obvious reasons, was forced to leave Konvikt. Franz's father dreamed that he would enter the teacher's seminary and follow in his footsteps. Schubert could not resist the will of his parent, so after graduation he began to work at a school where he taught the alphabet junior classes.

In 1814 he wrote the opera Satan's Pleasure Castle and a Mass in F major. And by the age of 20, Schubert had become the author of at least five symphonies, seven sonatas and three hundred songs. Music did not leave Schubert's thoughts for a minute: the talented writer woke up even in the middle of the night in order to have time to write down the melody that sounded in a dream.

In his free time, the Austrian arranged musical evenings: acquaintances and close friends appeared in the house of Schubert, who did not leave the piano and often improvised.

In the spring of 1816, Franz tried to get a job as the head of the choir chapel, but his plans were not destined to come true. Soon, thanks to friends, Schubert met the famous Austrian baritone Johann Fogal.

It was this performer of romances that helped Schubert to establish himself in life: he performed songs to the accompaniment of Franz in the music salons of Vienna.

But it cannot be said that the Austrian owned keyboard instrument as masterly as, for example, Beethoven. He did not always make the right impression on the listening public, so Fogal got the attention of the audience at the performances.

Franz Schubert composes music in nature

In 1817, Franz became the author of music for the song "Trout" to the words of his namesake Christian Schubert. The composer also became famous thanks to the music for the famous ballad German writer"The Forest King", and in the winter of 1818 Franz's "Erlafsee" was published by a publishing house, although before Schubert's fame, the editors constantly found an excuse to refuse a young performer.

It is worth noting that during the peak years of popularity, Franz acquired profitable acquaintances. So, his comrades (the writer Bauernfeld, the composer Huttenbrenner, the artist Schwind and other friends) helped the musician with money.

When Schubert was finally convinced of his vocation, in 1818 he left work at the school. But his father did not like his son's spontaneous decision, so he deprived his adult child of material assistance. Because of this, Franz had to ask friends for a place to sleep.

Fortune in the life of the composer was very changeable. The opera Alfonso e Estrella based on a composition by Schober, which Franz considered his success, was rejected. In this regard, Schubert's financial situation worsened. Also in 1822, the composer contracted an illness that undermined his health. In mid-summer, Franz moved to Zeliz, where he settled on the estate of Count Johann Esterházy. There, Schubert taught music lessons to his children.

But the young man's happiness lay in love: when he saw the miller's daughter, Cupid's arrow rushed into his heart. But the beloved drew attention to his rival, the young hunter, so the joyful and sublime feeling of the traveler soon grew into desperate grief.

After the tremendous success of The Beautiful Miller's Girl in the winter and autumn of 1827, Schubert worked on another cycle called The Winter Journey. The music, written to the words of Muller, is distinguished by pessimism. Franz himself called his brainchild "a wreath of creepy songs." It is noteworthy that Schubert wrote such gloomy compositions about unrequited love shortly before his own death.

Franz's biography indicates that sometimes he had to live in dilapidated attics, where, with the light of a burning torch, he composed great works on scraps of greasy paper. The composer was extremely poor, but he did not want to exist on the financial assistance of his friends.

“What will happen to me…,” Schubert wrote, “I will probably have to go from door to door and beg for bread in my old age, like Goethe’s harpist.”

But Franz could not even imagine that he would not have old age. When the musician was on the verge of despair, the goddess of fate smiled at him again: in 1828, Schubert was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Friends of Music, and on March 26, the composer gave his first concerto. The performance was triumphant, and the hall was torn from loud applause. On this day, Franz on the first and last time In my life, I learned what real success is.

Personal life

In life great composer was very timid and shy. Therefore, many of the writer's entourage profited from his gullibility. Franz's financial situation became a stumbling block on the path to happiness, because his beloved chose a rich groom.

Schubert's love was called Teresa the Hump. Franz met this special person while in the church choir. It is worth noting that the fair-haired girl was not known as a beauty, but, on the contrary, had an ordinary appearance: her pale face was “adorned” with smallpox marks, and sparse and white eyelashes “flaunted” on her eyelids.

But it was not appearance that attracted Schubert in choosing a lady of the heart. He was flattered that Teresa listened to music with awe and inspiration, and at these moments her face took on a ruddy look, and happiness shone in her eyes.

But, since the girl was brought up without a father, her mother insisted that she choose the latter between love and money. Therefore, Gorb married a wealthy confectioner.

The rest of the information about Schubert's personal life is very scarce. According to rumors, the composer was infected with syphilis in 1822 - at that time incurable disease. Based on this, we can assume that Franz did not disdain visiting brothels.

Death

In the autumn of 1828, Franz Schubert was tormented by a two-week fever caused by an infectious intestinal disease - typhoid fever. On November 19, at the age of 32, the great composer died.

The Austrian (according to his last wish) was buried at the Waering cemetery next to the grave of his idol, Beethoven.

Franz Schubert bought a grand piano with the proceeds from the triumphant concert in 1828.
In the autumn of 1822, the composer wrote "Symphony No. 8", which went down in history as the "Unfinished Symphony". The fact is that at first Franz created this work in the form of a sketch, and then in the score. But for some unknown reason, Schubert never finished work on the brainchild. According to rumors, the remaining parts of the manuscript were lost and were kept by friends of the Austrian.

Some mistakenly attribute to Schubert the authorship of the title of the impromptu play. But the phrase "Musical moment" was coined by the publisher Leidesdorf.
Schubert adored Goethe. The musician dreamed of getting to know this famous writer better, but his dream was not destined to come true.
Schubert's great C major symphony was found 10 years after his death.

An asteroid discovered in 1904 was named after Franz's play Rosamund.
After the death of the composer, a mass of unpublished manuscripts remained. For a long time people did not know what was composed by Schubert.

Discography

Songs (over 600 in total)

Cycle "The Beautiful Miller" (1823)
Cycle "Winter Way" (1827)
Collection "Swan Song" (1827-1828, posthumous)
About 70 songs to texts by Goethe
About 50 songs to texts by Schiller

Symphonies

First D-dur (1813)
Second B-dur (1815)
Third D-dur (1815)
Fourth c-moll "Tragic" (1816)
Fifth B major (1816)
Sixth C-dur (1818)

Quartets (total 22)

Quartet B-dur op. 168 (1814)
G minor quartet (1815)
A minor quartet op. 29 (1824)
Quartet in d-moll (1824-1826)
Quartet G-dur op. 161 (1826)