Project (Grade 4) on the topic: Research project "The Secret of My Surname". The project "my last name" as one of the ways to create positive motivation to study the native language, the history of one's people
my secret
municipal autonomous
"medium comprehensive school No. 30"
4th grade b
scientific director
Trofimova Natalia Nikolaevna
pages
Introduction 2 - 3
Project relevance
Goals and objectives of the project
Research methods
Literature review
Main part 4 - 8
Conclusion 9
References 10
Applications
The word "surname" comes from the Latin familia - family. Once and in
in Russian, “surname” could mean “family”, this is reminded
expressions "family resemblance", "family traditions". Connection between
the words "family" and "surname" are not accidental, the surname is a family
a name added to a person's given name and patronymic. Name for everyone
we were chosen by our parents. The patronymic is formed from the name of the father, which, in
in turn, he was given by his parents - our grandparents. Last name
us, too, as a rule, paternal, and passed to the father from the grandfather, to the grandfather from the great-grandfather ...
Who invented it first, where did it come from?
After reviewing the list of names of students in our class, I came to the conclusion that
that I find it difficult to explain the meaning of even very familiar and familiar
surnames such as Vorobyova, Androsov, Nikitina. But each original
the word from which the surname was formed meant something! Through surnames
hundreds and thousands of words have come down to us that have disappeared from the living language completely or
preserved only in local dialects. Than large quantity
we will “decipher” incomprehensible surnames, the more we will learn the forgotten words.
And thus we will discover a lot of new things about our ancestors, their occupations, life,
beliefs, the wider and fuller will be our ideas about the past of our
Motherland. And the material for these discoveries is not somewhere in the museum,
archive or behind seven seals, but literally everywhere: we say hourly,
we hear from interlocutors, we read names in books different people. We read, but
we do not think. Let's try to make sure that our names are stored in
a lot of interesting secrets.
The magic key to the discovery of these mysteries is the science of anthroponymy.
This science has existed since the 60s of the 20th century. The word "anthroponymy"
translated from Greek as "anthropo" - a person and "onyma" - a name. The science
studies personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames of people. Development
The main issues of anthroponymy were dealt with by well-known philologists:
A.V.Superanskaya, V.D. Bondaletov, I.A. Korolev, T.F. Vedina. This science
young, only developing, there are still many questions to be answered
find answers to scientists (for example, it is not known exactly how many surnames
exists in Russia - it is believed that from 500 thousand to 2 million).
The purpose of our research work: study the history of origin and
the meaning of my surname and the surnames of my classmates.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following
tasks:
To study materials on the history of origin and the meaning of surnames in Russia;
Find out what factors influenced the process of forming surnames;
Conduct a study "What is the most common surname in our
Create a cool album "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."
In writing our research paper, we used the following
methods: collection of information and materials on this topic, analysis of the collected
materials, interviewing and questioning my family members, questionnaires
pupils and parents of the 4th grade, comparison of different points
perspectives and opinions on the topic.
Being born, a person receives not only a name, but also inherits the surname of his
ancestors. And everyone, sooner or later, thinks about the question "What
does my last name mean? So I asked myself this question, but to answer immediately
couldn't do it. At the very beginning of our work, we conducted a survey
among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you know (do you know)
What does your (your) last name mean? Survey results again
proved the relevance of work on this topic. Of the 54 children surveyed
6 gave a positive answer, and 48 do not know the meaning of their last name.
Of the 56 parents interviewed, 11 attempted to explain the meaning of their
surnames, 45 - gave a negative answer. (See Appendix)
I tried to involve my classmates in my research work,
to interest them in this topic, and I succeeded. Guys with pleasure
engaged in work on this topic.
Having collected and studied materials from various sources of information (books,
dictionaries, the Internet), here's what we learned:
1. The word "surname" of Latin origin: "famulus" means "slave",
"servant". And originally the "surname" in Ancient Rome called everyone
slaves owned by one person. This is a late one-root word
"Familia" began to denote family, genus. In Russia, the word "surname" is also
At first it was used in the meaning of "family". In the 17th and 18th centuries there were still
the word "nickname": in those days it meant, called a surname. And
only in the 19th century did the word "surname" acquire its second meaning, which became
main. AT " explanatory dictionary Russian language "S.I. Ozhegova is written:
Surname is a hereditary family name added to a personal name.
2. The first surnames in the now known sense arose in the 10-11 centuries in
Northern Italy.
In Russia, the first to have the right to have surnames were the princes in the 14-15 centuries
and boyars. From the 16th century, nobles began to have surnames.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Emperor Peter I issued a Decree: “Record all
people living in localities, by names with fathers and with nicknames.
In the 18-19 centuries, servants and merchants received surnames, in the 19 century -
Russian clergy, at the end of the 19th century and up to the 30s of the 20th century -
peasants (after the abolition of serfdom in 1861). Before
serfs in Russia were not supposed to have a surname.
3. Most often, Russian surnames are formed from nicknames and personal names through
possessive adjectives. They have suffixes –ov/-ev, -in and
answer the question “Whose? Whose will you be? The difference lies in which
the sound ends with the generating word: -ov was added to the names and
nicknames on a hard consonant (Ignat-Ignatov, Mikhail - Mikhailov),
Ev to names and nicknames on a soft consonant (Grigory-Grigoriev,
Ignatius-Ignatiev), -in - to the basics on -a, -i (Erema-Eremin, Ilya-Ilyin).
4. According to scientists, Russian surnames can be divided into 5 main groups:
1) formed from Christian male baptismal names (Sergeev,
Andreev). This is the most large group surnames, which indicates
deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people. So, for example, the name Ivan
(John), translated as "the grace of God", was the most
common in Russia. Hence one of the most common
in Russia of surnames - Ivanov (Vanin, Vanyushin, Ivannikov).
In our class, out of 26 surnames, 10 are formed from male names (see appendix).
2) surnames that retained basically worldly ones (which were given without
participation of the church) names and nicknames. Our ancestors got nicknames for
some distinguishing feature, for example, height - Korotkov, gait -
Volokushin, etc. According to research, the most common
surname in Russia - Smirnov. Why? It turns out that earlier in a large
family, peasant parents sighed with relief if they were born quiet,
reckless children. This is a rather rare quality and imprinted in the name
Smirnaya. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life,
because the church was immediately forgotten.
In our class, 11 surnames are formed from worldly names and nicknames (Gushchina,
Vyguzov, Shishkin and others).
3) surnames formed from professional nicknames of ancestors,
telling which one did what. In our class of such surnames -
4 (Baibara, Wagner, Gurnik, Konopkin).
4) surnames formed from the name of the area where one of the
ancestors. Geographical names became the basis of such surnames.
(Novgorodtsev, Moskvina)
5) surnames belonging to the Orthodox clergy (Troitsky - in
honor of the Holy Trinity, Rozhdestvensky - in honor of Christmas).
5. Thus, after analyzing all the collected materials, we came to
conclusion that my surname (Grigorieva) came from the name Grigory. From
the name was formed patronymic (Grigoriev son), and then the surname
Grigoriev. What does she mean?
The family name of the Grigorievs refers to a common type of Russian
surnames. The baptismal name Gregory comes from the Greek verb
"grigoreo" - "keep awake". Gregory is one of the few actually
Christian names that appeared in the era of the formation of Christianity,
the name was metaphorically compared with the personal qualities of the ideal
Christian. The name Gregory was associated with many saints, but before
of all - with St. Gregory the Wonderworker, probably the first bearer of
this name. The high religious and historical status of the name determined it
frequent use in church circles, both in Catholic and in
Orthodox tradition: the bearers of the name were 16 popes and
7 Patriarchs of Constantinople.
Our ancestors believed that when forming a surname from a baptismal name
the patronage of the saints passes to the whole family. Most likely the founder
Grigoriev family was a man from the privileged class. The thing is
that surnames derived from full form name, had mainly
social nobility or families who enjoyed great
other classes, called, as a rule, diminutive derivatives,
common names (Grishkin, Grishunin, etc.)
Of course, the surname Grigorieva is a wonderful
monument Slavic writing and culture. No wonder that
having begun to study the meaning of my surname, the origins of its origin, I
I wanted to know my family tree. And this topic, I think, will become
continuation of our further research work.
6. The number of surnames derived from names is a great many. it
prompted us to do some research. Everyone is hearing
the most common surnames: Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov. But is it
is it for real? What is the most common last name in our school?
Where does my last name fit on this list?
Analysis of the lists by class led to the conclusion that the most common
surname in our school is Popov, and my surname is 0.16% of
total number surnames (1236), (see appendix).
There can be many reasons for the widespread use of the Popov family name.
Not all Popovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko)
as a personal name was quite common among the laity. religious
Parents were happy to give their children this name. This is once again
testifies to the deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people.
Conclusion.
The history of the surname is the history of my ancestors, the history of my family, and
to get in touch with history means to take a step towards the knowledge of one's own kind,
to the compilation and preservation of the genealogy of his family.
This research work is the result of collaboration between scientific
leader, students and parents of our class for several
months. There are 26 students in our class. The theme of our work has become
interesting to classmates, they also wanted to unravel the secret of their
surnames. We shared the results of our work with other students.
classes who enthusiastically joined the study of this topic.
In order to systematize and generalize the accumulated material, we are preparing
collection "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."
We have achieved our goal, but we do not consider that our work is finished.
Interest in the study of surnames instills in us love for our family, our
origins, respect for the history of both their own and other peoples. Exists
a large number of dictionaries, books, scientific works on this topic. A theme
always remains interesting and relevant.
Bibliography.
About Russian surnames
/A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. : School Press, 1993.
Russian surnames.Popular etymological dictionary
/ Yu.A. Fedosyuk. : Flint: Science, 2006.
Sweet Gift, or the Secret of Names and Nicknames
/BUT. Ktorova.: Gamma-Press, 2002.
Dictionary of Russian surnames
/ Compiled by E.L. Krushelsky. : School-Press, 1993.
/B. Higir. : AST Astrel, 2006.
Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning
/T.F.Vedina.: AST Astrel, 2007.
Applications.
Mini survey.
Parents and children were asked the question “Do you know what
Your last name?"
Number of participants: 110 people.
Analysis of the names of students according to the method of their education.
Purpose: Determining the most common way of education
surnames among students of two classes.
Number of participants: 54 people.
Analysis of the lists of students of MAOU secondary school No. 30 in Tambov.
Purpose: Identification of the most common surnames among students
our school.
Number of participants: 1236 people.
The 15 most common surnames of our school (in descending order):
3.Belyakov (Belyaev)
4.Mikhailov (Mikhalin)
8.Filatov
11. Nikulin (Nikolin, Nikolaev)
12. Merciful
13. Matveev
14. Makarov
research project"The Origin of Russian Surnames"
Direction: Russian.
Completed by students of 8th grade MOU Kipenskaya school
Andreeva Victoria, Gorbunova Elizabeth, Kosheleva Karina
Head Trubacheva T.M.
teacher of Russian language and literature
MOU Kipenskaya sosh
2013-2014 academic year
Subject of study –
origin of the surnames of students of grade 8 a MOU Kipenskaya sosh
Objective :
reveal the essence of the origin and formation of Russian surnames.
Research objectives:
- 1) study the literature on this issue;
- 2) describe the history of the issue of the origin of Russian surnames;
- 3) to identify the features of the origin of Russian surnames;
- 4) determine the ways of origin of Russian surnames;
- 5) determine the origin of Russian surnames, taking into account the mixing of nationalities;
- 6) analyze the features of the origin and meaning of the surnames of students in grade 8a MOU Kipenskaya sosh.
Hypothesis
The study will help to learn more about our distant ancestors, about our family roots.
Relevance of the topic:
the study of the origin of surnames can give useful information both for historians and for researchers of the Russian language, because some words that disappeared from the Russian language could be preserved in the surname.
The results of a survey of students MOU Kipenskaya sosh
Interested in the history of their family name and can explain its origin
They are interested in the history of their family name, but cannot explain its formation
Never thought about it
They love their last name
Indifferent to their surname
Origin
- Word "surname" - of Latin origin. In the Roman Empire, it denoted a community consisting of a family of masters and their slaves. In the general case a surname is a hereditary generic name that indicates a person's belonging to a particular genus.
Surname formation
- Most often, surnames are formed from personal names through possessive adjectives. Russian surnames often have suffixes -ov / -ev, -in , from the answer to the question "whose?".
Surname formation
- The difference is purely formal: -ov added to nicknames or names with a hard consonant ( Bogdan - Bogdanov , Michael - Mikhailov )
- -ev to names or nicknames on a soft consonant ( Ignatius - Ignatiev , starve - Golodyaev ), -in to the basics on -and I (Erema - Eremin , Ilya - Ilyin ).
Surname formation
- Another group of Russian surnames was formed from the names of settlements, church holidays and the names of saints with the help of a suffix and an ending -sky/-sky (Ilyinsky , Christmas - from Ilyinskaya, Nativity Church, Makovetsky - owner of Makovets, Gorsky - the owner of Gore).
Surname structure
- The surname consists primarily of a root stem (having or having had some lexical meaning in the past), but may also include prefixes, suffixes and endings.
- The basis of the surname often comes from a personal name or a nickname that carries one or another lexical meaning.
- prefix and ending
Family attachment. family ending
Male and female surnames
- From male Russian surnames to -ov , -ev , -in, declining according to the paradigm of short possessive adjectives, forms are formed female surnames with flexion -a, declining according to the paradigm of short feminine possessive adjectives (for example, "by Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova").
Male and female surnames
- From surnames to -th , th , -oh, leaning on the paradigm full adjectives, forms of female surnames with inflection are formed -and I, declining according to the paradigm of full feminine adjectives (for example, "at Sofia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya").
Male and female surnames
- For the rest (except for Slavic surnames on -and I, declining according to the paradigm of nouns of the 1st declension) of surnames, the feminine form coincides with the masculine, and does not decline, even if it declines into masculine(for example, "Anna Pavlovna Sherer").
Ivanov son of Ivanov. This also includes surnames formed from nicknames associated with the profession: Goncharov, Melnikov, Krasilnikov. "width="640" Meaning and etymology
- Russian surnames are mainly formed as patronymics from church or non-church personal names or nicknames, for example, Ivan Ivanov son of Ivanov . This also includes surnames formed from nicknames associated with the profession: Goncharov, Melnikov, Krasilnikov.
Meaning and etymology
- Much less often - from the names of the area, for example Belozersky from Beloozero. This type of education is especially characteristic of princely families, however (unlike Western Europe) is not typical for the nobility.
Meaning and etymology
- Here it should be noted that in the old Russian naming system it was also customary to call babies security names , amulets- names with negative content - for protection, scaring away evil forces or for the inverse action of the name. This is how it is still customary to scold those who pass the exam, or wish the hunter "no fluff, no feather." It was believed that Dur grow up smart Nekras handsome and Hunger will always be full. Guard names then they became accustomed to nicknames, and then a surname.
The origin of Russian surnames
- In various social strata, surnames appeared in different time. The first in the Russian lands to acquire surnames were citizens of Veliky Novgorod and its vast possessions in the north, stretching from Baltic Sea to the Ural ridge.
The origin of Russian surnames
- Somewhat later, in XIV - XV centuries, family names appeared among princes and boyars. The princes were nicknamed by the name of their inheritance, and the moment when the surname appeared should be considered the moment when the prince, having lost his inheritance, nevertheless retained his name as a nickname for himself and his descendants: Shuisky , Obolensky , Vyazemsky etc. A smaller part of princely surnames comes from nicknames: Gagarins, Humpbacked, Eyed, Lykovs, Scriabins etc. Surnames like Lobanov-Rostovsky connect the name of the reign with the nickname. Boyarsky and noble families were also formed from nicknames or from the names of the ancestors.
The origin of Russian surnames
In the end 15th century among the Russian nobles, the first surnames of foreign origin appear, primarily the surnames of Polish-Lithuanian and Greek (for example, philosophical) immigrants; in XVII century surnames of Western origin are added to them, such as Fonvizins , Lermontovs . The surnames of the descendants of Tatar immigrants reminded of the names of these immigrants: Yusupov , Akhmatov , Kara-Murza Karamzin (also from Kara-Murza). However, it should be noted that the eastern origin of the surname does not always indicate eastern origin its carriers: in some cases, they come from Tatar nicknames that were in vogue in Muscovite Russia.
The origin of Russian surnames
The peasants in this period usually did not have surnames, the function of such was performed by nicknames and patronymics, as well as the mention of their owner. : "Ivan Mikitin is a son, and the nickname is Menshik", record 1568 : "Onton Mikiforov's son, and the nickname is Zhdan" The peasants of northern Russia, the former Novgorod possessions, could have real surnames even in this era, since serfdom did not apply to these areas. Probably the most famous example of such kind - Mikhailo Lomonosov. You can also remember Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva- a Novgorod peasant woman, Pushkin's nanny.
The origin of Russian surnames
Finally, the surnames of the entire population of the USSR appeared only in the 30s. XX century in the era of universal passportization .
Surname and nationality
The linguistic affiliation of names and surnames is determined not so much by the basis of which language they consist of, but by the language in which they are used. It turns out that the most traditional Russian name Ivan of Hebrew origin, and surnames formed from numerous folk forms of this name like Ivakin, Ivanaev, Ivanyaev, Vankaev, Vankin, Vanshin, Ivashkin may belong not only to Russians, but also to Chuvashs, Mordvins, Maris and other peoples inhabiting Russian Federation. They are used both in Russian and in the languages of other peoples. Thus, the nationality of a person and the linguistic affiliation of his surname often do not match.
Surname and nationality
- The main thing for the assimilation of foreigners was the act of baptism. They mastered the Russian language, their children were brought up in Russian culture, and only the surname reminded of the origin of their fathers.
- Many figures of Russian culture were born from mixed marriages. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was the son of a Russian nobleman and a captured Turkish woman, and received his last name from his godfather. The mother of Alexander Ivanovich Herzen was a German woman who was not legally married to his father, and he came up with a surname from the German word "herzen" - "cordial" as a symbol of the cordial affection of his parents.
Surname and nationality
- Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is a descendant of a knight of the Order of the Sword, captured under Ivan the Terrible. The father of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov came from the Scottish family Leirmont. One of the representatives of this family, Georg Lermont, moved to the Russian service in 1613. "The Sun of Russian Poetry", Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, was a descendant of Ibragim Petrovich Hannibal, Peter the Great's black man.
Surname and nationality
- As a result of the interaction of languages different peoples some surnames of Russian citizens cannot be unequivocally interpreted as coming from some word. The many languages involved in their formation, rather short stems, an abundance of homonyms and folk etymology contributed to the fact that sometimes surnames have up to five possible interpretations.
Surname and nationality
Babin, Babich, Babichev- these surnames can come from the Russian word woman- "woman, wife", and from the Turkic woman'- "father, grandfather."
- Goryunov- from Goryun(a grieving man), but there is also an archaic ethnic group mountaineers in Polissya.
- Examples can be continued. But even this is enough to show the complexity of the definition of the concept "Russian surname" .
most common Russian surnames
- Smirnov
- Ivanov
- Kuznetsov
- Sokolov
- Popov
- Lebedev
- Kozlov
- Novikov
- Morozov
- Solovyov
Frequency of Russian surnames in MOU Kipenskaya sosh.
- Smirnov (6 people)
- Ivanov (4 people)
- Alekseev, Lugachev, Tychkin (3 people each)
Analysis of the names of students in grade 8a MOU Kipenskaya sosh
The basis of the surname was the church canonical name
The basis of the surname was a nickname related to the number of professional names
Andreeva, Emelyanova, Ivanova, Ilyina, Ishutin, Matyushkin, Mikhailova, Osipov, Filimonov, Yakimova, Yakovlev
The surname was based on a street nickname
Blagochinov, Tokareva (1), Trubacheva
The basis of the surname was the name of the place of residence
Bormatova, Gorbunova, Dolganov (1), Zelenaya, Komarov, Kosheleva, Lugachev
The basis of the surname was the worldly name
Zazersky, Dolganov (2)
Tokareva (2)
Andreeva Victoria
The basis of the surname Andreev was church name Andrew. The surname Andreev goes back to the canonical male name Andrey, which means "courageous" in ancient Greek. This is the name of one of the apostles of Jesus Christ - Andrew the First-Called.
Blagochinov Kirill
Most likely, the nickname Reverend refers to the number of "professional" names and indicates the occupation of a person. AT Orthodox Church dean - a special position designed to oversee the order in a particular church district within the diocese. However, it is possible that the nickname Reverend indicated the character of the person. So, a devout, pious parishioner could be called Reverend. Blagochinnov, eventually received the surname Blagochinnov.
Bormatova Julia
The surname Bormotov is formed from the nickname Bormot, which goes back to the verb "mutter". Its meaning is defined by V. I. Dal in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” as “to speak indistinctly, quickly and under one’s breath; grumble, grumble." According to this, the founder of the Bormotov family could have had poor diction. It is less likely that the nickname Bormot is derived from the name of one of the varieties of crested furry-legged pigeons - a mumble dove or a mumbler. In this case, a person with an unusual appearance could get such a nickname.
Gorbunova elizaveta
The nickname underlying the surname goes back to the common noun "hump", "humpback" - "stooped, crooked, curved." The nickname Hunchback can be connected with the word "humpback" in another meaning: in Siberian dialects, this was the name of a runaway tramp. Such nicknames were ubiquitous in Russia in all segments of the population. The hunchback, eventually received the name Gorbunov.
Dolganov Igor
The surname Dolganov comes from the nickname Dolgan: this is how he called tall, tall people. However, this word has another meaning. Dolgans are a people living in the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. In this case, a representative of this nationality or one who lived among the Dolgans for some time could get the nickname Dolgan.
Emelyanova Anna
The basis of the surname Emelyanov was the church name Emelyan. The surname Emelyanov comes from the church male name Emelyan. This name has Greek origin and translates as "flattering". Emelyan, eventually received the surname Emelyanov.
Zazersky Danil
The surname Zazersky is formed from the place of residence - behind the lake. During numerous censuses of surnames, the vowel o in the stem was lost.
green yana
The surname Green is derived from the nickname Green. It originates from a similar adjective. It is possible that a special meaning was attached to this nickname, associated with the symbolism of the green color, which in the ideas of many peoples personified spring, ripening, fertility, resurrection, life. Besides, green color meant continuity. The expression "evergreen" already in the old days meant immortality, as a derivative of a mixture of yellow (earth) and blue (sky). However, green is the color of immaturity. Therefore, the nickname Green could get a young, inexperienced person.
Ivanova Irina
The surname Ivanov belongs to a common type of Russian surnames and is formed from a baptismal name. The surname Ivanov goes back to the Russian version of the canonical male name John (from Hebrew - "God's mercy"). It is known that in ancient Judea it was pronounced as Jochanaan. The Russian name probably comes from Van, the progenitor of the Slavs, since in ancient times all Slavs were called "vans". Christianity added only one letter "i" to the name.
Ilyina Ksenia
The basis of the surname of Ilyin was the church name Ilya. The surname Ilyina comes from the male baptismal name Ilya, which is a modified form biblical name Eliyahu. The latter is translated from Hebrew as "my God is the Lord", that is, "My God is the true God." The patron of this name is Elijah the Prophet - a legendary figure in the Jewish and Christian tradition, a miracle worker and soothsayer, a formidable denouncer of idolatry.
Ishutin Ivan
The surname Ishutin is formed from the name Ishut, diminutive form male personal name Ivan. It historically goes back to the canonical male personal name John, which in Hebrew means "God's mercy."
Komarov Artyom
Surnames derived from the names of insects are few in comparison with "bird" and "animal" surnames. Nevertheless, the surname Komarov entered the top 100 most used Russian surnames. It goes back to the nickname Mosquito. So they could call a person short, with a thin voice or somewhat importunate.
Kosheleva Karina
The surname Koshelev, according to one of the hypotheses, goes back to the noun "purse" in the meaning of "a bag for storing money." In this case, a rich but stingy person could get the nickname Koshel. However, most likely, the surname originates from the nickname Koshel, which was given to a clumsy, awkward person. Koshel, eventually received the name Koshelev.
Lugachev Vitaly
The nickname Lugach, most likely, goes back to the common noun "meadow" - "small grass plain". Therefore, both the owner of the meadow and the person who lived in the meadow or in locality with a name derived from the word "meadow". Lugach, eventually received the surname Lugachev.
Matyushkin Denis
The basis of the surname Matyushkin was the church name Matvey. The surname Matyushkin goes back to the male name Matyushka, a colloquial diminutive form of the baptismal name Matvey. It means "Man of God" in Hebrew.
Mikhailova xenia
The basis of the surname Mikhailov was the church name Mikhail. The male baptismal name Michael, translated from Hebrew, means "equal, like God." The basis of the surname Mikhailov was his old everyday form - Mikhailo.
Osipov Denis
The surname Osipov is most likely formed from the name Osip, the folk form of the baptismal male name Joseph. It, in turn, is of Hebrew origin and in translation means "God will multiply" or "God will add."
Tokareva Anastasia
The surname Tokarev probably comes from the nickname Tokar, which goes back to a similar common noun. Obviously, such a nickname refers to the so-called "professional" names, indicating the type of human activity: most likely, the founder of the Tokarev family was a turner. According to another hypothesis, the Tokarev surname is based not on a nickname, but on the worldly name Tokar, which goes back to the common noun "turner" - popular name grouse birds.
Trubacheva Tatyana Mikhailovna (class teacher).
The surname Trubachev is derived from the nickname Trumpeter. Most likely, it refers to the so-called "professional" names containing an indication of the occupation of a person. Usually, in the past, a trumpet player was called a trumpet player, then a chimney sweep, and in the 19th century, a fireman who blew a trumpet when the team left. It is also possible that such a nickname was worn by the seller musical instruments or a craftsman. The trumpeter eventually received the surname Trubachev.
Filimonov Konstantin
The basis of the surname Filimonov was the church name Filimon. The surname Filimonov goes back to the church male name Filimon. This name came to Russian from ancient Greek and is derived from the verb “phileo”, which means “to love”. Filimon eventually received the surname Filimonov.
Yakimova Anastasia
The basis of the surname Yakimov was the church name Joachim. The name Yakim is an everyday variant of the male name Joachim, which in Hebrew means “set by God.” Initially, the name Joachim in Russian began to sound like Akim, and in some localities, under the influence of “cheating” or “yaking” dialects, like Ekim or Yakim. One should also not exclude the possibility of the formation of the surname Yakimov from the nickname Yakim: sometimes this name was used as a common noun in the meaning of "simpleton".
Yakovlev Alexey
The surname Yakovlev comes from the baptismal male name Jacob, which is the secular analogue of the church name Jacob. This name is translated from Hebrew as "second born." Most likely, the founder of the Yakovlev family received this name from his parents in honor of the patron saint James Zebedee, the apostle of Jesus Christ.
Conclusion
The research work convinced us that surnames can be an interesting source for historical, sociological, linguistic research, as they reflect time and a person - his social status and spiritual world.
Personal attitude to the work done
With our work, we would like to encourage people to study the origins of their surname. After all, this is a very informative, exciting and interesting activity. Ancient Russian surnames, including the surnames of our classmates, provide the richest material for the study of the historical past of both our country and each of us. History is written in the language of the people. And what, no matter how proper names (surnames, names), can give us answers to many questions!
Hypothesis proven
We learned about the origins of our surnames, this allowed us to expand our understanding of family roots, of our distant ancestors.
Literature
- Barashkov VF Surnames based on calendar names / VF Barashkov // Anthroponymy. - M.: Nauka, 1970. - S. 110-114.
- Ganzhina I. M. Dictionary of modern Russian surnames. - M.: Astrel, AST, 2001. - 672 p. - ISBN 5-271-00127-X, ISBN 5-237-04101-9.
- Nikonov V. A. Dictionary of Russian surnames / Comp. E. L. Krushelnitsky; foreword R. Sh. Dzharylgasinova. - M .: School-Press, 1993. - 224 p. - ISBN 5-88527-011-2.
- Nikonov V. A. Geography of surnames / Ed. ed. S. I. Brook; foreword R. Sh. Dzharylgasinova. - 3rd ed., stereotypical. - M.: KomKniga, 2007. - 200 p. - ISBN 978-5-484-00762-2.
- Systems of personal names among the peoples of the world: Sat. Art. - M.: Nauka (GRVL), 1989.
- Superanskaya A.V., Suslova A.V. Modern Russian surnames / Ed. ed. corresponding member Academy of Sciences of the USSR F. P. Filin - M .: Nauka, 1981/1984. - 176 p. - (Literary criticism and linguistics). - Extra, shooting gallery, 100,000 copies. (reg.)
- Unbegaun B. O. Russian surnames = Russian surnames / Per. from English: L. Kurkina, V. Neroznak, E. Squires; total ed. B. A. Uspensky. - M., 1989. - 448 p. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-01-001045-3 (Reg.)
- Unbegaun B. O. Russian surnames = Russian surnames / Per. from English; total ed. B. A. Uspensky. - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Progress Publishing Group, 1995. - 448 p. -50,000 copies - ISBN 5-01-004266-5 (super)
- Fedosyuk Yu. A. Russian surnames: A popular etymological dictionary. - 5th ed. - M.: Flinta, The science, 2004. - 240 p. - ISBN 5-89349-216-1, ISBN 5-02-002782-0.; - 6th ed., corrected. - M.: Flinta, Nauka, 2004. - 240 p.
My last name, my family.
Project completed
Kovalchuk Daniil,
students of 3 "B" class MAOU "Lyceum"
Head: Artemova V.S.
Word SURNAME
of Latin origin from family , which in translation into Russian means "family".
- 14th - 15th centuries - princes, boyars
- 16th - 18th centuries - nobles
- The end of the 19th century (until the 30s of the twentieth century) - peasants
- type of Ukrainian-Belarusian surnames
- formed from a personal nickname, from Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word "forger" - "blacksmith".
- English Smith (English smith - blacksmith),
- German Schmidt (German schmidt - blacksmith),
- French Ferran (fr. Forgeron - blacksmith),
- Spanish Herrero (Spanish herrero - blacksmith),
- Russian Kuznetsov, Kovalev
In old documents there are:
Kovalenok Peter, peasant, 1628 Belev; Koval, peasant, 1545 Novgorod; Kovanka Stepan, peasant, 1624 Kurmysh; Kovacs Yermak, peasant, early XV Beloozero; Ivan Kovachev, peasant, 1627 Belev.
My prominent namesakes
Ilya Valerievich Kovalchuk - Russian ice hockey player
Anna Kovalchuk -
theater and film actress
My prominent namesakes
Mikhail Valentinovich Kovalchuk -
Russian physicist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Julia Kovalchuk -
Russian singer, TV presenter.
My prominent namesakes
Boris Mikhailovich Kovalchuk - Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Alexander Sergeevich Kovalchuk - leader of the Soviet and Russian Navy, Rear Admiral
My family tree.
Kovalchuk Daniil Denisovich
Kovalchuk Victoria Sergeevna
Kovalchuk Denis Dmitrievich
caregiver
Individual entrepreneur
MBDOU " Kindergarten No. 4 "Sun"
Kovalchuk Tatyana Leontievna
Kovalchuk Dmitry Anatolievich
Chief Engineer of the grain farm "Kashtanovskiy"
Technology teacher MOU Kashtanovskaya secondary school
Pankov Leonty Mikheevich
Nekrasova Lidia Gavrilovna
Kovalchuk Antonina Davydovna
a housewife
Kovalchuk Anatoly Antonovich
Foreman of the grain farm "Kashtanovskiy"
Pankov Mikhey Leontievich
Gitalo Irina
Kovalchuk Anton Dmitrievich
Matveevna
Nekrasov Gavriil Gavrilovich
Trunova Lyubov Yakovlevna
Solodkov David Alekseevich
Sinyapkina Arina Mikhailovna
I am with my grandfather Kovalchuk Dmitry Anatolyevich
My great-grandfather Anatoly Antonovich Kovalchuk
with my dad Kovalchuk Denis Dmitrievich
I'm with dad Kovalchuk Denis Dmitrievich and mom Victoria Sergeevna
My grandmother Kovalchuk (Pankova) Tatyana Leontievna and me
From left to right:
Kovalchuk Anatoly Antonovich (my great-grandfather)
Gitalo Irina Matveevna (my great-great-grandmother)
Garapshina (Kovalchuk) Claudia Anatolyevna
Kovalchuk Anton Dmitrievich (my great-great-grandfather)
Kovalchuk (Solodkova) Antonina Davydovna (my great-grandmother)
My great-grandmother - Kovalchuk (Solodkova) Antonina Davydovna
Passport Office
City registry office
In Uryupinsk and the region, 207 people bear the name Kovalchuk
1. Do you know the origin of your last name?
1. Do you know the origin of your last name?
Survey of classmates and parents
2. Can you name your famous namesakes?
2. Can you name your famous namesakes?
There is a saying that parents are not chosen. And here you can make a small addition: the surname too. AT modern world exists great amount funny, strange and just interesting surnames. This is what we want to talk about in our article.
Pleasant surnames
A person can have a surname that will be not only harmonious, but also pleasant in terms of its meaning. So, a girl of not too beautiful appearance can have the surname Beautiful, and no one will argue with that! It is very pleasant when Dobro Vova or Reason Zhenya is called to the board at school. Cheerful Anya will most likely never be sad, and Happiness Denis is unlikely to cause inconvenience to anyone.
Labor surnames
A very interesting surname is Turner or Locksmith. Here you don’t need to choose a place of work, everything is already determined by fate. “Hi, I’m Tokar Alexander” - “Hi, but we didn’t call you!” - here is an example of a funny situation that can happen to a person whose last name is too professional. The surname of a female narcologist Kalyan, as well as traumatologists Girya and Cactus, sounds quite fun. There is no longer a surname defines workplace, and the work itself finds people with suitable names.
Geography and climate
A very interesting surname. "To whom shall we go? Gore! Also, people can have surnames Winter or Spring, which is not offensive at all. Often you can meet the Vershinins, Travyannikovs, Solntsevs. This, of course, does not sound so indirect, but you can still understand the meaning.
summer residents
What else is an interesting surname? So, people have "country" or "garden" surnames. For example, Cabbage Olga or Drought Oksana. Perch, crucian carp or pike are very suitable for male fishermen. Polivaev Semyon is unlikely to abandon his garden, he will definitely be in order. Delicious "country" surnames can be like this: Radish, Parsley, Potato. Or various variations on this subject: Morkovitsyn, Pomidornikov, Yablonin.
About magic
The person with the last name Focus will be very lucky. Here he, probably, can surprise anyone. There are also Koldunovs and Talismanovs. And a person with the surname Miracle is unlikely to be ordinary, and few people will refuse to be friends with the Miracle.
Briefly and clearly
A very interesting surname - Ku - belongs to Ivan Petrovich. Write quickly, and people will remember for a long time. With the same simple surnames- for example, As, Kim - it will be easy to live, because few people will read it incorrectly or find it difficult to pronounce. And the mistakes of passport officers in this case are hardly possible. Although who knows?
Beverages
Alcoholic names are very interesting. So, men will like Comrade Vodkin or Cognac. At the wedding, the main man will always be Nalivaikin. At the same time, one should be wary of the consequences of such a riotous lifestyle, otherwise Belochnikov will come.
Food
What other interesting surnames are there? The list can be replenished with delicious examples of them. So, you can remember the film "Queen of the gas station", where the hero Comrade Borsch was. Also not bad people live with the surname Sweet (or Sweet). Surnames such as Varenik or Salo can be very national.
Effective
A very interesting surname Dergorukov. It just motivates you to take action. Probably very evil people live with the surname Perebionos. There is also a hairdresser Zaveyborod.
Nominal
I would also like to consider interesting names and last names. Andreevich or Petrov Petr Petrovich will sound rather unusual. On the other hand, this is good, you can easily and without problems remember the name of a person. If we talk about surnames derived from names, then the following can be mentioned as an example: Mashechkins, Lyubimovs, Adamovichs.
Animals
"Animals" surnames will seem very beautiful and unusual. The first inspired thought is a phrase from the film “The weather is good on Deribasovskaya ....”: “Falcon, Orlov!” - "Eagle, Sokolov!" So try to understand where is the compliment, and where is the surname. So, the Bunnies, Lions, Lebedevs, Kotenochkins and Sobakovs live in our country.
Plants
Interesting last names for girls, what are they? It is unlikely that any lady will grieve if she has the surname Rose or Flower. The surname of Vinogradov or Berezkin, Yablochnikov or Romashka sounds just as beautiful. For men, "wooden" surnames are suitable: Oak, Topolev, Kashtannikov.
Military
The most interesting surnames are probably "military". They will be wary of a person whose last name is Hitler. But there are such people! But Polkovnikov, Mayorov, Admiralov are relatively calm, but still a little defining the sphere of life of the surname.
Aristocracy
The name Romanov sounds very beautiful and noble. Just like that I want to be closer to the royal family. However, this is just a derivative of Roman. And there are many Romanovs, but not all of them. The surname Shuisky, Obolensky also sounds very pleasant. And, of course, the surnames Onegin, Kostomarov, Pechorin, Polonsky are out of competition. And they sound beautiful, and have already been heard.
strange
A very interesting surname - Vagina - belongs to Irina. That's just not to be confused, the emphasis here is on the first syllable. However, this is not yet the most difficult case, as they say. There are so many strange surnames, which is generally not very clear how a person lives with it. Look especially fun foreign surnames on our territory. Maya Bee lives in Belarus, well, right fairy tale character. Good, probably, a woman with the surname Dobrobaba. And the most hardworking workers of the collective farm are, most likely, Svinar and Khryukin.
Bad last names
If you have to get acquainted with a person whose surname is Gnida, from the first time it is unlikely that anyone will trust him. Sometimes you don’t even want to develop an acquaintance, who knows how it could all end. The surnames Beda or Grave may seem unpleasant, however, according to historians, they are considered quite happy, and the people who wore them were lucky in life. It's a shame, probably, to bear such a surname as Skotina, but what can you do, the legacy of our ancestors.
Needless to say, there are a lot of unusual and interesting surnames, it is a pity that it is impossible to bring them all within the framework of one article.
This project - teamwork teacher Trofimova N.N. and students
4 B class Grigoryeva Yulia.
Being born, a person receives not only a name, but also inherits the surname of his
ancestors. And everyone, sooner or later, thinks about the question "What
does my last name mean? Unfortunately, most of us find it difficult
explain the meaning of even very familiar and familiar surnames. But
the original word from which the surname was formed meant something!
Hundreds and thousands of words that have disappeared from the living have come down to us through surnames.
language. The more obscure and familiar surnames we
"Decipher", the more we learn the forgotten words. And thus open
a lot of new about our ancestors, their occupations, way of life, beliefs. A material
for these discoveries is not located anywhere in the museum, archives or for the family
seals, but literally everywhere: every hour we pronounce, hear from
interlocutors, we read the names of different people in books.
Explore the origin story
and the meaning of their surname and the surnames of classmates.
The history of the surname is the history of our ancestors, the history of the family, and
to get in touch with history means to take a step towards the knowledge of one's own kind,
to the compilation and preservation of the genealogy of his family.
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A surname is a family name added to a person's given name and patronymic. The name for each of us was chosen by our parents. The patronymic is formed from the name of the father. Our surname is also, as a rule, paternal, and passed to the father from the grandfather ...(problem issue)
After reviewing the list of surnames of students in our class, I came to the conclusion that I find it difficult to explain the meaning of even very familiar surnames. But every original word, from which the surname was formed, meant something! Hundreds and thousands of words that have disappeared from the living language have come down to us through surnames. The more incomprehensible surnames we “decipher”, the more we will recognize forgotten words. And thus we will discover a lot of new things about our ancestors, their occupations, life, beliefs, the wider and more complete our ideas about the past of our Motherland will be.(hypothesis)
And the material for these discoveries is not found somewhere in a museum, archive or behind seven seals, but literally everywhere: every hour we pronounce, hear from interlocutors, read the names of different people in books. We read, but we don't think. Let's try to make sure that our surnames keep many curious secrets.
The purpose of the research work:study of the history of origin and the meaning of one's surname and the surnames of classmates.
tasks:
To study materials on the history of the origin and meanings of surnames in Russia;
To identify what factors influenced the process of formation of surnames;
School?
methods : collection of information and materials on this topic, analysis of the collected materials, interviewing and questioning my family members, questioning students and parents of the 4th grade, comparing different points of view and opinions on this topic.
does my last name mean? So I asked myself this question, but I could not answer it right away. At the very beginning of our work, we conducted a survey
among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you (do you know) what your (your) surname means?” Survey results again
6 gave a positive answer.
surnames.
1. The magic key to discovering these secrets of our surnames is science. anthroponymy.
This science has existed since the 60s of the 20th century. Word"anthroponymy"
translated from Greek as " anthropo" - a person and "onyma" - a name. The science
studies personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames of people.
Famous philologists dealt with issues of anthroponymy:
A.V.Superanskaya, V.D. Bondaletov, I.A. Korolev, T.F. Vedina.
2. The word "surname" of Latin origin: "famulus" means "slave",
"A surname is a hereditary family name added to a personal name."
3 .The first surnames in the now known sense arose in the 10-11th centuries in
Northern Italy.
In Russia, the first to have the right to have surnames werein the 14th-15th centuries princes and boyars.
From the 16th century surnames began to have nobles.
In the 18th and 19th centuries surnames receivedservants and merchants, in the 19th century -
Russian clergy, in end of the 19th century and up to the 30s of the 20th century –
peasants ( after the abolition of serfdom in 1861). Before
4 .Most often Russian surnames are formed from nicknames and personal namesthrough possessive adjectives. They have suffixes–ov/-ev, -in and answer the question"Whose? Whose will you be?The difference is in what sound the generating word ends with:-ov added to names and
Nicknames into a hard consonant(Ignat-Ignatov, Mikhail - Mikhailov),
Ev to names and nicknamesinto a soft consonant(Grigory-Grigoriev,
Ignatius-Ignatiev),-in - to the basics on -a, -я (Erema-Eremin, Ilya-Ilyin).
5 .According to scientists, Russian surnames can be divided into 5 main groups:
1 ) derived from Christian male baptismal names(Sergeev,
Andreev). This is the largest group of surnames. So, for example, the name Ivan
In our class, out of 26 surnames, 10 are formed from male names.
2 ) surnames that retained basically worldly (which were given without the participation of the church) names and nicknames.
Our ancestors received nicknames for some distinctive feature, for example, height - Korotkov, gait - Volokushin, etc. According to research, the most common surname in Russia is Smirnov. Why? It turns out that before large family Peasant parents sighed with relief if quiet, unobtrusive children were born. This is a rather rare quality and is captured in the name of Smyrna. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life, since the church name was immediately forgotten. In our class, 11 surnames are formed from worldly names and nicknames (Gushchina, Vyguzova, etc.).
3 ) surnames formed from the professional nicknames of ancestorstelling which of them did what. There are 4 such surnames in our class (Baibara, Wagner, Gurnik, Konopkin).
4) surnames formed from the name of the area where one of the ancestors came from.The basis of such surnames became geographical names (Moskvina)
5) surnames belonging to the Orthodox clergy(Trinity - in honor of the Holy Trinity, Rozhdestvensky - in honor of Christmas).
6. Thus, after analyzing all the collected materials, we came to
I conclude that my last name Grigorieva derived from the name Gregory. From
Grigoriev. What does she mean? The baptismal name Gregory goes back to the Greek verb "grigoreo" - "keep awake." The name Gregory was associated with many saints, but above all with St. Gregory the Wonderworker, probably the first bearer of this name. The high religious and historical status of the name led to its frequent use in church circles, both in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions: 16 popes and 7 patriarchs of Constantinople were bearers of the name.
The fact that surnames formed from the full form of the name had families that enjoyed great authority in the area. Neighbors respectfully called them full name, unlike other estates, which were called, as a rule, pet names(Grishkin, Grishunin, etc.)
Having begun to study the meaning of my surname, the origins of its origin, I
7 .The number of surnames derived from given names is great. it
It's actually? What is the most common last name in our school?
Analysis of the lists by class led to the conclusion: the most common surname in our school- Popovs , and my surname is 0.16% of the total number of surnames (1236).
There can be many reasons for the widespread use of the Popov family name. Not all Popovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko) as a personal name was quite common among the laity. Religious parents gladly gave their children this name. This once again testifies to the deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people.
Conclusions:
There are 26 students in our class. The theme of our work has become
In order to systematize and generalize the accumulated material, we have prepared the album "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."
origins. There are a large number of dictionaries, books, scientific papers on this topic. And the topic always remains interesting and relevant.
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Slides captions:
The secret of my last name
“Who was your great-grandfather in Russia? Ask your last name ... "G. Graudin
Problematic question: Where did surnames come from and who invented them?
Hypothesis: Our surnames keep a lot of curious secrets, are closely connected with the history of our Motherland.
Purpose: To study the history of the origin and meanings of one's own surname and the surnames of classmates.
Tasks: To study materials on the history of the origin and meanings of surnames in Russia. To identify what factors influenced the process of formation of surnames. Conduct a study "What is the most common surname in our school?" Create a cool album “4 b class. The secret of our families.
Results of the survey: At the very beginning of our work, a survey was conducted among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you know (do you know) what your (your) surname means?” children parents number of people 54 56 Positive response 6 11 Negative response 48 45
Anthroponymy (Greek and ntropos - "man") - the science of proper names people is one of the youngest philological disciplines.
Surname The word "surname" is of Latin origin. Among the ancient Romans, it did not refer to spouses and children, but only to slaves. "Familia" are slaves owned by one person
SURNAME - hereditary family naming, added to a personal name. "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova
When did the first surnames appear? In Europe: X - XI century. in. - Northern Italy, France, then - England, Denmark, Germany (X I - X I X centuries) In Russia: X IV - X V centuries. - princes, boyars of the X VI -X VIII centuries. - nobles of the XVIII -XI X centuries. - servicemen and merchants XI X century - Russian clergy End of the XI X century (until the 30s of the XX century) - peasants
Decree of Peter I: “Record all people living in .... localities, by name with fathers and with nicknames” (
The formation of surnames from personal names and nicknames
Surname groups by meaning:
The formation of the surname Grigoriev The church name Grigory served as the basis for the surname Grigoriev. Baptismal male name Gregory in Greek means "awake, awake, vigilant." One of the patrons of this name is St. Gregory, Patriarch of Antioch, who became famous for his piety, modesty and desire to make the life of believers, especially people from the people, less difficult. Among the eminent representatives of the family are Vasily Vasilyevich Grigoriev (1816-1881), an orientalist, by origin a nobleman of the Vladimir province; Pyotr Grigoryevich Grigoriev (1807-1854), Russian actor and playwright.
The most common surnames in our school: 1. Popov 2. Ivanov 3. Belyakov (Belyaev) 4. Mikhailov (Mikhalin) 5. Ushakov 6. Petrov 7. Fomin 8. Filatov 9. Uvarov 10. Pavlov 11. Nikulin (Nikolin, Nikolaev ) 12.Miloserdov 13.Matveev 14.Makarov 15.Kuznetsov
The result of our work:
Conclusions: The history of a surname is the history of my ancestors, the history of my family, and to get in touch with history means to take a step towards knowing one's kind, to compiling and preserving the genealogy of one's family. Interest in the study of surnames instills in us love for our family, our origins, respect for the history of both our own and other peoples.
Some surnames originated from place names. From them you can get an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the settlement of this area took place. Many surnames are reminiscent of disappeared professions: Bortnikov, Konovalov, Luchnikov, Mechnikov, Sokolnikov and others. The history of work and life left a trace in the surnames, the lexical bases of which meant social relations(Batrakov, Polovnikov), clothing items (Laptev, Nogovitsyn), food (Shangin, Sbitnev), customs and rituals (Panihidin, Ryazhennykh). Many surnames talk about past superstitions: in families where children often died, newborns, in order to deceive " evil spirit", gave the names of the amulets: Naiden, Nenash, Nakhodka, patronymics from which later became surnames - Naidenov, Nenashev, Nakhodkin. The surnames Nekrasov, Fools, Negodyaev are connected with the names-amulets.
The research work convinced us that surnames can be an interesting source for historical, sociological, linguistic research, as they reflect time and a person - his social status and spiritual world.
Sources of information: About Russian surnames /A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. : Shkola Press, 1993. Russian surnames. Popular etymological dictionary / Yu.A. Fedosyuk. : Flinta: Science, 2006. Sweet Gift, or The Secret of Names and Nicknames /A. Ktorova.: Gamma-Press, 2002. Dictionary of Russian surnames / Compiled by E.L. Krushelsky. : School-Press, 1993. Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning / T.F. Vedina .: AST Astrel, 2007. http: // ru. Wikipedia.org/http://slovari.yandex.ru./
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my secret
surnames
municipal autonomous
educational institution
"Secondary School No. 30"
4th grade b
scientific adviser
Trofimova Natalya Nikolaevna
Pages
- Contents 1
- Introduction 2 - 3
Project relevance
Goals and objectives of the project
Research methods
Literature review
- Main part 4 - 8
- Conclusion 9
- References 10
- Applications
The word "surname" comes from the Latin familia - family. Once and in
in Russian, “surname” could mean “family”, this is reminded
expressions "family resemblance", "family traditions". Connection between
the words "family" and "surname" are not accidental, the surname is a family
a name added to a person's given name and patronymic. Name for everyone
we were chosen by our parents. The patronymic is formed from the name of the father, which, in
in turn, he was given by his parents - our grandparents. Last name
us, too, as a rule, paternal, and passed to the father from the grandfather, to the grandfather from the great-grandfather ...
Who invented it first, where did it come from?
After reviewing the list of names of students in our class, I came to the conclusion that
that I find it difficult to explain the meaning of even very familiar and familiar
surnames such as Vorobyova, Androsov, Nikitina. But each original
the word from which the surname was formed meant something! Through surnames
hundreds and thousands of words have come down to us that have disappeared from the living language completely or
preserved only in local dialects. The more
we will “decipher” incomprehensible surnames, the more we will learn the forgotten words.
And thus we will discover a lot of new things about our ancestors, their occupations, life,
beliefs, the wider and fuller will be our ideas about the past of our
Motherland. And the material for these discoveries is not somewhere in the museum,
archive or behind seven seals, but literally everywhere: we say hourly,
we hear from interlocutors, we read the names of different people in books. We read, but
we do not think. Let's try to make sure that our names are stored in
a lot of interesting secrets.
The magic key to the discovery of these mysteries is the science of anthroponymy.
This science has existed since the 60s of the 20th century. The word "anthroponymy"
translated from Greek as "anthropo" - a person and "onyma" - a name. The science
studies personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames of people. Development
The main issues of anthroponymy were dealt with by well-known philologists:
A.V.Superanskaya, V.D. Bondaletov, I.A. Korolev, T.F. Vedina. This science
young, only developing, there are still many questions to be answered
find answers to scientists (for example, it is not known exactly how many surnames
exists in Russia - it is believed that from 500 thousand to 2 million).
The purpose of our research work:study the history of origin and
the meaning of my surname and the surnames of my classmates.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following
tasks:
To study materials on the history of origin and the meaning of surnames in Russia;
Find out what factors influenced the process of forming surnames;
Conduct a study "What is the most common surname in our
School?
Create a cool album "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."
In writing our research paper, we used the following
methods: collection of information and materials on this topic, analysis of the collected
materials, interviewing and questioning my family members, questionnaires
pupils and parents of the 4th grade, comparison of different points
perspectives and opinions on the topic.
Being born, a person receives not only a name, but also inherits the surname of his
Ancestors. And everyone, sooner or later, thinks about the question "What
does my last name mean? So I asked myself this question, but to answer immediately
couldn't do it. At the very beginning of our work, we conducted a survey
among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you know (do you know)
What does your (your) last name mean? Survey results again
proved the relevance of work on this topic. Of the 54 children surveyed
6 gave a positive answer, and 48 do not know the meaning of their last name.
Of the 56 parents interviewed, 11 attempted to explain the meaning of their
surnames, 45 - gave a negative answer. (See Appendix)
I tried to involve my classmates in my research work,
to interest them in this topic, and I succeeded. Guys with pleasure
engaged in work on this topic.
Having collected and studied materials from various sources of information (books,
dictionaries, the Internet), here's what we learned:
1. The word "surname" of Latin origin: "famulus" means "slave",
"servant". And initially the "surname" in ancient Rome called everyone
Slaves owned by one person. This is a late one-root word
"Familia" began to denote family, genus. In Russia, the word "surname" is also
At first it was used in the meaning of "family". In the 17th and 18th centuries there were still
The word "nickname": in those days it meant, called a surname. And
Only in the 19th century did the word "surname" acquire its second meaning, which became
Main. In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S.I. Ozhegov it is written:
Surname is a hereditary family name added to a personal name.
Name."
2. The first surnames in the now known sense arose in the 10-11 centuries in
Northern Italy.
In Russia, the first to have the right to have surnames were the princes in the 14-15 centuries
And boyars. From the 16th century, nobles began to have surnames.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Emperor Peter I issued a Decree: “Record all
People living in localities, by names with fathers and with nicknames.
In the 18-19 centuries, servants and merchants received surnames, in the 19 century -
Russian clergy, at the end of the 19th century and up to the 30s of the 20th century -
Peasants (after the abolition of serfdom in 1861). Before
Serfs in Russia were not supposed to have a surname.
3. Most often, Russian surnames are formed from nicknames and personal names through
Possessive adjectives. They have suffixes –ov/-ev, -in and
They answer the question “Whose? Whose will you be? The difference lies in which
The sound ends with the generating word: -ov was added to the names and
Nicknames for a hard consonant (Ignat-Ignatov, Mikhail - Mikhailov),
Ev to names and nicknames on a soft consonant (Grigory-Grigoriev,
Ignatius-Ignatiev), -in - to the basics on -a, -i (Erema-Eremin, Ilya-Ilyin).
4. According to scientists, Russian surnames can be divided into 5 main groups:
1) formed from Christian male baptismal names (Sergeev,
Andreev). This is the largest group of surnames, which indicates
The deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people. So, for example, the name Ivan
(John), translated as "the grace of God", was the most
Common in Russia. Hence one of the most common
In Russia, surnames are Ivanov (Vanin, Vanyushin, Ivannikov).
In our class, out of 26 surnames, 10 are formed from male names (see appendix).
2) surnames that retained basically worldly ones (which were given without
church participation) names and nicknames. Our ancestors got nicknames for
Some distinguishing feature, for example, height - Korotkov, gait -
Volokushin, etc. According to research, the most common
The surname in Russia is Smirnov. Why? It turns out that earlier in a large
Peasant parents sighed with relief if they were born quiet,
Non-screaming children. This is a rather rare quality and imprinted in the name
Smirnaya. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life,
Because the church was immediately forgotten.
In our class, 11 surnames are formed from worldly names and nicknames (Gushchina,
Vyguzov, Shishkin and others).
3) surnames formed from professional nicknames of ancestors,
Telling which of them did what. In our class of such surnames -
4 (Baibara, Wagner, Gurnik, Konopkin).
4) surnames formed from the name of the area where one of the
Ancestors. Geographical names became the basis of such surnames.
(Novgorodtsev, Moskvina)
5) surnames belonging to the Orthodox clergy (Troitsky - in
Honor of the Holy Trinity, Rozhdestvensky - in honor of Christmas).
5. Thus, after analyzing all the collected materials, we came to
I conclude that my surname (Grigorieva) came from the name Grigory. From
The name was formed patronymic (Grigoriev son), and then the surname
Grigoriev. What does she mean?
The family name of the Grigorievs refers to a common type of Russian
Surnames. The baptismal name Gregory comes from the Greek verb
"grigoreo" - "keep awake". Gregory is one of the few actually
Christian names that appeared in the era of the formation of Christianity,
The name was metaphorically compared with the personal qualities of the ideal
Christian. The name Gregory was associated with many saints, but before
In total - with St. Gregory the Wonderworker, probably the first bearer
This name. The high religious and historical status of the name determined it
Frequent use in ecclesiastical circles, both Catholic and
Orthodox tradition: the bearers of the name were 16 popes and
7 Patriarchs of Constantinople.
Our ancestors believed that when forming a surname from a baptismal name
The patronage of the saints goes to the whole family. Most likely the founder
The Grigoriev family was a man from the privileged class. The thing is
The fact that surnames formed from the full form of the name had mainly
Social nobility or families who enjoyed great
Other estates, called, as a rule, diminutive derivatives,
Common names (Grishkin, Grishunin, etc.)
Of course, the surname Grigorieva is a wonderful
Monument of Slavic writing and culture. No wonder that
Having begun to study the meaning of my surname, the origins of its origin, I
I would like to know my family tree. And this topic, I think, will become
Continuation of our further research work.
6. The number of surnames derived from names is a great many. it
It prompted us to do a little research. Everyone is hearing
The most common surnames: Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov. But is it
Is it for real? What is the most common last name in our school?
Where does my last name fit on this list?
Analysis of the lists by class led to the conclusion that the most common
The last name in our school is the Popovs, and my last name is 0.16% of
The total number of surnames (1236), (see appendix).
There can be many reasons for the widespread use of the Popov family name.
Not all Popovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko)
As a personal name, it was quite common among the laity. religious
Parents gladly named their children by this name. This is once again
It testifies to the deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people.
Conclusion.
The history of the surname is the history of my ancestors, the history of my family, and
to get in touch with history means to take a step towards the knowledge of one's own kind,
to the compilation and preservation of the genealogy of his family.
This research work is the result of a collaboration between scientific
leader, students and parents of our class for several
months. There are 26 students in our class. The theme of our work has become
Interesting to classmates, they also wanted to unravel the secret of their
Surnames. We shared the results of our work with other students.
classes who enthusiastically joined the study of this topic.
In order to systematize and generalize the accumulated material, we are preparing
collection "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."
We have achieved our goal, but we do not consider that our work is finished.
Interest in the study of surnames instills in us love for our family, our
origins, respect for the history of both their own and other peoples. Exists
a large number of dictionaries, books, scientific papers on this topic. A theme
always remains interesting and relevant.
Bibliography.
- About Russian surnames
/A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. : School Press, 1993.
- Russian surnames. Popular etymological dictionary
/ Yu.A. Fedosyuk. : Flint: Science, 2006.
- Sweet Gift, or the Secret of Names and Nicknames
/BUT. Ktorova.: Gamma-Press, 2002.
- Dictionary of Russian surnames
/ Compiled by E.L. Krushelsky. : School-Press, 1993.
- Surnames
/B. Higir. : AST Astrel, 2006.
- Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning
/T.F.Vedina.: AST Astrel, 2007.
Applications.
- Mini survey.
Parents and children were asked the question “Do you know what
Your last name?"
Number of participants: 110 people.
- Analysis of the names of students according to the method of their education.
Purpose: Determining the most common way of education
Surnames among students of two classes.
Number of participants: 54 people.
- Analysis of the lists of students of MAOU secondary school No. 30 in Tambov.
Purpose: Identification of the most common surnames among students
Our school.
Number of participants: 1236 people.
The 15 most common surnames of our school (in descending order):
1.Popov
2. Ivanov
3.Belyakov (Belyaev)
4.Mikhailov (Mikhalin)
5. Ushakov
6. Petrov
7. Fomin
8.Filatov
9. Uvarov
10. Pavlov
11. Nikulin (Nikolin, Nikolaev)
12. Merciful
13. Matveev
14. Makarov
15. Kuznetsov
