The chemical composition of paints for drawing. Varieties of paints for drawing and painting

Each person is individual, especially if he is engaged in creativity, for example, drawing. One loves brightness and saturation, the other loves tenderness and softness, and the third likes graphics. Many artists from the very beginning choose "their own path" and follow it throughout their lives, without trying themselves in other directions and types, but there are those who are not alien to experimentation and diversity. It is known that the artist works with a brush and paints, that's just about the second tool - we'll talk about paints in this article. Paints for drawing differ in a variety of types and purposes.

Watercolor. Watercolor paints belong to the group of glue paints. They are finely ground pigments that are mixed with special binders (they are based on vegetable glue). By the way, in high-grade paints, the binder is gum arabic, and in low-grade watercolors, dextrin. In order for the paints to be soft, honey or glycerin is added to them (everyone knows "Honey Watercolor", which we so often tried to taste in childhood).

Watercolor paints are transparent, they do not contain impurities (for example, white). Watercolor is available in several forms:

Liquid paints in tubes

Soft paints in cuvettes

Solid colors in tiles

Each kind watercolor paints has its advantages and disadvantages. So, liquid paints are practical in storage, they are perfectly diluted with water, but at the same time they are prone to delamination. The rest of the species, on the contrary, do not exfoliate, but are poorly soluble in water and become contaminated during storage. Remember that good watercolor paints lie flat on paper without clots, lumps, or spots. After drying, the paint should not rub off or crack.

Many artists love watercolor because the pictures painted with these paints are light, delicate, as if illuminated by some special light. The watercolor sky, water, sunrises and sunsets look especially picturesque. At the same time, with the help of watercolors, you can also write still lifes - they will turn out soft and expressive.

Gouache. In another way, gouache is called poster paints. They are a pasty mixture of pigments and emulsions (glycerin, phenol, alizarin oil, water). Gouache has special requirements:

Paints should be easy to take with a brush and lie on the surface in an even layer;

After drying, there should be no cracks;

In addition, after drying, high-quality gouache paints do not wear off, do not crumble, even if the picture is bent;

When stored, good gouache does not dry for a long time.

In case, nevertheless, gouache paints have dried up, they can be diluted plain water, but it is better, of course, to do this with a 3-5% solution of wood glue.

Working with gouache is both simple and difficult at the same time. It is easy to correct an error in a drawing - it is enough to apply another layer of paint that will cover the previous one. The difficulty lies in the fact that you need to be very careful about the process of mixing shades, the thickness of the paint layer. With all this, gouache paints created true masterpieces, for example, some of the works of Peter Paul Rubens and Pablo Picasso.

Oil paints. These are pigments ground in drying linseed, walnut or safflower oil. Such paints are diluted, as a rule, with drying oil. The following types of oil paints are produced:

- pasty paints. Before use, they must be diluted with drying oil;

Ready-made oil paints, which are already diluted in advance with either drying oil or turpentine. They can be painted immediately, just need to be mixed. Finished oil paints can be stored for one to three years. At the same time, they do not lose their qualities and do not dry out.

You can dilute the paints yourself, but it should be remembered that, for example, turpentine or white spirit significantly reduce the characteristics of paints: viscosity, strength, gloss. The degree of density of oil paints directly depends on your goals and features of work.

Oil paints can be opaque and glazing. Covering paints (lead, zinc white, chromium oxide, cinnabar) tightly cover the surface, and glazing paints (kraplak, ultramarine) are almost transparent.

Most often, we associate painting with oil paints, because they are mainly used by artists, starting from the 6th century. Realistic, lively, bright pictures are created with oil paints. Oil can be written not only on a standard canvas, but also on cardboard, wood, paper. And how many different techniques and approaches are revealed in working with oil paints!

However, it is important to know that before working with oil paints, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface: prime it. Oil painting is a real pleasure.

Tempera. Tempera paints are rubbed on egg yolk or an adhesive solution is used. From ancient times, tempera paints were very popular, but with the advent of oil paints, for some reason, they were undeservedly forgotten. Initially, tempera was used only in folk painting, but later its use was expanded. Tempera paints are very durable.

When choosing a tempera, be guided by the following criteria:

Paints should be well diluted with water, and after drying, they should not blur, on the contrary;

When dried, high-quality tempera paints do not change their color, do not crack or delaminate;

If tempera is stored in tubes, then it should not rot and thicken.

Tempera paints are perfectly combined with other materials for painting. In skillful hands, these paints can perform different functions: transparent watercolor layers, thick layers, like gouache, paste-like application, like oil.

Acrylic paints. Acrylic is a synthetic paint that is very practical and easy to use. These paints are somewhat similar to tempera: they dry quickly and form a thin waterproof film. It is convenient to work with acrylic on any surface, be it wood, glass, leather, fabric or metal.

Often, golden acrylic is used for furniture restoration - it can be used to refresh furniture well, giving it luxury and a special style.

Acrylic can be either matte or glossy. In progress acrylic paints it is allowed to dilute with water, but it is better, of course, to use a special liquid for this. To clean acrylic brushes, wash them with a specially designed emulsion.

Previously, Zhostovo masters worked with acrylic paints and created their own unique masterpieces, now more and more often use oil.

As you can see, there are a lot of paints for drawing, they all have their own characteristics. Decide what you want to try and choose accordingly suitable look colors! Good luck and inspiration!

In the world there are a variety of types of paints, for the most different types activities. However, there are paints that are designed for artistic work. First of all, it is, of course, paints for painting. AT fine arts artists use five main types of artistic paints: watercolor, gouache, oil, tempera and acrylic.

The vast majority of all paints consist of two main components: a pigment (coloring powder) and a binder (glue that holds the pigment particles together). There are many other components, such as antiseptics that prevent the development of bacteria in the paint, but the main ones are the pigment and the binder. Even the names of paints often come from the name of these components.

So, consider the composition of five types of artistic paints:

Watercolor paints. The composition of the binder of watercolor paints includes two main components - dextrin and gum arabic (resin of the Senegalese acacia). Ox bile is also added to watercolor, which improves the bond of paint to paper. Honey can also be added to the watercolor, which enhances the saturation of the color and gives the paint plasticity. In the manufacture of watercolor paints, when all the ingredients are mixed, the resulting viscous mass is ground and dried until it is hard enough for the paint to be packaged. In painting, artists dilute watercolor with water, working with a translucent solution. Therefore, watercolor paints must be transparent. For this purpose, finely ground pigment is used in their composition, i.e., very small particles of coloring powder and more binder. After drying, watercolors dissolve easily with water.

Gouache paints. The composition of gouache paints is similar to the composition of watercolors. This is a coloring pigment, gum arabic, dextrin, gum, ox bile, antiseptic. But gouache is an opaque paint that falls on paper with pasty strokes. Therefore, in addition to the main coloring pigment, a small amount of white is added to the paint. This makes gouache opaque, i.e., gives it opaque properties. Also, for this purpose, less binder and more pigment are added to gouache. Like watercolor, gouache paints dissolve easily with water once dry.

Oil paints. For gluing pigment particles in oil paints, a binder based on compacted oil (for example, linseed, walnut, etc.), soft resins (mastic, dammar), and beeswax is used. After drying, oil paints do not dissolve and are not washed off.

Tempera paints. The binder of tempera paints is an emulsion, i.e. a mixture of substances insoluble with each other. Hence the name "Tempera" (from the Latin temperare, which means "to connect" or "to mix"). There are four main types of tempera paints: casein-oil, egg, wax-oil, polyvinyl acetate. From these names it is clear what the binder of each type of tempera paint consists of. It can be casein, butter, egg yolk, wax, PVA. But if oil or egg yolk are well-known components of paints, then not everyone knows about casein. Casein is a glue that is obtained from milk, or rather from cottage cheese. Casein glue is used in combination with oil in the manufacture of casein oil tempera. Most tempera paints do not dissolve or wash off after drying.

Acrylic paints. The pigment of these paints is mixed with a polyacrylate binder. This binder is not natural, but is created artificially. Acrylic paints appeared relatively recently and have a number of interesting features. After drying, acrylic paints are no longer dissolved and washed off with water.

It happens that a muse wakes up in the soul and you want to create, namely to draw, and even try to do it in an unusual technique for yourself. I think that many people like to splash their emotions onto the canvas, but not everyone does it with oil paints. But in vain. Oil paints have a number of advantages, and any beginner, having connected his imagination, will be able to draw a wonderful picture.

Today I propose to consider what equipment is needed for oil painting. The set, in principle, is standard, as for many techniques. But everywhere there are nuances.

1. Paints

Oil paints are standard, they work with a thinner, and they are water-soluble. They differ only in that a special liquid is added to the latter, which allows water and oil to interact. For many artists, this type of oil paint is wild. But it's actually a very good alternative for those who don't want to deal with thinners.

It is important to know what oil paints are made of. Usually it is a pigment, oil and turpentine. Pigments are natural and synthetic, of course, depending on the type, both the price and the color saturation vary. Oil also has its own varieties - walnut, linseed, hemp, soflor and poppy.

It is best for beginners to choose synthetic ones in order to try themselves in this technique and see if things go any further.

2. Brushes

This item is one of the most important. This is the ideal tool for the perfect expression of the author's ideas and the texture of the picture. It depends on the brush whether the paint will lay down as it should, whether you can highlight small parts and make the picture deeper, more alive.

What material are the brushes made of?

- made of synthetic fiber;

- from natural fibers (coarse pig bristles, as well as from fur animals such as sable).

Natural brushes are relatively expensive. But their quality speaks for itself - the brush retains its shape with the typed paint and takes exactly the same after strokes.

What shape are the cysts:

– flat brushes- the length is greater than the width, have a rectangular shape. When viewed from the side, they look flat. They are the most practical: you can make a wide, triangular stroke when twisting and a narrow line. It is also the main brush for mixing paints.

– semicircular flat- brushes that were originally made round, and then became flattened. They allow you to control the accuracy of the contour if its shape is unusual and irregular.

– retouching- a flat brush with a tip cut at an angle. Usually made from synthetic fiber. They are used for color plans, sketches, as they make clear sharp corners. They do an excellent job with color transitions, making them less rough.

– fan- also flat, have a not very thick beam similar to a fan. Necessary for creating subtle color stretches, can be used to reduce the contrast between contours and texture.

– "cat tongue"- a flat brush of a domed or oval shape. You can write like a regular flat brush, and in a perpendicular position to the surface - like a round one. The leader among brushes in transitions from one color to another.

– stencil- the tip of the nose of such a brush is blunt and flat, and strokes must be applied to the canvas with vertical strokes.

– linear- a variation of round brushes with a thin and long hair. Ideal for fine lines, long strokes and for inscriptions.

3. Palette

The palette is an important thing for the artist, they mix paints in it and get new ones. desired colors. You can hold it in your hand or place it next to the table, whichever is more convenient. Available in three variations - glass, plexiglass (plexiglass) or wood.

It must be remembered that the care of the palette depends on the material from which it is made. Before use, the wooden palette must be rubbed with linseed oil and wiped dry. Rinse immediately after use, rub with oil and wipe again.

Glass is easier to use - it is not necessary to remove paint residues immediately after painting, as they are peeled off from it even when dried.

It is also advisable to clean the plexiglass palette immediately, failure to follow this rule will lead to the fact that you can scratch the material, trying to separate the dried paint from it.

4. Thinner

This liquid is needed in order to make the paints less thick for a comfortable process.

Usually one of three is used - linseed oil, petroleum or a tee. Petroleum will become indispensable for allergy sufferers, as well as those who simply cannot tolerate strong odors, since this liquid does not have it.

5. Canvas

Actually the material on which the artist paints a picture. Nowadays there is a huge variety of canvases that can puzzle and confuse any beginner. But don't be afraid. In fact, everything is simple - they are usually made from linen or cotton. It is the property of the material that gives them graininess, there are fine-grained, medium-grained, coarse-grained.

If you need to clearly draw every detail, it is better to purchase a fine-grained canvas, this type also allows you to make smooth transitions from one color to another. If you decide to paint with large strokes and simply draw the contours of objects, coarse-grained and medium-grained canvases will do.

Canvases are also sold on cardboard or immediately in a stretcher, which greatly simplifies the process of turning an ordinary painting into a painting attached to the wall.

6. Paint remover for brushes

It must be remembered that after the drawing process, it is necessary to thoroughly clean not only the palette, but also the brushes. Timely care of this important tool will ensure your next painting session.

To do this, you can buy a solvent white spirit for oil paints, or do it with the solvent with which you diluted the paints. In addition, the label of the tube of paint may indicate how exactly it needs to be dissolved.

7. Bowl for washing brushes

You can either buy a special small bucket for this work in the artist’s shop, or take what is at hand: a small jar, or an old unnecessary cup.

8. Great mood

The paintings that the artist draws always come from the soul. This process is mysterious and beautiful. To paint means to belong to oneself and to the whole world at the same time. Therefore, be sure to approach this wonderful activity with good mood, relaxed, spiritualized. And then you will get a result that will conquer any imagination.

Create and be happy!

The development of creative thinking in a child begins almost from birth. Creativity and speech are inextricably linked. And the sooner parents give their baby colored pencils, paints and paper, the more harmonious the formation of personality will be.

Drawing is a fascinating and educational process. Children show interest in multi-colored jars of paints early. And the moment when a multi-colored trace remains from touching a white sheet causes them delight and bewilderment.

Online stores offer a variety of products for creativity. How to choose safe paints? After all, small children learn the world not only by touch, but also by taste. With what colors is it better to start introducing a child to the world of painting? What colors work best?

Paints are different

You can safely give paints to a child from the moment he learned to sit confidently. The main thing is to look after young artist. How older child, the more colors should appear in the palette. First, he will draw with his fingers. As he grows up and acquires new skills, he will learn to hold a brush, will create more and more complex and meaningful drawings.

Paints for children are of the following types:

• finger;
• gouache;
• acrylic;
• oil.

Finger paints are recommended to give with early age. They were designed just for the little ones. The kid still cannot hold the brush correctly, dip it into the paint, draw accurately on paper. With finger paints, everything is simple. Dip your fingers and apply to the paper. These colors develop fine motor skills and creative thinking. Colors have a bitter taste. This is done on purpose, having tasted them, the baby will not want to eat them. They have a viscous consistency, do not drain from the fingers and mix well. Dyes and food additives.

Gouache can be bought for a child as soon as he learns to hold a brush. These paints are used in the classroom in kindergarten and in lower grades. Thick consistency allows you to draw on paper, wood, glass and other surfaces. When a child learns to work with this type of paint, you can add a palette to the work. It is convenient to mix paints and get new shades. For the manufacture of gouache, natural and chemical dyes are used. They are inedible. If the child suddenly tastes them, there is no need to panic. Paints are non-toxic.

Watercolor paints have a wide color scheme. Watercolors are best bought for older children, from 6-7 years old. Working with them requires certain skills. The child must confidently use the brush, control the force of pressure, understand how to dilute the paints with water. Watercolor is water-based paint. It fits well on paper and wood. For full-fledged work with such paints, you need a palette.

Each artist has his own unique technique that allows him to create real works of art. However, in order to transfer all your thoughts and creative ideas on paper, you need to choose the right colors. After all, the point here is not only a harmonious combination of colors. It is important to find paints and varnishes that allow you to save your work for many years.

Some artists prefer to create bright enough pictures. They have a whole palette of colors and shades. Others like textured drawings in which every stroke is traced. There are also contemporary artists, working with contours. To draw silhouettes of people or create entire landscapes on paper, you need to use different types of paints, depending on what you want to depict.

There are different types of paints for drawing and painting. They differ from each other:

• by composition,
• purpose,
• additional functionality, which are inherent in the paintwork material of this category.

Sometimes to find suitable paint, artists are experimenting with various types these paints. This is the only way to understand how the paint falls on the paper and how long it takes for it to solidify.

You can find the paint that suits you right away or decide which paint material you need by using various materials and dyes. It all depends on you and your desire to find the most suitable paint material for creative work.

There is a great variety of different paints for drawing. Depending on the material used and the composition of the paint, artists purchase in specialized stores everything they need to perform all subsequent creative work.

As a result, the choice of paint is up to you. Consider the most common types of paints and varnishes, which are often used by artists to create their masterpieces.

All novice artists choose gouache for their creative work.

This paint has excellent functional characteristics:

• dissolves in water
• acquires the effect of velvety,
• has a good color palette.

However, after it dries on the surface of the material, you can notice a slight pallor of the paint. Gouache turns pale due to the fact that it contains white.

But this is only a small drawback that can be hidden with the help of other auxiliary paints and varnishes. For example, on finished work sometimes lacquered. It gives the work a shine effect, and gouache colors look new in the picture.

On the one hand, this is the most plain paint for drawing, which is primarily chosen by conversation artists. On the other hand, working with gouache is very difficult. After all, in order to achieve the desired color, you will have to experiment with shades. It is also somewhat difficult to achieve an even tone. Therefore, before applying the paint to the work surface, artists prefer to use small drafts that allow them to create the desired shades of colors.

But over time, when you learn how to work with gouache, you will discover all the advantages of this paint. First of all, all the mistakes you made during your work can be quickly corrected. To do this, you just need to apply a new layer of paint, which will differ from the previous one in its density. This will hide all the shortcomings that you made while doing all the work with gouache.

Remember, you can not apply gouache too thick. Indeed, after it dries, some elements of the pattern may crumble. The paint itself does not have a strong structure, if you work with it incorrectly, all defects and your mistakes will be visible after the paint is applied.

Try to slowly implement all the creative ideas you have conceived. This will avoid a large number mistakes that can be made even by professional artists who neglect the rules when using gouache in their work.

Surprisingly, it is with this paint that they begin their creative way children. However, with the help of the same gouache, great artists create real works of art that fascinate with their beauty and originality.

With the help of gouache were created greatest works the art of such famous artists like Picasso and Rubens. Still think that gouache is just children's paint? It's time to take a fresh look at this unique paintwork material.

Watercolor

Watercolor can be bright or pale, depending on the color you choose. It, like gouache, is able to dissolve in water, but unlike the previous paint, it has special functionality.

The first layers of this dye give the paper a certain color. But the peculiarity of watercolor lies in the subsequent layers. After all, after applying and drying on paper, the paint gives it a glossy effect, without coloring the already applied words in a certain color. In fact, watercolor in this case appears on the work surface as a transparent emulsion.

Artists love watercolor precisely because of its properties. Transparency allows:

• give pictures a special color,
• highlight some details of the landscape,
• emphasize the most significant moments in the creative work.

In order to convey the full range of his emotions and feelings, the artist has only paint and paper on which he can depict the future work of art. Sometimes for expressiveness or completeness, the work lacks a certain shade. In some cases, paint applied in several layers can create the desired effect. But you need to know about these features of watercolor paints.

Ideally similar paints and varnishes are suitable for depicting landscapes. With the help of watercolors, artists often paint a changeable sky, playing with different colors.

In some cases, it is watercolor that helps to create portraits that can amaze with their mystery and unusual realism.

Any work done in watercolor will look perfect only if you do not make mistakes. Before doing all the paint work, practice on drafts first.

Even professional artists use small pieces of paper to check:

• how the paint will lay down,
• Is this color ideal?
• Is it worth it to apply watercolor in this way.

Only after the paint has dried can you determine whether you have done all the work perfectly or if there are any shortcomings. When working with this paintwork material, you can use various paint application techniques.

It's always nice to try something new and different. To see how a particular combination of colors can give a completely different idea of ​​the same creative work. Surprisingly, two artists will draw the same flower in different ways. After all, everyone will use in their work different colors and shades, a certain technique that allows them to depict the object of interest to the artist on paper.

Perhaps watercolor is best paint for artists. If you still do not know how to work with it, it's time to learn how to handle this paintwork material.

Video. Drawing in watercolor.

Magic shades of pastels

What kind of paint is suitable for painters, because it is not paint that is used to apply it. The paintwork material itself is available in the form of convenient pencils or small crayons, which are very easy to draw on the work surface. This is the special attraction of pastel, because it is quite exciting to draw. The very fact that you don’t need to use a brush to work with pastel makes it a unique paint.

There is no need to mix colors or dip the brush to get the right paint consistency. In fact, such a pencil becomes an extension of the hand, allowing the artist to create unique paintings with just paint and paper.

Despite the special composition of paints and varnishes, pastel is quite easy to work with.

On the other hand, pastels are very easy to work with. Just mix shades and get the colors you need right on paper. You can use a special shading or just rub the paint on paper with your fingers. Everything here depends on your desire and ability to do creative work professional and correct.

If you make small mistakes and oversights when working with paint, it is enough to simply hide them by overlapping one layer of paint with a different color or the same shade, creating a brighter and more saturated color.

Levitan is the most prominent representative artists who worked professionally with pastels. His paintings are different unusual game colors and all sorts of shades, which the combination created pictures of incredible beauty. Perhaps it is this paint that will become the most acceptable material for creativity for you.

Do artists need tempera?

One of the most ancient paints used by artists is tempera. This paint is simply not able to change tone over time, it has good brightness. Tempera dries quickly, which is why it is especially valued among professional artists, for whom time is of the utmost importance.

Working with this paint and varnish material is very interesting, because tempera is a paint that is quite durable in terms of its functionality.

Professional Artists can use tempera to work in various techniques. Therefore, if desired, you can create the effect of watercolor or gouache.

Thanks to the use of such a unique coloring, you can create amazing pictures, which will combine the effects of different colors. It all depends on the original intention of the artist and his capabilities. Thus, it is possible to work with one paint, but at the same time it will seem that the picture combines several paints and varnishes that are identical in composition.

In addition to the various colors that the artist uses for his work, the most effective and important auxiliary tool is a simple pencil. Without it, it is impossible to draw the contours and sketches of the future of the picture.

The choice of colors depends on many factors. First, the artist decides what work will be depicted on the canvas. Only after this is the selection of appropriate paints and varnishes. Professional artists can paint pictures using only one paint or use several colorants that are harmoniously combined with each other.

related materials

Probably everyone can remember similar case that during the repair period, more than once, due to his own inattention, he forgot to close the can of paint, from which the material, to great disappointment, froze and was no longer suitable for use. The following are examples of possible paint thinners to help you salvage hardened paint, or simply thin new paint.

withdrawal question oil paint today is of great relevance, since this kind of problem occurs in almost every case of cosmetic repairs. An activity like removing paint can either be a matter of ten minutes for you, or it will appear to you more like a curse, taking hours of precious time, effort, and often money from you. Removing oil paint from walls is the most time-consuming process, and especially in cases where the paint is applied over plaster or concrete. However, if you still decide on a new painting, then the simplest, and therefore popular methods for removing oil paint from surfaces will be given and considered below.

Watercolor is a painting technique in which special water-based paints are used. As a result, a unique creation is created on the canvas, which has lightness, airiness, subtle color transitions.

Artistic paints acrylic paints.