Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

V.A. Mozart as a child was called the sunny boy, in early adolescence - a child prodigy, and then - a genius.

At the age of 4, he freely played the violin and harpsichord, at the age of 6 he began to compose music, at 7 he improvised, competing with famous musicians, at 14 he was recognized as a composer, and at 15 - a member of music academies Bologna and Verona.

He lived only 35 years and created

626 musical works,

including:

23 operas,

18 sonatas,

23 piano concertos,

41 symphonies.

He worked in all musical forms of his time and in all achieved the highest success.

Brief encyclopedic reference

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) - the great Austrian composer and conductor, representative of the Vienna classical school music, author of more than 600 pieces of music. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal ear for music, memory and the ability to improvise. Worldwide recognized as one of the the greatest composers: his uniqueness lies in the fact that he worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all.

Early years.

1. Salzburg. The house where W. A. ​​Mozart was born. 2. Leopold Mozart. Hood. P.Lorenz. 3.Watercolor artist Carmontel. Lesson for Wolfgang and Anna.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptismal name - Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) was born on January 27, 1756 in the small Austrian town of Salzburg. The first two words in his full name are the name of St. John Chrysostom, the last - in Latin means "beloved of God." Mozart himself preferred to be called Wolfgang.

His father, Leopolda Mozart, was the court organist and at the same time the most famous music teacher in Europe. His book "The Experience of a Solid Violin School" was published in 1756 - the year Mozart was born, went through many editions and was translated into Russian. The musical talent of Wolfgang and his older sister Anna was discovered in early childhood. The father himself taught his son to play the organ, violin, harpsichord. At the age of three, the boy confidently improvised, and at five, he composed musical works.

4. Six-year-old Mozart in a suit donated by the Empress. Hood. P.Lorenz. 5. The Mozart family. On the wall is a portrait of the mother. Hood. I. Nepomuk de Croce.

Deciding to show his little child prodigy to the public, Leopold Mozart undertakes in 1762, when his son was only 6 years old, a successful concert tour of Germany, Switzerland, Holland. The family twice receives a reception from Empress Maria Theresa. Mozart's concert tours have been going on for about ten years, and everywhere and always the music of the boy Mozart amazed the listeners with amazing beauty and harmony. In addition to Wolfgang, his older sister Anna, a gifted singer, also participates in the tour.

By the age of 17, the repertoire young composer included more than 40 major works. Concerts brought a considerable income to the family, but required great physical and mental costs from little musicians.

In 1763, four works by the young composer were published in France in sonata form for clavier and violin. It was a real confession.

6. Order of the Golden Spur. 7. Son of J.S. Bach - Christian Bach. Hood. T.Gainsborough. 8. Portrait of Mozart. Hood. Doris Stock.

Especially important for the Mozarts was a trip to London (1764 - 1765). Immediately upon arrival, they were received by King George III. One of the concerts was attended by the composer Johann Christian Bach (son of the great Johann Sebastian Bach), whom Mozart would call his teacher many years later. It was in London that the first symphonies were composed.

From 1766 to 1769, living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the work of the great masters, in particular Handel.

1769 - 1770 - a trip to Italy. Mozarts are received by King Ferdinand IV and Pope Clement XIV, who awards the musician with the Order of the Golden Spur.

In the years 1770-1774 Mozart lived in Italy, where he studied European music and mastered the intricacies of craftsmanship, got acquainted with outstanding musicians of his time. His first operas were created there (The Imaginary Simple Woman, Mithridates the King of Pontus, Lucius Sulla, The Dream of Scipio), which had big success at the public.

The flowering of creativity.

The heyday of Mozart's work is considered to be the 70s of the 18th century, when he created such works as Symphony No. 31 (Paris), 6 sonatas for the clavier, sacred choirs, a concerto for flute and harp, 12 ballet numbers.
At the same time, Mozart is having a hard time with the death of his mother. The loss changed the style of his works from serene, sunny to stormy, dramatic.

At this time (1779) Mozart begins to serve. And the first place of his permanent work is the position of court organist in hometown. But court life burdens the independent and freedom-loving creative personality already famous musician, and he chooses the difficult path of a free musician and heavy worries about his daily bread.

Peak of glory.

In 1781 on opera stage Munich debuted Mozart's opera Idomeneo, which was a great success with the public. Mozart decides to permanently settle in Vienna. In 1783 he marries Constance Weber. At this time, Mozart gained wide popularity in Vienna; his "academies" were very popular - the so-called public author's concerts, in which the works of one composer were performed by himself. In Vienna, the most significant works operatic and symphonic genres. The most famous operas Le nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni (both written together with the poet Lorenzo da Ponte) are staged in all major theaters in Europe, becoming outstanding examples of operatic realism.

In 1789, the composer received a very lucrative offer to head the court chapel in Berlin. Music world of that time did not understand his refusal, which at the same time was fraught with material difficulties. The composer himself made a choice in favor of family and creativity.

Taking care of the financial support of children, Mozart was forced to work hard. At this time, he is haunted by failure. "Don Juan" unexpectedly fails in Vienna. Mozart was forced to take the position of composer and bandmaster at the court of Emperor Joseph II, who understood little about music and could publicly say that Mozart's compositions were "not to the taste of the Viennese."

Last big essay Mozart became a brilliant opera on German « magical flute"(1791) - a kind of spiritual testament.

9. Hood. I. Edlinger. Lifetime portrait of W. A. ​​Mozart. Munich. 1790. 10. Vienna. The house where

Death.

The last years of Mozart's life are tragic. The wife was seriously ill. Worries and stressful creative work finally undermined the health of the 35-year-old composer. From November 1791, Mozart was ill a lot and did not get out of bed at all. He felt the approach of death, so he mystically accepted the order to create the funeral mass "Requiem". The order was made by Count Walsegg-Stuppach in memory of his dead wife. There is evidence that the count was distinguished by the fact that he ordered works from talented composers, which he later performed under his own name. So it should have been with Requiem. Mozart worked until his strength left him, but the Requiem was never completed. The work was completed by Mozart's student Süssmeier, who used the sketches and sketches of his great teacher.

The last months of the composer's life were spent in poverty. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on December 5, 1791 from an acute fever. Buried in common grave for the poor at St. Mark's Cemetery in Vienna. However, the famous legend about the poisoning of Mozart by his friend and rival Salieri, which did not find historical confirmation, continues to live.

For the Viennese, Mozart's death passed almost imperceptibly, however, in Prague, with a large gathering of people (about 4000 people), in memory of Mozart on the 9th day after his death, 120 musicians performed Antonio Rosetti's Requiem, written back in 1776, with special additions.

We invite you to watch one of the best biographical documentaries about the great Mozart. It was created by the German musicologist and composer Malcoln Hossick, based on published materials and personal impressions. The film in mp4 format lasts 26 minutes and covers all major events from the life of Mozart. Follow the link to youtube: https://youtu.be/updJKzBBe5A - or just click on the frame.

The aria of the Queen of the Night by W. A. ​​Mozart sounds.

Who wrote this piece of music?

What is it called?

See what interesting portraits The queens of the night were drawn by the guys.

Which composers does W. A. ​​Mozart belong to?

Who else relates to this musical direction?

Why are these composers called Viennese classics?

Guys, the creativity of each of Viennese classics has its own striking features, but only one composer is called " sunlight" in music. The name of this musical genius- W. A. ​​Mozart.

Do you know in which city Mozart was born? Who was his first teacher? How many works did he create?

What do you think is the purpose of our lesson today?

Quite right. Today we will continue to study the work of the most "sunny" composer. Wunderkind - "wonder child", Mozart became the pinnacle European culture 18th century.

We get acquainted with the music of Mozart from the very early age– from the moment we start watching re-

dacha " Good night, kids!

The teacher hums a lullaby.

We all know the lullaby "Sleep, my joy, sleep ..."

But this melody was composed by Mozart. But that's not all.

The teacher plays a children's song.

This children's song has been familiar to us since childhood "Once upon a time there was

Grandma has a gray goat. This is also the music of Mozart.

The music of a composer who lived in the 18th century continues

make us happy today.

talking modern language, these are hits that, in terms of popularity and longevity, have broken all existing world records. Let's turn to some pages of the biography of W. A. ​​Mozart. I suggest you watch a video presentation about life brilliant composer.

After watching, you will need to answer the following questions:

In what city, in what year was W.A. Mozart born?

What was the name of Mozart's father?

What was the name of Mozart's wife?

How long did Mozart live and how many works did he create in his lifetime?

Video presentation “Eternal sunlight– your name is Mozart” (Appendix 5).

The teacher asks questions.

Guys, Mozart was a versatile composer.

He left a rich legacy in all musical genres. But the composer has a special depth lyrical images. Why do we unmistakably guess: Mozart's music is playing? The answer to this question is written on the board. What remedy musical expressiveness is central to Mozart's music?

MELODY

Please read in the textbooks on page 52 what Mozart himself wrote about this.

To understand how beautiful W. A. ​​Mozart's music is, we will begin to learn a fragment of his vocal work.

Mozart's canon "Dona nobis pacem" sounds

(“Give us peace” Appendix 2).

What was the mood in the music?

Was the piece in Russian?

There are only three words in the piece. Latin"Dona nobis pacem", which translates into Russian "Give us peace." We will learn it in Latin.

It's amazingly beautiful vocal work. The performance should be sublime, divine, as if the angels are performing their song.

Learning a fragment (period) of the canon by V.A. Mozart.

Attention to clear pronunciation, flexible phrasing, covered vowels o, a, e. Vocalized singing on "a". Learning with words. Working with strokes, building the dynamic development of the work.

Guys, let's get some rest. Imagine that you are a member of a symphony orchestra. Now you will play the instruments that I will name.

(Sounds W. A. ​​Mozart "The Marriage of Figaro" Overture).

In this lesson, we will get acquainted with another outstanding composition by Mozart, known throughout the world.

Symphony No. 40 (fragment) sounds.

What is the mood in the piece?

Who is performing?

What genre, which flourished in the 18th century, do you think this music belongs to?

What is a symphony, we will read in the textbooks on page 52.

What is the Greek word for symphony?

How many parts does a symphony have?

Who is performing the symphony?

It is noteworthy that the classical composition of the symphony orchestra was formed in the 18th century, in the work of J. Haydn.

What other orchestras do you know?

Of all the orchestras in existence today Symphony Orchestra- the largest in composition and the most powerful in sound. But we see that thanks to the composer's genius of W. A. ​​Mozart, even the most powerful orchestra can sound like a beautiful stream or source. Symphony No. 40 or the fortieth symphony - sublime, exciting, amazing in its beauty, makes us rise above our worries and think about something bright, pure and beautiful. Who is leading the orchestra?

And now you will have the opportunity to become conductors for a few minutes and perform a fragment of Mozart's fortieth symphony.

Symphony No. 40 sounds again.

Well done! You were great conductors.

So, which composers does W.A. Mozart belong to?

What means of musical expression defines the essence of Mozart's music?

Mozart's music is amazing!

I would like Mozart's music to sound everywhere, and maybe then our world would become cleaner, brighter and kinder.

Performance of the song "Music Lives Everywhere". Sl.V.Suslov, music. Ya.Dubravina.

Is our musical journey came to an end. Tell me, please, what do you remember the most?

Which musical fragments did you like it?

Why? Would you like to learn more about Mozart's life and listen to his works?

Today, all the guys did a great job and get a mark of "5".

The music of W. A. ​​Mozart sounds.

Academic music of the XX century in faces

Sergei Prokofiev could become not only a recognized composer, but also a writer. Despite the difficult circumstances and character, and his work remained optimistic. Without a doubt, his work is important element academic music XX century. Concepture continues to highlight the most prominent composers of this period.

Perhaps you didn't know:

Child of the Sun From 1916 to 1921, Prokofiev collected an album of autographs from his friends who answered the question: "What do you think about the sun?" Subsequently, it will be called the "Wooden Book". Among those who answered were K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Dostoevskaya, F. Chaliapin, A. Rubinshtein, V. Burliuk, V. Mayakovsky, K. Balmont. Prokofiev's work is often called sunny, optimistic, cheerful. Even the place of his birth (the village of Sontsovka) he himself called in the Little Russian manner - So(l)tsevka.

Favorite of the authorities In the 30s, the authorities of the USSR called him home and promised the status of "the first composer", Better conditions, despite the fact that, in general, repatriates are treated rather badly (calling them "defectors"). He was given a huge apartment in a house at 14 Zemlyanoy Val, where the pilot V. Chkalov, the poet S. Marshak and others lived. He was allowed to bring a blue Ford and get a personal driver. After the war, Prokofiev mostly lived in a dacha in the suburban village of Nikolina Gora (bought with a Stalin Prize).

Music prodigy Love for music little Sergei instilled by his mother Maria Grigorievna, who was a good pianist. At the age of five, he will compose his first work - the play "Indian Gallop". By the age of ten, he will have written the opera The Giant and the first act of the second opera On the Deserted Islands.

What would our life be like without music? For years, people have been asking themselves this question and coming to the conclusion that without the beautiful sounds of music, the world would be a very different place. Music helps us to experience joy more fully, to find our inner self and to cope with difficulties. Composers, working on their works, were inspired by a variety of things: love, nature, war, happiness, sadness and many others. Some of the ones they created musical compositions will forever remain in the hearts and memory of people. Here is a list of the ten greatest and talented composers during all this time. Under each of the composers you will find a link to one of his most famous works.

10 PHOTOS (VIDEO)

Franz Peter Schubert is an Austrian composer who lived only 32 years, but his music will live on for a very long time. Schubert wrote nine symphonies, about 600 vocal compositions, and a large number of chamber and solo piano music.

"Evening Serenade"

German composer and pianist, author of two serenades, four symphonies, and concertos for violin, piano and cello. He performed at concerts from the age of ten, first performed with solo concert at 14 years old. During his lifetime, he gained popularity primarily thanks to the waltzes and Hungarian dances he wrote.

"Hungarian Dance No. 5".

Georg Friedrich Handel - German and English composer baroque era, he wrote about 40 operas, many organ concerts, and chamber music. Handel's music has been played at the coronation of English kings since 973, it is also heard at royal wedding ceremonies and is even used as the anthem of the UEFA Champions League (with a little arrangement).

"Music on the Water"

Joseph Haydn- a famous and prolific Austrian composer of the Classical era, he is called the father of the symphony, since he made a significant contribution to the development of this musical genre. Joseph Haydn is the author of 104 symphonies, 50 piano sonatas, 24 operas and 36 concertos

"Symphony No. 45".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is the most famous Russian composer, the author of more than 80 works, including 10 operas, 3 ballets and 7 symphonies. He was very popular and known as a composer during his lifetime, performed in Russia and abroad as a conductor.

"Waltz of the Flowers" from the ballet "The Nutcracker".

Frederic Francois Chopin is a Polish composer who is also considered one of the best pianists of all times. He wrote many piano pieces including 3 sonatas and 17 waltzes.

"Rain waltz".

The Venetian composer and virtuoso violinist Antonio Lucio Vivaldi is the author of more than 500 concertos and 90 operas. He had a great influence on the development of Italian and world violin art.

"Elven Song"

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer who amazed the world with his talent with early childhood. Already at the age of five, Mozart was composing small pieces. In total, he wrote 626 works, including 50 symphonies and 55 concertos. 9.Beethoven 10.Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach - German composer and organist of the Baroque era, known as a master of polyphony. He is the author of more than 1000 works, which include almost all significant genres of that time.

"Musical Joke"

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